View source for Examples of in vitro transdifferentiation by lineage-instructive approach

A list<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Pournasr | first1 = B.
| last2 = Khaloughi | first2 = K.
| last3 = Salekdeh | first3 = G. H.
| last4 = Totonchi | first4 = M.
| last5 = Shahbazi | first5 = E.
| last6 = Baharvand | first6 = H.
| doi = 10.1002/stem.760
| title = Concise Review: Alchemy of Biology: Generating Desired Cell Types from Abundant and Accessible Cells
| journal = Stem Cells
| volume = 29
| issue = 12
| pages = 1933–1941
| year = 2011
| pmid = 21997905
| pmc =
| doi-access = free
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Vierbuchen | first1 = T.
| last2 = Ostermeier | first2 = A.
| last3 = Pang | first3 = Z. P.
| last4 = Kokubu | first4 = Y.
| last5 = Südhof | first5 = T. C.
| last6 = Wernig | first6 = M.
| doi = 10.1038/nature08797
| title = Direct conversion of fibroblasts to functional neurons by defined factors
| journal = Nature
| volume = 463
| issue = 7284
| pages = 1035–1041
| year = 2010
| pmid = 20107439
| pmc =2829121
| bibcode = 2010Natur.463.1035V
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Adler | first1 = A. F.
| last2 = Grigsby | first2 = C. L.
| last3 = Kulangara | first3 = K.
| last4 = Wang | first4 = H.
| last5 = Yasuda | first5 = R.
| last6 = Leong | first6 = K. W.
| doi = 10.1038/mtna.2012.25
| title = Nonviral Direct Conversion of Primary Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts to Neuronal Cells
| journal = Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids
| volume = 1
| issue = 7
| pages = e32–
| year = 2012
| pmid = 23344148
| pmc =3411320
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Addis | first1 = R. C.
| last2 = Hsu | first2 = F. C.
| last3 = Wright | first3 = R. L.
| last4 = Dichter | first4 = M. A.
| last5 = Coulter | first5 = D. A.
| last6 = Gearhart | first6 = J. D.
| editor1-last = Muotri
| editor1-first = Alysson Renato
| title = Efficient Conversion of Astrocytes to Functional Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Using a Single Polycistronic Vector
| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0028719
| journal = PLOS ONE
| volume = 6
| issue = 12
| pages = e28719
| year = 2011
| pmid = 22174877
| pmc =3235158
| doi-access = free
| bibcode = 2011PLoSO...628719A
}}</ref> of examples of [[transdifferentiation]]:
*Mouse [[fibroblast]]s, [[chondroblast]]s, and pigmented retinal [[Epithelium|epithelial cells]] → [[myoblast]]s ([[MyoD]])<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Davis | first1 = R. L.
| last2 = Weintraub | first2 = H.
| last3 = Lassar | first3 = A. B.
| title = Expression of a single transfected cDNA converts fibroblasts to myoblasts
| journal = Cell
| volume = 51
| issue = 6
| pages = 987–1000
| year = 1987
| pmid = 3690668
| doi=10.1016/0092-8674(87)90585-x
| s2cid = 37741454
}}</ref>
*Fibroblasts → melanocytes ([[MITF]])<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Tachibana | first1 = M.
| last2 = Takeda | first2 = K.
| last3 = Nobukuni | first3 = Y.
| last4 = Urabe | first4 = K.
| last5 = Long | first5 = J. E.
| last6 = Meyers | first6 = K. A.
| last7 = Aaronson | first7 = S. A.
| last8 = Miki | first8 = T.
| doi = 10.1038/ng0996-50
| title = Ectopic expression of MITF, a gene for Waardenburg syndrome type 2, converts fibroblasts to cells with melanocyte characteristics
| journal = Nature Genetics
| volume = 14
| issue = 1
| pages = 50–54
| year = 1996
| pmid = 8782819
| pmc =
| s2cid = 205342756
| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1233399
}}</ref>
*Glial cells → neurons ([[PAX6|Pax6]])<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Heins | first1 = N.
