View source for Filipe Tohi

{{Short description|Tongan artist (born 1959)}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
'''Sopolemalama Filipe Tohi''' (born 23 August 1959, in [[Tonga]]) is a Tongan artist who has lived in New Zealand since 1978.<ref name=Tautai1/> He has exhibited in major exhibitions in New Zealand and abroad. Several major collections include his work. The 2010 ''Art and Asia Pacific Almanac'' describes him as "Tongan art's foremost ambassador".<ref>{{cite book|title=Art and Asia Pacific Almanac |year=2010 |publisher=Art AsiaPacific Pub. |page=187}}</ref>
==Exhibitions==
* ''[[Te Moemoea no Iotefa]]'', an exhibition of contemporary Pacific art at the Sarjeant Art Gallery in Wanganui in 1990
* ''[[Bottled Ocean]]'' an exhibition of work by New Zealand artists of Pacific Island descent shown at a number of metropolitan art galleries in New Zealand in 1994–1995.
* ''Genealogy of lines: Hohoko ē tohitohi'' at the Govett-Brewster in 2002.<ref name=GB1>{{cite web |url=http://govettbrewster.com/Exhibitions/Artists/Filipe-Tohi |title=FILIPE TOHI  |publisher=Govett-Brewster Art Gallery |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212021814/http://govettbrewster.com/Exhibitions/Artists/Filipe-Tohi |archive-date=12 February 2015 }}</ref>
* Tohi was an invited artist for ''Partage d’exotismes'' (sharing exoticisms) at the Biennale of Lyon, France, 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lesechos.fr/23/06/2000/LesEchos/18179-506-ECH_united-colors-of----biennale-de-lyon.htm |title=United colors of... Biennale de Lyon |author=Judith Benhamou |publisher=Les Echos |date= 23 June 2000|access-date=8 October 2021 |language=fr}}</ref>
* ''Date Line: zeitgenössische Kunst des Pazifik = contemporary art from the Pacific'', Berlin, 2007.<ref>Stadtgalerie im Sophienhof (Kiel, Germany); Neuer Berliner Kunstverein; Galerie der Stadt Sindelfingen: ''Date Line: zeitgenössische Kunst des Pazifik = contemporary art from the Pacific'', Berlin: NBK, Neuer Berliner Kunstverein, 2007.</ref>
* ''Fatuemaka mei falekafa: Sopolemalama Filipe Tohi.Survey part one'' at [[Māngere Arts Centre - Ngā Tohu o Uenuku|Mangere Arts Centre]], 2011.<ref>Mangere Arts Centre. Fatuemaka mei falekafa: Survey part one, 2011.</ref>
* ''Home AKL'': Exhibition held at Auckland Art Gallery, 7 July to 22 October 2012.<ref name=AAG1>{{cite web |url=http://www.aucklandartgallery.com/whats-on/events/2012/july/home-akl |title=Home AKL |publisher=Auckland Art Gallery |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806001420/http://www.aucklandartgallery.com/whats-on/events/2012/july/home-akl |archive-date=6 August 2012 }}</ref>
* ''Tonga ʻi onopooni = Tonga contemporary'', an exhibition of contemporary Tongan art curated by Nina Kinahoi Tonga, Pataka Art + Museum, Porirua, New Zealand, 2014.<ref>Tonga, Nina Kinahoi and Helen Kedgley: Tonga ʻi onopooni = Tonga contemporary: Porirua, New Zealand: Pataka Art + Museum, 2014.</ref>
==Major collections that hold his works==
* [[Auckland Art Gallery]]<ref name=AAG1/>
*[[Govett-Brewster Art Gallery]]<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |url=http://govettbrewster.com/Exhibitions/Artists/Filipe-Tohi |title=FILIPE TOHI  |publisher=Govett-Brewster Art Gallery |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212021814/http://govettbrewster.com/Exhibitions/Artists/Filipe-Tohi |archive-date=12 February 2015}}</ref>
*[[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]],<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/278171|title=Loading... &#124; Collections Online - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa|website=collections.tepapa.govt.nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2012/09/03/celebrating-tongan-language-week-1-september-to-8-september/|title=Celebrating Tongan Language Week (1 September to 8 September)|date=3 September 2012|website=Te Papa’s Blog}}</ref>
==Awards, residencies and sculpture symposia==
