View source for Frederick St John, 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke

{{Short description|British Viscount and landowner}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
[[File:Frederick-st-john.jpg|thumb|Frederick St John, 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke, 3rd Viscount St John]]
[[Image:St. John arms.svg|thumb|Arms of St John: ''Argent, on a chief gules two mullets or'']]
[[File:George Stubbs - Turf, with Jockey up, at Newmarket - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|"Turf, with Jockey up, at Newmarket", painting c.1766 by [[George Stubbs]] of one of Bolingbroke's famous racehorses. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection<ref>{{cite web | url=https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:5039 | title=Turf, with Jockey up, at Newmarket - YCBA Collections Search }}</ref>]]
'''Frederick St John, 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke, 3rd Viscount St John''' (21 December 1732 – 5 May 1787), was a British peer and landowner. His father was [[John St John, 2nd Viscount St John]], half-brother of [[Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke]] (1678–1751).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.stepneyrobarts.co.uk/130400.htm| title = Stepneyrobarts.co.uk}} </ref><ref name=cokayne>G. E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, pp. 207, 208.</ref> His mother was Anne Furnese<ref name=cokayne /> and his younger brother General the Hon. [[Henry St John (British Army officer)|Henry St John]] (1738–1818).
== Biography ==
{{Moresources|section|date=December 2022}}
Bolingbroke was educated at [[Eton College]], [[Berkshire]].<ref name=cokayne /> He succeeded to the title of 3rd Baron St John of Battersea on 19 June 1748. He succeeded to the title of 3rd [[Viscount St John]] on 26 November 1748.<ref name=cokayne />
"Bully," as he was called by his contemporaries, is best known for his extravagant lifestyle and the [[Horse racing|racehorses]] he bred. On 8 September 1757 he married [[Lady Diana Beauclerk|Lady Diana Spencer]],<ref name=cokayne /> elder daughter of [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough]], after making a joking proposal to her in one of London's [[pleasure gardens]]. Bolingbroke's insistence on maintaining a bachelor's lifestyle (which included lavish spending, a string of mistresses, heavy drinking and gambling) after their marriage, coupled with verbal and, possibly, physical spousal abuse, led to a bitter separation between Bully and the popular and artistic Lady Diana. Bolingbroke brought [[divorce]] proceedings against his wife for her [[adultery|criminal conversation]] with [[Topham Beauclerk]], with whom she bore a child.
Things worsened for Viscount Bolingbroke after his divorce. The damages he won from Beauclerk were paltry compared to the mountain of debt he acquired. Rather than economize he chose to sell his prized racehorse. Even before his divorce his tight finances led to his sponsoring changes in law that allowed inheritors to sell off family properties. Once the law was passed he set about selling property that had been in his family for centuries.
In 1763, he sold the estate of Battersea, Surrey to Viscount Spencer. Eventually, he begged for and received a post as [[Lord of the Bedchamber]] in the court of King [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]—a post he'd previously held while still married to Lady Diana, but given up due to a combination of disinterest and indolence. In the meantime he never stopped searching for an heiress old enough or unattractive enough (and therefore desperate to marry) to wed a man of questionable finances and reputation.
Viscount Bolingbroke found himself overshadowed by his wife even after their marriage ended. Bolingbroke was not especially popular outside of a certain set while Lady Diana's circle included the eccentric and intelligent Dr [[Samuel Johnson]] and the fashionable political hostess, [[Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire]].
==Death==
He died on 5 May 1787, aged 54.
==Children==
*[[George St John, 3rd Viscount Bolingbroke|Sir George Richard St. John, 3rd Viscount Bolingbroke]] (5 March 1761 – 11 December 1824)
*Lady Henriette St. John (1 August 1762 – April 1834) – married Henry Towcester in 1792
*General Hon. [[Frederick St John (British Army officer)|Frederick St. John]] (20 December 1765 – 19 November 1844)
==Quotes==
Lord Chesterfield said:
:"(he was) ... by his talents no way unworthy to bear his uncle's name, (and had) "true and solid good sense, real taste and knowing a great deal."<ref name=cokayne />
Cokayne and Gibbs said,
:"for the last six years of his life he was out of his mind."<ref name=cokayne />
==Titles==
*1748 Baron St. John of Battersea
*1748 Viscount St. John of Battersea
*1751 Baronet St. John, of Lidiard Tregoze
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-reg|gb}}
{{s-bef| before = [[Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke|Henry St John]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Viscount Bolingbroke]]
| years  = 1751–1787 }}
{{s-aft| after  = [[George St John, 3rd Viscount Bolingbroke|George St John]]
| rows = 2}}
{{s-bef| before = [[John St John, 2nd Viscount St John|John St John]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Viscount Bolingbroke|Viscount St John]]
| years  = 1749–1787 }}
{{S-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bolingbroke}}
[[Category:1732 births]]
[[Category:1787 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Viscounts in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:St John family|Frederick]]