View source for Evilard

{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name		= Evilard
| municipality_type	=
| imagepath_coa	= CHE-Evilard-COA.svg
| canton		= Bern
| iso-code-region 	= CH-BE
| district		= [[Biel/Bienne (administrative district)|Biel/Bienne]]
|coordinates = {{coord|47|09|N|7|14|E|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code		= 2533
| municipality_code	= 0372
| area			= 3.70
| elevation		= 697|elevation_description=
| population		= {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0372}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} |  popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}
| website		= www.evilard.ch
| mayor		= |mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
| mayor_title	= |list_of_mayors	=
| places		=
| demonym		=
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Biel/Bienne]], [[Lamboing]], [[Orvin]], [[Tüscherz-Alfermée]]
| twintowns		=
|}}
'''Evilard/Leubringen''' is a bilingual [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Biel/Bienne (administrative district)|Biel/Bienne administrative district]] of the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern]], [[Switzerland]]. The French name of the municipality is Evilard and the German name is Leubringen.
The municipality contains two separate settlements, called in French Evilard and Macolin, in German Leubringen and Magglingen, and a rural area called in French the Pré de Macolin.
==History==
[[File:ETH-BIB-Magglingen-LBS H1-013196.tif|thumb|Aerial view of Macolin/Magglingen (1950)]]
The first appearance of the municipality in written documents was in 1300, under the name of ''Lomeringen''.<ref name=HDS/> French speakers are recorded later as using the names ''Evillard'' or ''es Villard'' ("in the town").{{fact|date=July 2024}} A number of monasteries and the [[Bishopric of Basel]] held land in this area during the Middle Ages. {{fact|date=July 2024}} However, judicially and militarily the town was subordinate to the city of Biel. From 1798 to 1815, Evilard belonged to [[France]] and was part of the Canton de Bienne in the ''[[Département in France|département]]'' of [[Mont-Terrible]], which was joined with [[Haut-Rhin]] in 1800. At the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815, the town was returned to Switzerland and placed in the [[Canton of Bern]]. At first, Evilard was attached to the [[Nidau (district)|Oberamt Nidau]]; in 1832 it was placed in the Biel/Bienne district. At times, there has been debate over merging the administration with the city of Biel/Bienne; this was however rejected by the residents in 1902. Evilard is not an ecclesiastical [[parish]]. Until 1821 it was part of the church parish of Orvin, and since is combined with Biel/Bienne.<ref name=HDS/>
==Geography==
Evilard lies {{convert|697|m|ft|sp=us}} above [[sea level]], and {{convert|1|km|mi|sp=us}} north of the district capital city, [[Biel/Bienne]], [[as the crow flies]]. The town spans a southeast-facing clearing of the front of the [[Jura mountains]], about {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}} over the city of Biel. In clear weather, the view from Evilard of the [[Swiss plateau]] and the [[Alps]] from [[Mont Blanc]] to the region of [[Glärnisch]] and [[Alpstein]] is quite impressive.
The municipality reaches to the height of the [[anticline]] of ''Montagen de Macolin''. It includes the town of Evilard, which is surrounded by ''Malvaux'' (German: ''Malewagwald'', up to {{convert|765|m|ft|abbr=on}} altitude). To the southwest, the municipality reaches in a narrow strip over the Magglingen to the peak of the Magglingerberg, up to the municipal high point of {{convert|1070|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
It consists of the villages of Evilard and Macolin and the Pré de Macolin area.  Macolin (German: ''Magglingen''), lies at {{convert|875|m|ft|abbr=on}} on the southeast slope of Magglingerberg. The neighboring municipalities are Biel/Bienne, [[Orvin]], [[Lamboing]], and [[Twann-Tüscherz]].
