View source for Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)

{{short description|Ministry of Education and Research of Germany}}
{{redirect|BMBF|another use|British Mountain Bike Federation}}
{{Infobox government agency
|agency_name     = Federal Ministry of Education and Research
|nativename      = ''Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)''
|logo            = BMBF_english.svg
|logo_width      = 260 px
|formed          = 20 October 1955 as ''Bundesministerium für Atomfragen''
|headquarters    = Heinemannstraße 2<br/>53175 [[Bonn]]
|coordinates     = {{coord|50.70342|N|7.13917|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}}
|preceding1      =
|employees       = 1000
|budget          = €20.799 billion (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundeshaushalt.de/#/2021/soll/ausgaben/einzelplan/30.html|title=Bundeshaushalt|website=www.bundeshaushalt.de|access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref>
|jurisdiction    = [[Government of Germany]]
|minister1_name  = [[Cem Özdemir]]
|minister1_pfo   = Federal Minister of Education and Research
|chief1_name     = [[Jens Brandenburg]]
|chief1_position = Parliamentary State Secretary
|chief2_name     = [[Thomas Sattelberger]]
|chief2_position = Parliamentary State Secretary
|chief3_name     = Kornelia Haugg
|chief3_position = Permanent State Secretary
|chief4_name     = Judith Pirscher
|chief4_position = Permanent State Secretary
|website         = {{URL|http://www.bmbf.de}}
|seal=|chief5_name=|chief5_position=|chief6_name=|chief6_position=|chief7_name=|chief7_position=|chief8_name=|chief8_position=|chief9_name=|chief9_position=|parent_department=}}
The '''Federal Ministry of Education and Research''' ({{langx|de|link=no|Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung}}, {{IPA|de|ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm fyːɐ̯ ˈbɪldʊŋ ʊnt ˈfɔʁʃʊŋ|pron|De-Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.ogg}}), abbreviated '''BMBF''', is a [[Cabinet of Germany|cabinet-level ministry]] of Germany. It is headquartered in [[Bonn]], with an office in [[Berlin]]. The Ministry provides funding for research projects and institutions (aiming for "research excellence"<ref>"Research excellence is a must in a country whose prosperity is built on the innovative strength of its industry. The aim of the High-Tech Strategy is to make Germany a leader in providing scientific and technical solutions to the challenges in the fields of climate/energy, health/nutrition, mobility, security, and communication." [https://www.bmbf.de/en/objectives-and-tasks-1409.html Ministry: Objectives and Tasks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904052510/https://www.bmbf.de/en/objectives-and-tasks-1409.html |date=2018-09-04 }}</ref>) and sets general educational policy. It also provides [[student loans]] in Germany. However, a large part of educational policy in Germany is decided at the [[States of Germany|state]] level, strongly limiting the influence of the ministry in educational matters.
==History==
The ''Federal Ministry for Atomic Issues'' was established in 1955, concentrating on research in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.<ref>{{cite web | language = de | url = https://www.fjs.de/der-politiker/aemter-funktionen/atomminister/ | title = Atomminister | access-date = 1 April 2022}}</ref> The ministry was renamed in 1962 to ''Federal Ministry of Scientific Research'', with a broader scope; it was renamed again, to ''Federal Ministry of Education and Science'', in 1969.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bmbf.de/bmbf/de/ueber-uns/das-bundesministerium-in-bonn-und-berlin/das-bundesministerium-in-bonn-und-berlin_node.html | title = Die Dienstsitze in Bonn und Berlin | language = de | access-date = 1 April 2022}}</ref>
A separate ministry, the ''Federal Ministry of Research and Technology'', was established in 1972. The two Ministries merged in 1994 to form the ''Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology''; this title was shortened to ''Federal Ministry for Education and Research'' in 1998.