| last2 = Malatesta | first2 = P.
| last3 = Cecconi | first3 = F.
| last4 = Nakafuku | first4 = M.
| last5 = Tucker | first5 = K. L.
| last6 = Hack | first6 = M. A.
| last7 = Chapouton | first7 = P.
| last8 = Barde | first8 = Y. A.
| last9 = Götz | first9 = M.
| doi = 10.1038/nn828
| title = Glial cells generate neurons: The role of the transcription factor Pax6
| journal = Nature Neuroscience
| volume = 5
| issue = 4
| pages = 308–315
| year = 2002
| pmid = 11896398
| pmc =
| s2cid = 24021203
}}</ref>
*Erythorid-megakaryocytic cells → monocytic cells ([[SPI1|SPI1/PU.1]])<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Nerlov | first1 = C.
| last2 = Graf | first2 = T.
| title = PU.1 induces myeloid lineage commitment in multipotent hematopoietic progenitors
| journal = Genes & Development
| volume = 12
| issue = 15
| pages = 2403–2412
| year = 1998
| pmid = 9694804
| pmc = 317050
| doi=10.1101/gad.12.15.2403
}}</ref>
*B-cell progenitors → functional macrophages ([[Ccaat-enhancer-binding proteins|C/EBPα]])<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Xie | first1 = H.
| last2 = Ye | first2 = M.
| last3 = Feng | first3 = R.
| last4 = Graf | first4 = T.
| title = Stepwise reprogramming of B cells into macrophages
| journal = Cell
| volume = 117
| issue = 5
| pages = 663–676
| year = 2004
| pmid = 15163413 | doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00419-2
| doi-access = free
}}</ref>
*Rat hepatic cell line → insulin-producing cells ([[Pdx1]] and [[Neurogenins|Ngn3]])<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Si-Tayeb | first1 = K.
| last2 = Noto | first2 = F. K.
| last3 = Sepac | first3 = A.
| last4 = Sedlic | first4 = F.
| last5 = Bosnjak | first5 = Z. J.
| last6 = Lough | first6 = J. W.
| last7 = Duncan | first7 = S. A.
| title = Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by simple transient transfection of plasmid DNA encoding reprogramming factors
| doi = 10.1186/1471-213X-10-81
| journal = BMC Developmental Biology
| volume = 10
| pages = 81
| year = 2010
| pmid = 20682060
| pmc =2923111
| doi-access = free
}}</ref>
*Fibroblasts → macrophage-like cells (PU.1 and C/EBPα or C/EBPβ)<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Feng | first1 = R.
| last2 = Desbordes | first2 = S. C.
| last3 = Xie | first3 = H.
| last4 = Tillo | first4 = E. S.
| last5 = Pixley | first5 = F.
| last6 = Stanley | first6 = E. R.
| last7 = Graf | first7 = T.
| doi = 10.1073/pnas.0711961105
| title = PU.1 and C/EBP / convert fibroblasts into macrophage-like cells
| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
| volume = 105
| issue = 16
| pages = 6057–6062
| year = 2008
| pmid = 18424555
| pmc =2327209
| doi-access = free
}}</ref>
*Postnatal cardiac and dermal fibroblasts → cardiomyocytes ([[GATA4|Gata4]], myocyte enhancer factor 2C, and [[TBX5 (gene)|Tbx5]])<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Ieda | first1 = M.
| last2 = Fu | first2 = J. D.
| last3 = Delgado-Olguin | first3 = P.
| last4 = Vedantham | first4 = V.
| last5 = Hayashi | first5 = Y.
| last6 = Bruneau | first6 = B. G.
| last7 = Srivastava | first7 = D.
| doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2010.07.002
| title = Direct Reprogramming of Fibroblasts into Functional Cardiomyocytes by Defined Factors
| journal = Cell
| volume = 142
| issue = 3
| pages = 375–386
| year = 2010
| pmid = 20691899
| pmc =2919844
}}</ref>
*Fibroblasts → heptaocyte-like cells (Gata4, Hnf1alpha, and [[FOXA3|Foxa3]])<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Huang | first1 = P.