Evilard has an area of {{Swiss area|0372|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|0372|QUELLE}}<!--3.68 - 3.64 km2-->  Of this area, {{convert|1.1|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 29.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|1.47|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 39.9% is forested.   Of the rest of the land, {{convert|1.07|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 29.1% is settled (buildings or roads).<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref>
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 19.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.6%.  Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.1% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.8%.  Out of the forested land, 38.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 6.5% is used for growing crops and  23.1% is pastures.<ref name=BFS_land/>
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Biel, the municipality's former district, was dissolved.  On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Biel/Bienne.<ref name=Mutation>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113231755/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html |date=2015-11-13 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 4 April 2011</ref>
==Coat of arms==
The [[blazon]] of the municipal [[coat of arms]] is ''Or a Bull's Head caboshed Sable.''<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be052.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 14-August-2012</ref>
==Demographics==
Evilard has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-BE|0372}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-BE}}  {{as of|2010}}, 10.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals.<ref name=BE_Stat>[http://www.fin.be.ch/de/index/finanzen/finanzen/publikationen/wohnbevoelkerung.html Statistical office of the Canton of Bern] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215012157/http://www.fin.be.ch/de/index/finanzen/finanzen/publikationen/wohnbevoelkerung.html |date=2012-02-15 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 4 January 2012</ref>  Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 1.3%.  Migration accounted for 2.4%, while births and deaths accounted for -1.2%.<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |date=January 5, 2016 }} accessed 14-August-2012</ref>
Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks [[German language|German]] (1,426 or 60.0%) as their first language, [[French language|French]] is the second most common (811 or 34.1%) and [[Italian language|Italian]] is the third (35 or 1.5%).  There are 2 people who speak [[Romansh language|Romansh]].<ref name=STAT2000/>
{{as of|2008}}, the population was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.  The population was made up of 1,028 Swiss men (43.4% of the population) and 126 (5.3%) non-Swiss men.  There were 1,090 Swiss women (46.0%) and 12 (0.5%) non-Swiss women.<ref name="BE_Stat"/>  Of the population in the municipality, 368 or about 15.5% were born in Evilard and lived there in 2000.  There were 904 or 38.0% who were born in the same canton, while 661 or 27.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 375 or 15.8% were born outside of Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/>
{{as of|2010}}, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 55.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 23.7%.<ref name=SFSO/>
{{as of|2000}}, there were 852 people who were single and never married in the municipality.  There were 1,251 married individuals, 161 widows or widowers and 112 individuals who are divorced.<ref name=STAT2000>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409212530/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true |date=April 9, 2014 }}  {{in lang|de}} accessed 2 February 2011</ref>
{{as of|2000}}, there were 294 households that consist of only one person and 68 households with five or more people.  {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, a total of 967 apartments (90.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 70 apartments (6.5%) were seasonally occupied and 34 apartments (3.2%) were empty.<ref name=Housing>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907111534/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=September 7, 2014 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref>  {{as of|2010}}, the construction rate of new housing units was 11.8 new units per 1000 residents.<ref name=SFSO/>  The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2011|alt=in 2011}}, was 1.5%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|223|Evilard}}</ref><ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930162751/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true |date=September 30, 2014 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 29 January 2011</ref>
<timeline>
Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
id:darkgrey  value:gray(0.8)
ImageSize  = width:1020 height:210
PlotArea   = top:10 left:100 bottom:50 right:100
AlignBars  = justify
DateFormat = x.y
Period     = from:0 till:2400
TimeAxis   = orientation:vertical
AlignBars  = justify
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:500 start:0
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0
PlotData=
color:yellowgreen width:40   mark:(line,white) align:center
bar:1770 from:start till:150 text:"150"
bar:1850 from:start till:365 text:"365"
bar:1860 from:start till:474 text:"474"
bar:1870 from:start till:500 text:"500"
bar:1880 from:start till:508 text:"508"
bar:1888 from:start till:449 text:"449"
bar:1900 from:start till:560 text:"560"
bar:1910 from:start till:633 text:"633"
bar:1920 from:start till:816 text:"816"
bar:1930 from:start till:870 text:"870"
bar:1941 from:start till:906 text:"906"
bar:1950 from:start till:1112 text:"1,112"
bar:1960 from:start till:1467 text:"1,467"
bar:1970 from:start till:1914 text:"1,914"
bar:1980 from:start till:2275 text:"2,275"
bar:1990 from:start till:2360 text:"2,360"
bar:2000 from:start till:2376 text:"2,376"
</timeline>
==Politics==
In the [[2011 Swiss federal election|2011 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SPS]] which received 21.6% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] (18.7%), the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] (16.8%) and the [[Swiss Party of Labour|BDP Party]] (11.9%).  In the federal election, a total of 845 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 47.7%.<ref name=election_2011>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/05/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114214422/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/05/03.html |date=November 14, 2013 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 8 May 2012</ref>
==Economy==
[[Image:Magglingen Sportschule Jubilaeumshalle.jpg|left|thumb|Jubilee Hall High School in Macolin]]
Evilard was dominated by agriculture until the beginning of the 20th century. Since about 1950, the town has built a large number of single-family homes for commuters working in Biel/Bienne. Macolin has developed into a resort location starting in about 1875, thanks to its sunny high altitude. Today the town has many tourist facilities, and includes the Swiss [[Federal Office of Sport]] (FOSPO), the Swiss federal government’s centre for expertise in sports.