==Organization==
[[File:Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Bonn.jpg|thumb|left|Ministry of Education and Research headquarters building, Bonn]]
The BMBF currently has eight directorates-general (as at November 2020). These are in addition to the central directorate-general that is responsible for administrative tasks:<ref>{{cite web
|url          = https://www.bmbf.de/en/political-staff-and-organization-1403.html
|title        = Organizational Chart of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research
|publisher    = BMBF
|access-date  = 2020-11-26
|format       = pdf
|pages        = 1
|archive-date = 2020-11-25
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20201125172253/https://www.bmbf.de/en/political-staff-and-organization-1403.html
|url-status   = dead
}}</ref>
* Directorate-General 1: Policy Issues and Strategies
* Directorate-General 2: European and International Cooperation in Education and Research
* Directorate-General 3: General Education and Vocational Training; Lifelong Learning
* Directorate-General 4: Higher Education and Research System
* Directorate-General 5: Research for Technological Sovereignty and Innovation
* Directorate-General 6: Life Sciences
* Directorate-General 7: Provision for the Future - Basic Research and Research for Sustainable Development
Each directorate-general consists of one or two subdivisions and 10 to 15 units. The greater part of the subdivisions is located in Bonn, the smaller part in Berlin. The BMBF has around 1000 employees. The head of the BMBF is formed by two parliamentary secretaries and two permanent state secretaries in addition to the minister.
==Federal Ministers==
'''Political Party:'''
{{legend2|{{party color|CDU/CSU}}|[[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}|[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}|[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=2| Name<br /><small>(Born-Died)</small>
! Portrait
! Party
! colspan=2| Term of Office
! [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]]<br /><small>(Cabinet)</small>
|-
! style="background:#EEEEFF" colspan="7" | Federal Minister for Atomic Affairs {{small|(1955–1957)}}<br>Federal Minister for Nuclear Energy and Water Management {{small|(1957–1961)}}<br>Federal Minister for Nuclear Energy {{small|(1961–1962)}}<br>Federal Minister for Scientific Research {{small|(1962–1969)}} <br/>Federal Minister for Education and Science {{small|(1969–1994)}}
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Christian Social Union in Bavaria}}; color:white;" | 1
| '''[[Franz Josef Strauß]]'''<br/><small>(1915–1988)</small>
| [[File:Verteidigungsminister Franz Josef Strauß (4909816836).jpg|85px]]
| [[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]]
| 20 October 1955
| 16 October 1956
| [[Konrad Adenauer|Adenauer]]<br/><small>([[Second Schröder cabinet|II]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Christian Social Union in Bavaria}}; color:white;" | 2
| '''[[Siegfried Balke]]'''<br/><small>(1902–1984)</small>
| [[File:Rittner Dr Siegfried Balke 1969.jpg|85px]]
| [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]
| 16 October 1956
| 14 December 1962
| [[Konrad Adenauer|Adenauer]]<br/><small>([[Second Adenauer cabinet|II]] • [[Third Adenauer cabinet|III]] • [[Fourth Adenauer cabinet|IV]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|FDP}}; color:blue;" | 3
| '''[[:de:Hans Lenz (Politiker, 1907)|Hans Lenz]]'''<br/><small>(1907–1968)</small>
| [[File:Lenz, Hans cropped (Kiel 33.317).jpg|85px]]
| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
| 14 December 1962
| 26 October 1965
| [[Konrad Adenauer|Adenauer]]<br/><small>([[Fourth Adenauer cabinet|IV]])</small><br/>[[Ludwig Erhard|Erhard]]<br/><small>([[First Erhard cabinet|I]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}}; color:white;" | 4
| '''[[Gerhard Stoltenberg]]'''<br/><small>(1928–2001)</small>
| [[File:Verteidigungsminister Dr. Gerhard Stoltenberg (4909220253).jpg|85px]]
| [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]
| 26 October 1965
| 22 October 1969
| [[Ludwig Erhard|Erhard]]<br/><small>([[Second Erhard cabinet|II]])</small><br/>[[Kurt Georg Kiesinger|Kiesinger]]<br/><small>([[Kiesinger cabinet|I]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 5
| '''[[Hans Leussink]]'''<br/><small>(1912–2008)</small>
|
| None
| 22 October 1969
| 15 March 1972
| [[Willy Brandt|Brandt]]<br/><small>([[First Erhard cabinet|I]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;" | 6