| last2 = He | first2 = Z.
| last3 = Ji | first3 = S.
| last4 = Sun | first4 = H.
| last5 = Xiang | first5 = D.
| last6 = Liu | first6 = C.
| last7 = Hu | first7 = Y.
| last8 = Wang | first8 = X.
| last9 = Hui | first9 = L.
| doi = 10.1038/nature10116
| title = Induction of functional hepatocyte-like cells from mouse fibroblasts by defined factors
| journal = Nature
| volume = 475
| issue = 7356
| pages = 386–389
| year = 2011
| pmid = 21562492
| pmc =
| s2cid = 1115749
}}</ref> or (Hnf4alpha and [[FOXA1|Foxa1]], [[FOXA2|Foxa2]] or Foxa3)<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Sekiya | first1 = S.
| last2 = Suzuki | first2 = A.
| doi = 10.1038/nature10263
| title = Direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts to hepatocyte-like cells by defined factors
| journal = Nature
| volume = 475
| issue = 7356
| pages = 390–393
| year = 2011
| pmid = 21716291
| pmc =
| s2cid = 205225695
}}</ref>
*Fibroblasts → neurons (Ascl1, Pou3f2/Brn2, and Myt1l)<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Vierbuchen | first1 = T.
| last2 = Ostermeier | first2 = A.
| last3 = Pang | first3 = Z. P.
| last4 = Kokubu | first4 = Y.
| last5 = Südhof | first5 = T. C.
| last6 = Wernig | first6 = M.
| doi = 10.1038/nature08797
| title = Direct conversion of fibroblasts to functional neurons by defined factors
| journal = Nature
| volume = 463
| issue = 7284
| pages = 1035–1041
| year = 2010
| pmid = 20107439
| pmc =2829121
| bibcode = 2010Natur.463.1035V
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Adler | first1 = A. F.
| last2 = Grigsby | first2 = C. L.
| last3 = Kulangara | first3 = K.
| last4 = Wang | first4 = H.
| last5 = Yasuda | first5 = R.
| last6 = Leong | first6 = K. W.
| doi = 10.1038/mtna.2012.25
| title = Nonviral Direct Conversion of Primary Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts to Neuronal Cells
| journal = Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids
| volume = 1
| issue = 7
| pages = e32–
| year = 2012
| pmid = 23344148
| pmc =3411320
}}</ref>
*Human fibroblasts → neurons (Ascl1, Brn2, Mytl1, and NeuroD)<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Pang | first1 = Z. P.
| last2 = Yang | first2 = N.
| last3 = Vierbuchen | first3 = T.
| last4 = Ostermeier | first4 = A.
| last5 = Fuentes | first5 = D. R.
| last6 = Yang | first6 = T. Q.
| last7 = Citri | first7 = A.
| last8 = Sebastiano | first8 = V.
| last9 = Marro | first9 = S.
| last10 = Südhof
| doi = 10.1038/nature10202 | first10 = T. C.
| last11 = Wernig | first11 = M.
| title = Induction of human neuronal cells by defined transcription factors
| journal = Nature
| volume = 476
| issue = 7359
| pages = 220–223
| year = 2011
| pmid = 21617644
| pmc =3159048
| bibcode = 2011Natur.476..220P
}}</ref> or (miR-9/9-124, Neurod2, Ascl1, and Myt1l)<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Yoo | first1 = A. S.
| last2 = Sun | first2 = A. X.
| last3 = Li | first3 = L.
| last4 = Shcheglovitov | first4 = A.
| last5 = Portmann | first5 = T.
| last6 = Li | first6 = Y.
| last7 = Lee-Messer | first7 = C.
| last8 = Dolmetsch | first8 = R. E.
| last9 = Tsien | first9 = R. W.
| doi = 10.1038/nature10323
| last10 = Crabtree | first10 = G. R.