{{as of|2011|In 2011}}, Evilard had an unemployment rate of 1.74%.  {{as of|2008}}, there were a total of 276 people employed in the municipality.  Of these, there were 29 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 8 businesses involved in this sector.  23 people were employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there were 9 businesses in this sector.  224 people were employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 43 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/>
{{as of|2008|alt=In 2008}} there were a total of 197 [[full-time equivalent]] jobs.  The number of jobs in the primary sector was 20, all of which were in agriculture.  The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 22 of which 7 or (31.8%) were in manufacturing and 10 (45.5%) were in construction.  The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 155.  In the tertiary sector; 25 or 16.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 20 or 12.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 13 or 8.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 1.3% were in the information industry, 17 or 11.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 27 or 17.4% were in education and 35 or 22.6% were in health care.<ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=December 25, 2014 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref>
{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 339 workers who commuted into the municipality and 891 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.<ref name=commuter>[https://archive.today/20120804043150/http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb] {{in lang|de}} accessed 24 June 2010</ref>  Of the working population, 24% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.9% used a private car.<ref name=SFSO/>
==Religion==
From the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 532 or 22.4% were [[Roman Catholic]], while 1,219 or 51.3% belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]].  Of the rest of the population, there were 15 [[Orthodoxy#Christianity|members of an Orthodox church]] (or about 0.63% of the population), there were 5 individuals (or about 0.21% of the population) who belonged to the [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland|Christian Catholic Church]], and there were 166 individuals (or about 6.99% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.  There were 4 individuals (or about 0.17% of the population) who were [[Judaism|Jewish]], and 26 (or about 1.09% of the population) who were [[Islam]]ic.  There were 5 individuals who were [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], 4 individuals who were [[Hinduism|Hindu]] and 3 individuals who belonged to another church.  388 (or about 16.33% of the population) belonged to no church, are [[Agnosticism|agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]], and 90 individuals (or about 3.79% of the population) did not answer the question.<ref name=STAT2000/>
==Education==
In Evilard about 942 or (39.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]], and 586 or (24.7%) have completed additional higher education (either [[List of universities in Switzerland|university]] or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').  Of the 586 who completed tertiary schooling, 63.1% were Swiss men, 24.6% were Swiss women, 7.5% were non-Swiss men and 4.8% were non-Swiss women.<ref name=STAT2000/>
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory [[Kindergarten]], followed by six years of Primary school.  This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude.  Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an [[apprenticeship]].<ref>{{Cite report |title=Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein |url= http://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf |author= EDK/CDIP/IDES |year= 2010 |access-date= 24 June 2010 }}</ref>
During the 2009-10 school year, there were a total of 241 students attending classes in Evilard.  There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 36 students in the municipality.  Of the kindergarten students, 8.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 13.9% have a different mother language than the classroom language.  The municipality had 4 primary classes and 89 students.  Of the primary students, 2.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.5% have a different mother language than the classroom language.<ref name=School>[http://www.erz.be.ch/erz/de/index/direktion/organisation/generalsekretariat/statistik/schul-_und_gemeindetabellen.html Schuljahr 2010/11 pdf document] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602073606/http://www.erz.be.ch/erz/de/index/direktion/organisation/generalsekretariat/statistik/schul-_und_gemeindetabellen.html |date=2012-06-02 }}{{in lang|de}} accessed 4 January 2012</ref>
{{as of|2000}}, there were 11 students in Evilard who came from another municipality, while 206 residents attended schools outside the municipality.<ref name=commuter/>
==Transport==
Transport within the municipality is well-developed. It is linked with Biel/Bienne and Orvin by road. In 1898 the [[Bienne–Evilard Funicular]] between Biel/Bienne and Evilard was opened. Magglingen is also connected to Biel/Bienne by the [[Biel–Magglingen Funicular]].
== Personalities ==
* [[Willy Burkhard]] (1900–1955), composer
* Henri Dubuis (1906–2003), architect
* [[Valérie Favre]] (born 1959), artist
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Evilard}}
* {{HDS|223}}
* {{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20060622083428/http://www.baspo.admin.ch/internet/baspo/de/home/ausbildung00/ausbildung00b.html Eidgenössische Hochschule für Sport Magglingen]
{{Municipalities of the administrative district of Biel/Bienne}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Municipalities of the canton of Bern]]