View source for Fårö

{{Short description|Island in the Baltic Sea}}
{{Distinguish|Faroe Islands|Faro (disambiguation){{!}}Faro}}
{{Infobox islands
|name                            = Fårö<br />''Fåre'' or ''Faroy''&nbsp;{{small|([[Gutnish language|Gutnish]])}}
|native_name                     =
|image_name                      = Rauks (3881539849).jpg
|image_caption                   = [[Rauk]]s at Langhammars, Fårö
|image_size                      =
|map                             = Sweden Gotland
|label                           = Fårö
|label_position                  = left
|map_caption                     = Gotland (Sweden)
|country                         = Sweden
|country_admin_divisions_title   = County
|country_admin_divisions         = [[Gotland County]]
|country_admin_divisions_title_1 = Municipality
|country_admin_divisions_1       = [[Gotland Municipality]]
|waterbody                       = [[Baltic Sea]]
|elevation_m                     =
|elevation_footnotes             =
|prominence                      =
|coordinates                     = {{coord|57|57|N|19|09|E|type:isle_region:SE_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
|length_km                       =
|width_km                        =
|area_km2                        = 113.30
|area_footnotes                  = <ref name=numbers>{{cite web|title=Gotland i siffror 2015|trans-title=Gotland in numbers 2015|url=http://www.gotland.se/64224|website=www.gotland.se|publisher=[[Gotland Municipality]]|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130042935/http://gotland.se/64224|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=scb>{{cite web|url=http://www.scb.se/statistik/_publikationer/OV0904_2011A01_BR_02_A01BR1101.pdf |title=Statistisk årsbok 2011 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=sv |page=12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113135944/http://www.scb.se/statistik/_publikationer/OV0904_2011A01_BR_02_A01BR1101.pdf |archive-date=13 January 2012 |access-date=5 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Westrin|editor-first=Theodor |editor-link=Theodor Westrin|encyclopedia=[[Nordisk familjebok]]|title=Fårö|page=205|date=908|edition=9 (Uggleupplagan)|url=https://runeberg.org/nfbi/0121.html}}</ref>
|population                      = 505
|population_as_of                = 2021
|population_footnotes            = <ref name="Demografen">{{cite web |title=Demografen |url=http://demografen.gotland.se/ |website=demografen.gotland.se |publisher=Region Gotland}}</ref>
}}
'''Fårö''' ({{IPA|sv|ˈfôːrøː}}) or '''{{Lang|mis|Fåre}}''' in [[Gutnish]]<ref>Gunilla Brogren: ''Um Fåre u Fåreboar pa fåröiskå'', Fårö hembygdsförening 2013 ISBN 9789198054712</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gutamal.org/ordlista/?ord=F%C3%A5r%C3%B6&sok=S%C3%B6k&sprak=svenska&urval=start | title=Gutamålsgillets Årdliste / Ordlista | date=14 October 2012 }}</ref> is a [[Baltic Sea]] island just north of the island of [[Gotland]], itself off mainland [[Sweden]]'s southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the county and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, [[Fårömål dialect|Faroymal]], a dialect of [[Gutnish]].
Fårö is also the name of the populated area ({{lang|sv|[[socken]]}}) consisting of both Fårö and [[Gotska Sandön]] islands.<ref>The exact extent of the socken, now district, can be obtained by clicking on ''Kartinställningar'' and check the ''Socken'' box in the menu of [http://www.fmis.raa.se/cocoon/fornsok/search.html?parish=920&tab=2&page=1 this map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830005037/http://www.fmis.raa.se/cocoon/fornsok/search.html?parish=920&tab=2&page=1 |date=2018-08-30 }} from the [[Swedish National Heritage Board]] database.</ref> It comprises the same area as the [[Registration districts in Sweden|administrative]] Fårö District, established on 1{{nbsp}}January 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Förordning om district|trans-title=Regulation of districts|url=http://rkrattsdb.gov.se/SFSdoc/15/150493.PDF|date=17 June 2015|publisher=[[Ministry of Finance (Sweden)|Ministry of Finance]]|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:Gotland-Fårö-kyrka 01.jpg|thumb|175px|left|Fårö Church]]
The island is separated from Gotland by the narrow Fårö-strait, and connected by two [[Ferry|car ferries]], operated by the [[Swedish Transport Administration]]. It has a total area of {{convert|111.35|sqkm|sqmi|2|abbr=off}}, of which {{convert|9.7|sqkm|sqmi|1|abbr=off}} are water areas or [[islet]]s.
On the islands of Fårö and Gotland are rock formations called [[rauk]]. They are a result of erosion during the [[Ice age]] and are unique to Gotland and Fårö.