In 2004, Tohi was awarded the Cook Islands Artist's Residency by the Pacific Arts Committee of [[Creative New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thebigidea.nz/node/169900 |title=Filipe Tohi awarded the Creative New Zealand Cook Islands' Residency |publisher=The Big Idea |date=28 September 2004 |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> Tohi used this residency to research {{transl|to|tufunga lalava}}, the traditional Tongan system of using [[Lashing (ropework)|lashings]] in the construction of houses and canoes.<ref>Wetton, Krysti. ''Taranaki Daily News'', New Plymouth, New Zealand, 28 September 2004: page 1.</ref> In 2006, he was one of three artists in residence at the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts during the exhibition ''Pacific Encounters: Art and Divinity in Polynesia, 1760–1860''<ref>An Artist's Perspective, 2: Filipe Tohi in conversation with Hilary Scothorn, ''Journal of Museum Ethnography'', Issue 21, March 2009, p 139-144.</ref> He received the Creative New Zealand Senior Pacific Artist Award at the 2009 [[Arts Pasifika Awards]]. In 2023, Tohi received an [[Arts Foundation of New Zealand]] Laureate Award.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/arts/300958452/nine-outstanding-nz-artists-honoured-at-arts-foundation-laureate-awards |title=Nine outstanding NZ artists honoured at Arts Foundation Laureate Awards |first=André |last=Chumko |date=1 September 2023 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref>
Tohi has participated in stone sculpture symposia, including:
* the Stone Art Symposium in [[New Plymouth]] in 1996<ref>''Sunday Star-Times'', Wellington, New Zealand, 11 February 1996: page A4.</ref>
* the Pacific Sculpture Symposium in [[Auckland]] in 1998<ref>''Daily News'', New Plymouth, New Zealand, 19 February 1998: 4.</ref>
* the 2000 sculpture symposium in [[Palmerston North]] with invited artists from the Pacific rim.<ref>''The Evening Standard'', Palmerston North, New Zealand, 25 February 2000: 11.</ref>
==Lalava==
Tohi's earlier sculptures were mainly in stone and wood. More recently he has achieved recognition for large contemporary sculptures in aluminium and steel that are inspired by lalava – the Tongan word for traditional coconut [[sennit]] [[Lashing (ropework)|lashing]].<ref>[[Nina Tonga]]: "Fatuemaka mei Falekafa: The Art of Sopolemalama Filipe Tohi", ''Art NZ'', issue 141, Autumn, 2012, page 54-57, 86.</ref> This lashing or binding has been described as "the Pan-Pacific technology used on houses, canoes, and tools before the introduction of Western materials".<ref name=Tautai1>{{cite web |url=http://www.tautai.org/artist/sopolemalama-filipe-tohi |title=SOPOLEMALAMA FILIPE TOHI |publisher=Tautai |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216011318/http://www.tautai.org/artist/sopolemalama-filipe-tohi/ |archive-date=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124332334 |title=Crafting Aotearoa: A Cultural History of Making in New Zealand and the wider Moana  Oceania |date=2019-01-01 |editor-last=Chitham |editor-first=Karl |pages=61 |language=English |editor-last2=Māhina-Tuai |editor-first2=Kolokesa U. |editor-last3=Skinner |editor-first3=Damian Hugh}}</ref>
The technique of lalava is an art as well as a practical craft.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124332334 |title=Crafting Aotearoa: A Cultural History of Making in New Zealand and the wider Moana  Oceania |date=2019-01-01 |editor-last=Chitham |editor-first=Karl |pages=61 |language=English |editor-last2=Māhina-Tuai |editor-first2=Kolokesa U. |editor-last3=Skinner |editor-first3=Damian Hugh}}</ref> Practitioners, for example, use different coloured cords to make intricate patterns. An example is in the Fale Pasifika at Auckland University for which Tohi did the lalava in 2004.,<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/on-campus/life-on-campus/pacific-life/fale-pasifika/art-of-the-fale-pasifika.html|title=Art of the Fale Pasifika - The University of Auckland|website=www.auckland.ac.nz}}</ref> In discussing this work, Tohi said that lalava is not only about binding, but is also an expression of language, and of connections with the past.
