View source for FRD-903

{{Chembox<!-- QID=Q29387971 --><!-- copied from [[nl:2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid]] 2017-07-22 -->
| ImageFile = FRD-903.svg
| ImageSize = 220px
| ImageFile2 = FRD-903 3D BS.png
| ImageSize2 = 220px
| PIN = 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid
| OtherNames = Perfluoro-2-propoxypropanoic acid, [[hexafluoropropylene oxide]] dimer acid (HFPO-DA), C3 dimer acid
| Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers
| SMILES = C(=O)(C(C(F)(F)F)(OC(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)F)O
| InChI = 1S/C6HF11O3/c7-2(1(18)19,4(10,11)12)20-6(16,17)3(8,9)5(13,14)15/h(H,18,19)
| CASNo = 13252-13-6
| EINECS = 236-236-8
| PubChem = 114481
}}
| Section2={{Chembox Properties
|Appearance = Liquid <60 °C
| Density = 1.748 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (at 20 °C)
| MeltingPtC =
| Solubility = Soluble, 739&nbsp;g/L <ref>[https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-06/drinking-water-genx-2022.pdf Drinking Water Health Advisory] epa.gov</ref>
| pKa = 3.82
| C=6|H=1|F=11|O=3
}}
| Section5={{Chembox Hazards
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|314|335}}
}}
|Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|ExternalSDS = [https://www.caymanchem.com/product/37266/hexafluoropropylene-oxide-dimer-acid]
|GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}} {{GHS corrosion}}
|NFPA-H = 3
|NFPA-F = 2
|NFPA-R = 0
|FlashPtC = 60
}}
}}
'''FRD-903''' (also known as '''hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid''', '''HFPO-DA''', and '''2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid''') is a [[chemical compound]] that is among the class of [[per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances]] (PFASs). More specifically, this synthetic [[petrochemical]] is also described as a perfluoroalkyl [[ether]] [[carboxylic acid]] (PFECA) and a Fluorointermediate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gen-x/PFAS Information |url=https://www.brunswickcountync.gov/utilities/gen-x-pfas-information/ |publisher=Brunswick County, North Carolina |access-date=11 December 2021}}</ref> It is not biodegradable and is not [[hydrolysis|hydrolyzed]] by water.<ref>{{cite web|title=Justification for the selection of a substance for CoRAP inclusion|url=https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/d1ac7478-db8c-41c4-9c96-fc3df90f32da|access-date=23 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rivm.nl/Documenten_en_publicaties/Wetenschappelijk/Rapporten/2016/december/Evaluation_of_substances_used_in_the_GenX_technology_by_Chemours_Dordrecht|title=Evaluation of substances used in the GenX technology by Chemours, Dordrecht|last1=Beekman|first1=M.|last2=Zweers|first2=P.|date=2016-12-12|publisher=National Institute for Public Health and the Environment ([[RIVM]], The Netherlands)|access-date=2017-07-23|display-authors=1}}</ref>
== Production ==
The production process involves 2 molecules of [[hexafluoropropylene oxide]] (HFPO) to produce hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid fluoride (FRD-903). The [[ammonium]] [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] of FRD-903 is FRD-902 (ammonium (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate)), which is the specific chemical which [[Chemours]] has trademarked as part of [[GenX]] process.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theberkey.com/blogs/water-filter/genx-chemical-in-drinking-water-side-effects-and-health-risks-of-genx#:~:text=The%20process%20of%20making%20GenX,thereby%20making%20the%20HFPO%2DDA | title=GenX Chemical in Drinking Water: Side Effects and Health Risks of GenX | date=13 November 2023 }}</ref> FRD-903 is used as an aid within the manufacturing process for fluoropolymers by reducing the surface tension in the process, allowing polymer particles to increase in size. The process is completed with chemical treatment or heating to remove the FRD-903 from the final polymer product. It can then be recovered for re-use within the process.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.chemours.com/en/about-chemours/genx | title=What is GenX? &#124; Get the Facts }}</ref>
== Drinking water ==
In 2020, Michigan adopted drinking water standards for five previously unregulated PFAS compounds including HFPO-DA which has a [[maximum contaminant level]] (MCL) of 370 parts per trillion (ppt).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matheny |first=Keith |date=3 August 2020 |title=Michigan's drinking water standards for these chemicals now among toughest in nation |url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/08/03/tougher-pfas-standards-drinking-water-michigan/5574268002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131152306/https://eu.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/08/03/tougher-pfas-standards-drinking-water-michigan/5574268002/ |archive-date=31 January 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |website=Detroit Free Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2020 |title=New state drinking water standards pave way for expansion of Michigan's PFAS clean-up efforts |url=https://www.michigan.gov/egle/0,9429,7-135--535602--,00.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103083526/https://www.michigan.gov/egle/0,9429,7-135--535602--,00.html |archive-date=3 January 2022 |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=Michigan.gov}}</ref>
In March 2023, the EPA announced drinking water standards for several PFAS chemicals, which included FRD-903.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://saferstates.com/news/epa-announces-drinking-water-standards-for-six-individual-pfas-forever-chemicals/ | title=EPA announces drinking water standards for six individual PFAS "forever chemicals" }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aeaweb.org/forum/3587/proposes-national-primary-drinking-hearing-invites-comments | title=EPA Proposes PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Rule -- hearing (5/4), invites comments (By 5/30) - EconSpark }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Perfluorocarboxylic acids]]
[[Category:Ethers]]