| title = MicroRNA-mediated conversion of human fibroblasts to neurons
| journal = Nature
| volume = 476
| issue = 7359
| pages = 228–231
| year = 2011
| pmid = 21753754
| pmc =3348862
| bibcode = 2011Natur.476..228Y
}}</ref>
*Human fibroblasts → functional neurons ([[mir-124 microRNA precursor family|miR-124]], Myt1l and Brn2)<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Ambasudhan | first1 = R.
| last2 = Talantova | first2 = M.
| last3 = Coleman | first3 = R.
| last4 = Yuan | first4 = X.
| last5 = Zhu | first5 = S.
| last6 = Lipton | first6 = S. A.
| last7 = Ding | first7 = S.
| doi = 10.1016/j.stem.2011.07.002
| title = Direct Reprogramming of Adult Human Fibroblasts to Functional Neurons under Defined Conditions
| journal = Cell Stem Cell
| volume = 9
| issue = 2
| pages = 113–118
| year = 2011
| pmid = 21802386
| pmc =4567246
}}</ref>
*Fibroblasts → dopaminergic neurons ([[ASCL1|Ascl1]], Brn2, Myt1l, Lmx1a, and FoxA2)<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Pfisterer | first1 = U.
| last2 = Kirkeby | first2 = A.
| last3 = Torper | first3 = O.
| last4 = Wood | first4 = J.
| last5 = Nelander | first5 = J.
| last6 = Dufour | first6 = A.
| last7 = Bjorklund | first7 = A.
| last8 = Lindvall | first8 = O.
| last9 = Jakobsson | first9 = J.
| doi = 10.1073/pnas.1105135108
| last10 = Parmar | first10 = M.
| title = Direct conversion of human fibroblasts to dopaminergic neurons
| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
| volume = 108
| issue = 25
| pages = 10343–10348
| year = 2011
| pmid = 21646515
| pmc =3121829
| doi-access = free
| bibcode = 2011PNAS..10810343P
}}</ref> or (Ascl1, Nurr1, and Lmx1a) <ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Caiazzo | first1 = M.
| last2 = Dell'Anno | first2 = M. T.
| last3 = Dvoretskova | first3 = E.
| last4 = Lazarevic | first4 = D.
| last5 = Taverna | first5 = S.
| last6 = Leo | first6 = D.
| last7 = Sotnikova | first7 = T. D.
| last8 = Menegon | first8 = A.
| last9 = Roncaglia | first9 = P.
| last10 = Colciago
| doi = 10.1038/nature10284 | first10 = G.
| last11 = Russo | first11 = G.
| last12 = Carninci | first12 = P.
| last13 = Pezzoli | first13 = G.
| last14 = Gainetdinov | first14 = R. R.
| last15 = Gustincich | first15 = S.
| last16 = Dityatev | first16 = A.
| last17 = Broccoli | first17 = V.
| title = Direct generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from mouse and human fibroblasts
| journal = Nature
| volume = 476
| issue = 7359
| pages = 224–227
| year = 2011
| pmid = 21725324
| pmc =
| bibcode = 2011Natur.476..224C
| s2cid = 4344437
}}</ref>
*Astrocytes → dopaminergic neurons (Ascl1, Lmx1b, Nurr1)<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Addis | first1 = R. C.
| last2 = Hsu | first2 = F. C.
| last3 = Wright | first3 = R. L.
| last4 = Dichter | first4 = M. A.
| last5 = Coulter | first5 = D. A.
| last6 = Gearhart | first6 = J. D.
| editor1-last = Muotri
| editor1-first = Alysson Renato
| title = Efficient Conversion of Astrocytes to Functional Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Using a Single Polycistronic Vector
| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0028719
| journal = PLOS ONE
| volume = 6
| issue = 12
| pages = e28719
| year = 2011
| pmid = 22174877
| pmc =3235158
| doi-access = free
| bibcode = 2011PLoSO...628719A
}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Transdifferentiation]]
*[[Induced stem cells]]
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Histology]]
[[Category:Induced stem cells]]