==Public sculptures==
Tohi has a number of sculptures in public or semi-public places.
===''Ha’amonga mata’a Maui'', 1996===
[[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]], Wellington, New Zealand.
This sculpture, made of [[andesite]] stone and 174&nbsp;cm high, is placed in the exhibition ''Tangata o le Moana: the story of Pacific people in New Zealand''.<ref name="auto"/>
Te Papa's label for this sculpture explains that it depicts the eye of the demigod [[Maui (Tongan mythology)|Maui]] in a stone surround, and that the form is based on that of the ancient stone monuments found in Tonga. A loose translation of the title is "the vision of Maui".<ref>Birch, Mark. Daily News, New Plymouth, New Zealand. 26 December 1997, page4.</ref> An example of a massive ancient Tongan stone monument is [[Ha'amonga 'a Maui]].
===''Haupapa (Female)'', 1998===
Govett-Brewster Gallery, New Plymouth, New Zealand
===Untitled, 2000, installed 2006===
[[File:Tohi PalmerstonN Img 2020.jpg|thumb|Untitled sculpture (2000, 2006) in The Square, Palmerston North]]
The Square, Palmerston North, New Zealand
This work is one of ten andesite sculptures carved as part of a project for the Pacific Rim Millennium Experience (PRiME).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manawatunz.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/arts-trail-guide-downloadable-version-2013.pdf |title=Palmerston North City Centre Arts Trail Guide |publisher=Destination Manawatu |date=2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421150744/http://www.manawatunz.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/arts-trail-guide-downloadable-version-2013.pdf |archive-date=21 April 2017}}</ref>
=== ''Pacific Room,'' 2002 ===
Inside the [[New Zealand Parliament]], the entrance to The Pacific Room is designed by [[Ian George (artist)|Ian George]], and the wooden carving was carved by four carvers from the [[South Pacific]], [[Ian George (artist)|Ian George]] from Cook Islands, [[Fatu Feu'u]] from [[Samoa]], Filipe Tohi from [[Tonga]], and Palalagi Manetoa from [[Niue]], about how Pacific peoples from those islands came to New Zealand and made the new country home.
===''Halamoana (Ocean Pathway)'', 2003===
Corner of Brougham and Powderham Streets, [[New Plymouth]].
This {{convert|14|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} aluminium sculpture was commissioned by New Plymouth architect Terry Boon, who also donated the land it stands on.<ref>BROWN, Gordon. ''Daily News'', New Plymouth, New Zealand, 5 August 2003: page 1,</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/news/119971093/sculpture-gifted-to-new-plymouth-will-cost-50000-to-relocate--but-to-where |title=Sculpture gifted to New Plymouth will cost $50,000 to relocate - but to where? |publisher=Stuff |author=Brianna McIlraith  |date=10 March 2020 |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> Boon said that this work expressed the lalava philosophy and that in it Tohi was "decoding language and symbols from the Pacific".<ref>Walsh, John: "Halamoana, New Plymouth", ''New Zealand Architecture'', September 2003, p 60</ref> In the same article, Boon is quoted on the significance of the site: "Brougham street is historically important...; it runs down the slope to the spot on the foreshore where Maori and European settlers landed. The street terminates across the road from the Len Lye [[Wind Wand]]."
===''Hautaha (Coming Together)'', 2004===
[[File:Hautaha 20220216 131703.jpg|thumb|left|Hautaha outside the [[Onehunga]] Library in Auckland, New Zealand]]
Outside the public library, Onehunga, Auckland.
This large sculpture made of stacked steel tubes is about the coming together of diverse groups, including early Maori, European colonists and more recent migrants from Pacific Islands. It also suggests the ropework on their boats. Tohi said that he "sees the form as female, embracing, welcoming and encompassing local residents and visitors to the community."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thebigidea.nz/node/168677 |title=Hautaha by Filip Tohi |publisher=The Big Idea |date=7 March 2004 |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aucklandpublicart.com/artworks/3285 |title=Hautaha |website=Auckland Public Art| access-date=18 December 2020 }}</ref>
===''Matakimoana (Eye of the Ocean)'', 2007===
[[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]], Wellington, New Zealand.