| '''[[Klaus von Dohnanyi]]'''<br/><small>(born 1928)</small>
| [[File:Klaus von Dohnanyi 1978 (cropped).jpg|85px]]
| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| 15 March 1972
| 17 May 1974
| [[Willy Brandt|Brandt]]<br/><small>([[First Erhard cabinet|I]] • [[Second Erhard cabinet|II]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;" | 7
| '''[[Helmut Rohde]]'''<br/><small>(1925–2016)</small>
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F047045-0003, Mannheim, SPD-Parteitag, Helmut Rohde.jpg|85px]]
| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| 17 May 1974
| 16 February 1978
| [[Helmut Schmidt|Schmidt]]<br/><small>([[First Schmidt cabinet|I]] • [[Second Schmidt cabinet|II]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;" | 8
| '''[[Jürgen Schmude]]'''<br/><small>(born 1936)</small>
| [[File:Jürgen Schmude-01-2.jpg|85px]]
| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| 16 February 1978
| 28 January 1981
| [[Helmut Schmidt|Schmidt]]<br/><small>([[Second Schmidt cabinet|II]] • [[Third Schmidt cabinet|III]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;" | 9
| '''[[Björn Engholm]]'''<br/><small>(born 1939)</small>
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F080691-0010, Björn Engholm (cropped).jpg|85px]]
| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| 28 January 1981
| 4 October 1982
| [[Helmut Schmidt|Schmidt]]<br/><small>([[Third Schmidt cabinet|III]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}}; color:white;" | 10
| '''[[Dorothee Wilms]]'''<br/><small>(born 1929)</small>
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F074179-0011, Bonn, Ministerin Wilms.jpg|85px]]
| [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]
| 4 October 1982
| 12 March 1987
| [[Helmut Kohl|Kohl]]<br/><small>([[First Kohl cabinet|I]] • [[Second Kohl cabinet|II]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}; color:blue;" | 11
| '''[[Jürgen Möllemann]]'''<br/><small>(1945–2003)</small>
| [[File:Jürgen Möllemann 2002 (cropped).jpeg|85px]]
| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
| 12 March 1987
| 18 January 1991
| [[Helmut Kohl|Kohl]]<br/><small>([[Third Kohl cabinet|III]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}; color:blue;" | 12
| '''[[Rainer Ortleb]]'''<br/><small>(born 1944)</small>
| [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-0309-322, Rainer Ortleb.jpg|85px]]
| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
| 18 January 1991
| 4 February 1994
| [[Helmut Kohl|Kohl]]<br/><small>([[Fourth Kohl cabinet|IV]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}; color:blue;" | 13
| '''[[:de:Karl-Hans Laermann|Karl-Hans Laermann]]'''<br/><small>(1929–2024)</small>
|
| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
| 4 February 1994
| 17 November 1994
| [[Helmut Kohl|Kohl]]<br/><small>([[Fourth Kohl cabinet|IV]])</small>
|-
! style="background:#EEEEFF" colspan="7" | Federal Minister for Education, Science, Research and Technology
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;" | 1
| '''[[Horst Ehmke]]'''<br/><small>(1927–2017)</small>
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F041575-0018, Horst Ehmke bei Pressekonferenz.jpg|85px]]
| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| 15 December 1972
| 17 May 1974
| [[Willy Brandt|Brandt]]<br/><small>([[Second Erhard cabinet|II]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;" | 2
| '''[[Hans Matthöfer]]'''<br/><small>(1925–2009)</small>
|  [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F048639-0031, Dortmund, SPD-Parteitag, Hans Matthöfer.jpg|85px]]
|  [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| 17 May 1974
| 16 February 1978
|  [[Helmut Schmidt|Schmidt]]<br/><small>([[First Schmidt cabinet|I]] • [[Second Schmidt cabinet|II]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;" | 3
| '''[[Volker Hauff]]'''<br/><small>(born 1940)</small>
| [[File:1986 Volker Hauff 800.jpg|85px]]
| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| 16 February 1978
| 5 November 1980
| [[Helmut Schmidt|Schmidt]]<br/><small>([[Second Schmidt cabinet|II]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;" | 4
| '''[[Andreas von Bülow]]'''<br/><small>(born 1937)</small>
| [[File:Andreas Von Bülow Axis for Peace 2005-11-17.jpg|85px]]
| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| 5 November 1980
| 4 October 1982