The medieval [[Fårö Church]] is on Fårö.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lagerlöf|first1=Erland|last2=Svahnström|first2=Gunnar|title=Gotlands kyrkor|trans-title=Gotland's Churches|language=sv|id={{LIBRIS|7232718}}|date=1973|publisher=[[Rabén & Sjögren]]|location=Stockholm|isbn=91-29-41035-5|pages=144}}</ref> {{As of|2019}}, Fårö Church along with [[Gotska Sandön Chapel]] on [[Gotska Sandön]] belongs to Fårö [[Parishes of the Church of Sweden|parish]] in Norra Gotlands [[pastorat]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Församlingar på Gotland |url=https://www.svenskakyrkan.se/visbystift/f |website=www.svenskakyrkan.se |publisher=[[Church of Sweden]] |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Visby stifts indelning 2018 |url=https://www.svenskakyrkan.se/default.aspx?id=1714164 |website=www.svenskakyrkan.se |publisher=[[Church of Sweden]] |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref>
One of the [[asteroid]]s in the [[Asteroid belt]], [[List of minor planets: 9001–10000|9358 Fårö]], is [[List of Gotland related asteroids|named]] after the island.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9358|title=9358 Faro (1992 DN7)|access-date=6 June 2016|publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>
==Etymology==
The name ''Fårö'' (in [[Modern Gutnish|Gutnish]] {{wikt-lang|gmq-x-gut|Faroy}}) is derived from the words {{wikt-lang|sv|ö}}, meaning island, and probably {{lang|sv|far-}}, which is a [[word stem]] associated with travel like in the Swedish verb {{wikt-lang|sv|fara}} ('to travel'). The word ''Fårö'' likely means 'the island one has to travel to' or 'the traveler's island'. Mainland Swedes might misinterpret the name Fårö to be derived from {{wikt-lang|sv|får}}, the (standard) Swedish word for [[sheep]], due to the many sheep on the island. That word is absent from [[Modern Gutnish]], which uses the word {{wikt-lang|gmq-x-gut|lamm}} (which in Swedish means 'lamb').<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Wahlberg |editor-first=Mats|title=Svenskt ortnamnslexikon|date=2003|publisher=[[Swedish Institute for Language and Folklore]] (SOFI)|location=Uppsala|language=sv|page= 85|isbn=917229020X|id={{LIBRIS|8998039}}
}}</ref>
==Demographics==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Total Population of Fårö<ref name="Demografen"/>
|-
! Year !! Population
|-
| 1985 || 614
|-
| 1986  || 630
|-
| 1987 || -
|-
| 1988 || 641
|-
| 1989 || 629
|-
| 1990 || 641
|-
| 1991 || 644
|-
| 1992 ||  653
|-
| 1993 || 659
|-
| 1994 || 646
|-
| 1995 || 643
|-
| 1996 || 646
|-
| 1997 || 630
|-
| 1998 || 618
|-
| 1999 || 614
|-
| 2000 || 612
|-
| 2001 || 594
|-
| 2002 || 599
|-
| 2003 || 584
|-
| 2004 || 573
|-
| 2005 || 578
|-
| 2006 || 573
|-
| 2007 || 578
|-
| 2008 || 573
|-
| 2009 || 569
|-
| 2010 || 548
|-
| 2011 || 533
|-
| 2012 || 551
|-
| 2013 || 527
|-
| 2014 || 524
|-
| 2015 || 504
|-
| 2016 || 498
|-
| 2017 || 498
|-
| 2018 || 501
|-
| 2019 || 497
|-
| 2020 || 492
|-
| 2021 || 505
|}
==Military past==
{{Main|Military on Gotland}}
[[Carl Linnaeus]] spent two days in 1741 in Fårö during the expedition in which he surveyed the strategic and military resources of Gotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Blunt |first=Wilfrid |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/189323 |title=The Compleat Naturalist: A Life of Linnaeus |date=1971 |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=0-670-23396-X |location=New York |oclc=189323}}</ref>
Until the 1990s, Fårö and the North of Gotland were off-limits to foreigners because of a government military installation there.<ref name="travel.nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/travel/07cultured.html?pagewanted=print|work=The New York Times|first=Danielle|last=Pergament|title=The Enchanted Island That Bergman Called Home|date=7 October 2007}}</ref> There were large, multilingual signs at the side of the roads informing visitors of this and the prohibition was strictly enforced. After the [[Cold War]] ended, the installation ([[Swedish Coastal Artillery]] regiment KA 3) was mostly shut down. A relic of the island's military past is a {{convert|203|m|ft}} tall radio mast at Holmudden at {{Coord|57|57|33|N|19|20|46|E|display=inline}}.
