View source for Fight at Aldie

{{Short description|Battle of the American Civil War}}
{{For|the action in the Gettysburg Campaign|Battle of Aldie}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict    = Fight at Aldie
| partof      = the [[American Civil War]]
| image       =
| caption     =
| date        = March 2, 1863
| place       = [[Aldie, Virginia|Aldie]], [[Loudoun County, Virginia|Loudoun County]], [[Virginia]]
| map_type    = Virginia
| coordinates = {{coord|38.98|-77.64|type:event|display=inline}}
| map_size    = 300
| map_caption = Location of the fight in Virginia
| map_label   =
| territory   =
| result      = [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] victory
| status      =
| combatant1  = {{flagicon|USA|1863}} [[United States of America]]
| combatant2  = {{flagicon|CSA|1863}} [[Confederate States of America]]
| combatant3  =
| commander1  = Franklin T. Huntoon
| commander2  = [[John S. Mosby]]
| commander3  =
| units1      = 1st Vermont Cavalry
| units2      = [[43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry|Mosby's Rangers]]
| units3      =
| strength1   = 50
| strength2   = 17-28
| strength3   =
| casualties1 = 19 (captured)
| casualties2 = 1 (wounded)
| casualties3 =
| notes       =
}}
The '''Fight at Aldie''' was a small [[cavalry]] [[skirmish]] between [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] forces under Major [[John S. Mosby]] and [[Union Army|Union]] forces under Major Joseph Gilmore<ref>Wert, p. 44, uses the name "a Major Gilmer." The [http://www.civilwardata.com/active/hdsquery.dll?Muster?a=2018&b=U&c=&d=1&e=661&f=20 personnel roster] of the 18th Pennsylvania lists no Gilmer, but does list Joseph Gilmore, promoted to major on November 28, 1862.</ref> and Captain Franklin T. Huntoon in [[Aldie, Virginia]], on March 2, 1863, as part of Mosby's Operations in Northern Virginia during the [[American Civil War]]. The fight which resulted in a Confederate victory was significant in that it was the first action of [[43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry|Mosby's Rangers]] within their operating territory in the central [[Loudoun Valley]].  In the fight Mosby and his men displayed many characteristics that would become their hallmark including the attack on numerically superior force while inflicting disproportionate casualties to those received.
==Background==
On January 24, 1863, [[Major General (CSA)|Maj. Gen.]] [[J.E.B. Stuart]] dispatched his scout [[John S. Mosby]] and 15 of his cavaliers to the lower [[Loudoun Valley]] in [[Fauquier County, Virginia|Fauquier County]] to conduct operations against Union forces occupying Northern Virginia. On January 28, the small band met at Mount Zion church, {{convert|0.5|mi|km}}  east of Aldie and set on their first raid against Federals in [[Chantilly, Virginia|Chantilly]]. During the next month, Mosby and his men raided into [[Fairfax County, Virginia|Fairfax County]] twice more, besting larger Federal forces each time. On March 2, in response to the raids, [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] [[Sir]] [[Percy Wyndham (soldier)|Percy Wyndham]] dispatched 200 troopers of the 18th Pennsylvania under Major Joseph Gilmore from Fairfax towards [[Middleburg, Virginia|Middleburg]] to find and capture Mosby and his men. In the town, the Union force, many of whom were reportedly drunk, began searching local residences and arresting citizens in an attempt to smoke out Mosby's men. When this proved to be unsuccessful, Gilmore threatened to burn the town. Residents of the village, pleaded with Gilmore to spare them, claiming to have no knowledge of the whereabouts of Mosby's men. Gilmore apparently believed them and withdrew with his command east, toward Aldie. At Aldie, the 18th Pennsylvania encountered a 50-man detachment of the 1st Vermont on similar patrol in Loudoun. The drunken Major Gilmore mistook the 1st Vermont for Confederates and ordered a retreat. The 1st Vermont, overtook the 18th Pennsylvania and the mistake was recognized. The 18th Pennsylvania informed the 1st Vermont of their failure to locate Mosby and then withdrew for Fairfax, while the 1st Vermont returned to Aldie to water their mounts.
==The fight==
The Federal raid on Middleburg did not go unnoticed by Mosby. As soon as the Federals left the town, he quickly assembled as many men as possible, totaling between 17 and 28, and then set out towards Aldie in pursuit. As Mosby's men entered the village from the west, they spied the dismounted 1st Vermont. Mosby immediately ordered a charge and with a yell the Confederates bore down on the Federals, taking them by surprise and sending most of them into a wild retreat. In the midst of the charge, Mosby lost control of his horse and was forced to jump off, losing it to the Federals. During the fight Captain John W. Woodward of the 1st Vermont had his horse shot out from underneath him, pinning him to the ground. One of Mosby's men ran towards him to shoot him, but Woodward was able to draw a concealed pistol and shoot his assailant. Believing that Woodward had already surrendered when he fired the shot a few of Mosby's men rushed in to execute him, but Mosby, who witnessed the affair, quickly interceded, taking the captain prisoner.
==Aftermath==
Despite losing his horse, Mosby and his men handled themselves well, capturing 19 Federals, including two captains and 23 horses, while suffering only one wounded. In response to the raid into his territory, Mosby planned another raid on Federals in Fairfax to capture the cavalry commander Sir Percy Wyndham on March 9. The result of this action would be Mosby's most famous exploit of the war, the [[Stoughton Raid]]. In addition, for defending the town of Middleburg and severely embarrassing the Federals sent to raid it, Mosby and his men won the admiration of the town's citizens, who had to this point been weary of the partisans. The support of the people of the Loudoun Valley would become one of Mosby's greatest assets for the duration of the war.
==References==
* Ashdown, Paul, and Edward Caudill, ''The Mosby Myth: A Confederate Hero in Life and Legend'', SR Books, 2002, {{ISBN|978-0-8420-2929-2}}.
* [[Jeffry D. Wert|Wert, Jeffry D.]], ''Mosby's Rangers: The True Adventure of the Most Famous Command of the Civil War'', Simon & Schuster, 1990, {{ISBN|0-671-74745-2}}.
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Loudoun County in the American Civil War}}
{{Gray Ghost}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aldie, Fight at}}
[[Category:Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Confederate victories of the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Battles and conflicts without fatalities]]
[[Category:Loudoun County, Virginia, in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Operations of the 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion]]
[[Category:1863 in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:1863 in Virginia]]
[[Category:Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia]]
[[Category:March 1863 events]]