This large aluminium sculpture is at the entrance to the exhibition ''Tangata o le Moana: the story of Pacific people in New Zealand''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2012/09/03/celebrating-tongan-language-week-1-september-to-8-september/ |title=Celebrating Tongan Language Week (1 September to 8 September) |publisher=Te Papa |author=Sean Mallon |date=3 September 2012 |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>
In a film accompanying this sculpture, Tohi explains that it reflects the importance of lalava technology in Tonga.<ref>''Culture moves'', a short film viewable in Te Papa's exhibition ''Tangata o le Moana''.</ref> Before industrial technology became common in Tonga, lalava was used in making [[Architecture of Samoa|fale]] (buildings), fishhooks and other tools. In such uses, the cords are usually wrapped around cylindrical forms, such as the poles supporting a building. Tohi explains how he has brought out the patterns that were inside the wrapping, to make them visible.
===''Poutaha'', 2014===
[[File:Tohi Poutaha Img52.jpg|thumb|Poutaha, 2014, Massey University, Wellington]]
Welded Aluminium. [[Massey University]], Wellington campus, near Entrance A.
Massey University's information pamphlet on this sculpture says that its title means "a marker, like those of a memorial or kumara god", and that ancient godsticks "marked boundaries when wrapped with rope".  The pamphlet includes a diagram of several stages in the lashing of the lower, tapered cylinder part, of a god stick.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/fms/sustainability/documents/Massey%20University%20Heritage%20Jubilee%20Sculture%20Comission%20-%20Wellington%20campus.pdf?8D2B0DF6E4EFAA64A6A9AFC1EF68696A |title=Heritage Jubilee Sculpture Commission, Wellington Campus: Sopolemalama Filipe Tohi Poutaha, 2014, welded aluminium |publisher=Massey University |date= |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>
===''Vaka Folau (Canoes for the Journey)'', 2014===
Extruded aluminium, [[Victoria University of Wellington]], Kelburn campus, library, second floor.
This large sculpture takes the form of a gateway into Wan Solwara, the Pasifika area of the Victoria University Library in Kelburn. Its wall label explains that it is based on three triangles, representing [[Melanesia]], [[Micronesia]] and [[Polynesia]]. Small wave-like triangular forms represent the ocean that binds these cultural entities together. The upright sides of the gateway suggest two canoes.
=== ''Te Auaunga Awa – Multicultural Fāle and Outdoor Classroom'', 2019 ===
Steel and wood, Walmsley Park, Mount Roskill, Auckland.
A functional meeting space based on a traditional [[fāle]] incorporating lalava forms, commissioned by Auckland Council.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aucklandpublicart.com/artworks/4162 |title=Te Auaunga Awa – Multicultural Fāle and Outdoor Classroom |website=Auckland Public Art| access-date=18 December 2020 }}</ref> It won the Small Project Architecture category at the 2020 NZIA Auckland Architecture Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/articles/news/2020/08/multicultural-fale-wins-architecture-award/ |title=Multicultural fāle wins architecture award |website=Our Auckland | access-date=18 December 2020 }}</ref>
==Further reading==
* Brownson, Ron (ed). ''Home AKL : artists of Pacific heritage in Auckland'', Auckland, N.Z.: Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tamaki, 2012.
* Hoskin, Sorrel. ''Lalavaometry and lalavaology – the art of Filpe Tohi''. New Plymouth, Puke Ariki.
* Mallon, Sean and Pandora Fulimalo Pereira. ''Speaking in Colour''. Wellington, N.Z.: Te Papa Press, 1997.
* Pereira, Fulimalo and Brownson, Ron.  "Le Folauga. The Past Coming Forward: Contemporary Pacific Art from Aotearoa, New Zealand".  Auckland: Tautai, 2008.
* Stead, Oliver. ''Art icons of New Zealand: Lines in the sand''. Auckland, N.Z.: David Bateman, 2008.
* Stevenson, Karen. ''The Frangipani is dead: Contemporary Pacific Art in New Zealand''. Wellington: Huia, 2008.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.lalava.net/ Tohi's website]
{{Arts Foundation Laureate Award}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Tongan artists]]
[[Category:Tongan emigrants to New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand artists]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]