==Cinematic heritage==
Swedish filmmaker [[Ingmar Bergman]] lived and died on Fårö and several of his films were filmed there, among them ''[[Through a Glass Darkly (film)|Through a Glass Darkly]]'' (1961), ''[[Persona (1966 film)|Persona]]'' (1966), ''[[Hour of the Wolf]]'' (1968), ''[[Shame (1968 film)|Shame]]'' (1968), ''[[The Passion of Anna]]'' (1969), and ''[[Scenes from a Marriage]]'' (1973),<ref name="travel.nytimes.com"/> as well as [[Liv Ullmann]]’s ''[[Faithless (2000 film)|Faithless]]'' (2000), based on a Bergman screenplay. The [[Bergman Week]] is a tribute to the filmmaker held on the island every June.<ref name=Boston>{{cite news|last1=Peary|first1=Gerald|title=For movie fans, an island getaway beckons|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2010/07/11/bergman_week_and_a_shrine_to_the_late_filmmaker_await_on_fr_sweden/|newspaper=Boston.com|date=11 July 2010|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> Fårö itself is the subject of Bergman's documentary films ''[[Fårö Document]]'' (1970) and ''Fårö Document 1979''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Steene |first=Birgitta|title=Ingmar Bergman: A Reference Guide |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |date=2005 |isbn=9053564063 |page=418}}</ref>
[[Andrei Tarkovsky]] wanted to film ''[[The Sacrifice (1986 film)|The Sacrifice]]'' on Fårö but was denied access by the military, so it was filmed further south on [[Gotland]] at [[När]] instead.
[[Mia Hansen-Løve]] filmed and set her film ''[[Bergman Island (2021 film)|Bergman Island]]'' (2021) on Fårö.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/film-tv/article/38801/1/faro-island-bergman-mia-hansen-love-greta-gerwig|title=Why Mia Hansen-Løve is making a movie about Bergman Island|website=[[Dazed]]|first=Nick|last=Chen|date=January 30, 2018|access-date=November 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BmQSv8ZDoRV/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BmQSv8ZDoRV |archive-date=2021-12-24 |url-access=limited|title=The production of the French/Swedish/Belgian film Bergman Island is now on! Fårö is the location.|website=[[Instagram]]|date=August 9, 2018|access-date=November 21, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
==Tourism==
An annual event on Fårö is "Fårönatta" (Fårö Night), held in September, during which restaurants and bars stay open all night, craft stands are set up and the church holds a midnight Mass.<ref name="travel.nytimes.com"/>
== Places of interest ==
<!-- Alphabetically -->
[[File:Gotland,_Faro_Island,_Faro_Lighthouse_(Faro_Fyr),_September_2013.jpg|thumb|Fårö Fyr]]
[[File:Sudersand.jpg|thumb|Sudersand]]
=== Digerhuvud ===
The Digerhuvud coast with Bjärge [[nature reserve]] is the largest [[Stack (geology)|stack]] area in Sweden, with hundreds of stacks along a {{convert|3.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} part of the coast. Close by is the Helgumannen fishing village.<ref>{{cite web|title=Digerhuvud|url=http://www.gotland.net/plats/digerhuvud|website=www.gotland.net|publisher=Gotlands Media AB|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Enderborg|first1=Bernt|title=Helgumannen fiskeläge|url=http://www.guteinfo.com/?id=585|website=www.guteinfo.com|publisher=Guteinfo|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> The coast is not suited for swimming due to its depth (up to {{convert|80|m|ft|abbr=off}} close to the shore), and its strong currents.
An [[asteroid]] in the [[Asteroid belt]], [[10102 Digerhuvud]], is [[List of Gotland related asteroids|named]] after the area.<ref>{{cite web|title=10102 Digerhuvud (1992 DA6)|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=10102|publisher=NASA|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref>
===Fårö Lighthouse===
The ''[[Fårö Lighthouse]]'' lies on the island's northeastern point. It is {{convert|30|m|ft|0|abbr=off}} high and was built between 1846 and 1847.
===Langhammars===
The Langhammars peninsula and the Langhammars nature reserve on north-western Fårö are rocky beaches with [[Ice age]] stone monoliths known as [[rauk]]s. Langhammars was the setting for [[Ingmar Bergman]]'s film ''[[Shame (1968 film)|Shame]]''.<ref name="travel.nytimes.com"/>
===Sudersand===
The long, sandy Sudersand beach on north-eastern Fårö lies next to Sudersands Semesterby which rents cabins to tourists.
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Fårö}}
*[http://digitaltmuseum.se/search?query=F%C3%A5r%C3%B6%20socken Objects from Fårö at the Digital Museum] by [[Nordic Museum]]
* [http://www.gotland.info/language/eng/gotland-faro-information.php Gotland Tourist Association — Fårö]
{{Gotland County}}
{{Islands in the Baltic Sea}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Faro}}
[[Category:Gotland]]
[[Category:Swedish islands in the Baltic]]
[[Category:Islands of Gotland County]]
[[Category:Military history of Sweden]]
[[Category:Cultural heritage of Sweden]]
[[Category:Ingmar Bergman]]