| [[Helmut Schmidt|Schmidt]]<br/><small>([[Third Schmidt cabinet|III]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}}; color:white;" | 5
| '''[[Heinz Riesenhuber]]'''<br/><small>(born 1935)</small>
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F073619-0010, Mainz, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Riesenhuber.jpg|85px]]
| [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]
| 4 October 1982
| 21 January 1993
|  [[Helmut Kohl|Kohl]]<br/><small>([[First Kohl cabinet|I]] • [[Second Kohl cabinet|II]] • [[Third Schmidt cabinet|III]] • [[Fourth Kohl cabinet|IV]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}}; color:white;" | 6
| '''[[Matthias Wissmann]]'''<br/><small>(born 1949)</small>
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F054635-0027, Ludwigshafen, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Wissmann.jpg|85px]]
| [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]
| 21 January 1993
| 13 May 1993
| [[Helmut Kohl|Kohl]]<br/><small>([[Fourth Kohl cabinet|IV]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}}; color:white;" | 7
| '''{{ill|Paul Krüger (politician)|lt=Paul Krüger|de|Paul Krüger (Politiker, 1950)}}'''<br/><small>(born 1950)</small>
| [[File:Paul Krüger 2012 (8212701461).jpg|85px]]
| [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]
| 13 May 1993
| 17 November 1994
| [[Helmut Kohl|Kohl]]<br/><small>([[Fourth Kohl cabinet|IV]])</small>
|-
! style="background:#EEEEFF" colspan="7" | Federal Minister for Education, Science, Research and Technology {{small|(1994–1998)}}<br/>Federal Minister for Education and Research {{small|(1998–present)}}
|-
! style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}}; color:white;" | 14/8
| '''[[Jürgen Rüttgers]]'''<br/><small>(born 1951)</small>
| [[Image:Juergen Ruettgers.jpg|85px]]
| [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]
| 17 November 1994
| 26 October 1998
| [[Helmut Kohl|Kohl]]<br/><small>([[Fifth Kohl cabinet|V]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}; color:white;" | 15/9
| '''[[Edelgard Bulmahn]]'''<br/><small>(born 1951)</small>
| [[Image:2014-09-09 - Edelgard Bulmahn MdB - 7159.jpg|85px]]
| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
| 26 October 1998
| 22 November 2005
| [[Gerhard Schröder|Schröder]]<br/><small>([[First Schröder cabinet|I]] • [[Second Schröder cabinet|II]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}}; color:white;" | 16/10
| '''[[Annette Schavan]]'''<br/><small>(born 1955)</small>
| [[Image:Schavan 2010.jpg|85px]]
| [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]
| 22 November 2005
| 14 February 2013
| [[Angela Merkel|Merkel]]<br/><small>([[First Merkel cabinet|I]] • [[Second Merkel cabinet|II]])</small>
|-
|-
! style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}}; color:white;" | 17/11
| '''[[Johanna Wanka]]'''<br/><small>(born 1951)</small>
| [[Image:Johanna Wanka MWK 2.jpg|85px]]
| [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]
| 14 February 2013
| 14 March 2018
| [[Angela Merkel|Merkel]]<br/><small>([[Second Merkel cabinet|II]] • [[Third Merkel cabinet|III]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}}; color:white;" | 18/12
| '''[[Anja Karliczek]]'''<br/><small>(born 1971)</small>
| [[Image:Karliczek, Anja-1612.jpg|85px]]
| [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]
| 14 March 2018
| 8 December 2021
| [[Angela Merkel|Merkel]]<br/><small>([[Fourth Merkel cabinet|IV]])</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}; color:blue;" | 19/13
| '''[[Bettina Stark-Watzinger]]'''<br/><small>(born 1968)</small>
| [[Image:2018-05-10 Bettina Stark-Watzinger-7710.jpg|85px]]
| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
| 8 December 2021
| ''Incumbent''
| [[Olaf Scholz|Scholz]]<br/><small>([[Scholz cabinet|I]])</small>
|}
==See also==
* [[Bio-economy Research and Technology Council]]
* [[German Historical Institute]]s
* [[Kultusministerkonferenz]] (Conference of Ministers of Education (State Government in Germany))
* [[Open access in Germany]]
* [[Perspectivia.net]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.bmbf.de/en}} {{in lang|en}}
{{German Federal Ministries}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Federal government ministries of Germany|Education and Research]]
[[Category:Ministries of education|Germany]]
[[Category:Research ministries|Germany]]
[[Category:Ministries established in 1955|Germany, Education and Research]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in West Germany]]
{{Germany-gov-stub}}