View source for GCLM

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{for|the post-nomial|Legion of Merit (Rhodesia)}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''GCLM'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid7826375">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gipp JJ, Bailey HH, Mulcahy RT | title = Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA for the light subunit of human liver gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and relative mRNA levels for heavy and light subunits in human normal tissues | journal = Biochem Biophys Res Commun | volume = 206 | issue = 2 | pages = 584–9 |date=Feb 1995 | pmid = 7826375 | doi =10.1006/bbrc.1995.1083  }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GCLM glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2730}}</ref>
[[Glutamate-cysteine ligase]], also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine [[ligase|synthetase]], is the first rate limiting enzyme of [[glutathione]] synthesis. The enzyme consists of two subunits, a heavy [[protein subunit|catalytic subunit]] and a light regulatory subunit. Gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase deficiency has been implicated in some forms of [[hemolytic anemia]].<ref name="entrez" />
==References==
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==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Dickinson DA |title=Human glutamate cysteine ligase gene regulation through the electrophile response element |journal=Free Radic. Biol. Med. |volume=37 |issue= 8 |pages= 1152–9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15451055 |doi= 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.011  |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Levonen AL  | author3=Moellering DR  | display-authors=3  | last4=Arnold  | first4=Erin K.  | last5=Zhang  | first5=Hongqiao  | last6=Darley-Usmar  | first6=Victor M.  | last7=Forman  | first7=лмлн ЦК кап Henry Jay }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Robertson NG |title=Isolation of novel and known genes from a human fetal cochlear cDNA library using subtractive hybridization and differential screening |journal=Genomics |volume=23 |issue= 1 |pages= 42–50 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7829101 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1994.1457  |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Khetarpal U  | author3=Gutiérrez-Espeleta GA  | display-authors=3  | last4=Bieber  | first4=Frederick R.  | last5=Morton  | first5=Cynthia C. }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Tsuchiya K |title=Mapping of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene (GLCLC) to human chromosome 6p12 and mouse chromosome 9D-E and of the regulatory subunit gene (GLCLR) to human chromosome 1p21-p22 and mouse chromosome 3H1-3 |journal=Genomics |volume=30 |issue= 3 |pages= 630–2 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8825659 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1995.1293  |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Mulcahy RT  | author3=Reid LL  | display-authors=3  | last4=Disteche  | first4=Christine M.  | last5=Kavanagh  | first5=Terrance J. }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sierra-Rivera E |title=Assignment of the human gene (GLCLR) that encodes the regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase to chromosome 1p21 |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=72 |issue= 2–3 |pages= 252–4 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8978789 |doi=10.1159/000134202  |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Dasouki M  | author3=Summar ML  | display-authors=3  | last4=Krishnamani  | first4=M.R.S.  | last5=Meredith  | first5=M.  | last6=Rao  | first6=P.N.  | last7=Phillips Iii  | first7=J.A.  | last8=Freeman  | first8=M.L  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Misra I, Griffith OW |title=Expression and purification of human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase |journal=Protein Expr. Purif. |volume=13 |issue= 2 |pages= 268–76 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9675072 |doi= 10.1006/prep.1998.0897 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rozet JM |title=Structure and refinement of the physical mapping of the gamma- glutamylcysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GLCLR) gene to chromosome 1p22.1 within the critically deleted region of human malignant mesothelioma |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=82 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 91–4 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9841137 |doi=10.1159/000015072  |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Gerber S  | author3=Perrault I  | display-authors=3  | last4=Calvas  | first4=P.  | last5=Souied  | first5=E.  | last6=Châtelin  | first6=S.  | last7=Viegas-Péquignot | first7=E.  | last8=Molina-Gomez  | first8=D.  | last9=Munnich  | first9=A.  |s2cid=46772373 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Tu Z, Anders MW |title=Identification of an important cysteine residue in human glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit by site-directed mutagenesis |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=336 |issue=  3|pages= 675–80 |year= 1999 |doi=10.1042/bj3360675 |pmid= 9841880 | pmc=1219919  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Tipnis SR, Blake DG, Shepherd AG, McLellan LI |title=Overexpression of the regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in HeLa cells increases gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity and confers drug resistance |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=337 |issue=  3|pages= 559–66 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9895302 |doi=10.1042/0264-6021:3370559  | pmc=1220010  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Galloway DC, Blake DG, McLellan LI |title=Regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase regulatory subunit (GLCLR) gene expression: identification of the major transcriptional start site in HT29 cells |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1446 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 47–56 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10395918 |doi=  10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00073-1}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Levonen AL, Lapatto R, Saksela M, Raivio KO |title=Expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase during development |journal=Pediatr. Res. |volume=47 |issue= 2 |pages= 266–70 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10674357 |doi=10.1203/00006450-200002000-00019  |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Nakamura S |title=Polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of human glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit gene is associated with myocardial infarction |journal=Circulation |volume=105 |issue= 25 |pages= 2968–73 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12081989 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000019739.66514.1E  |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Kugiyama K  | author3=Sugiyama S  | display-authors=3  | last4=Miyamoto  | first4=S  | last5=Koide  | first5=S  | last6=Fukushima  | first6=H  | last7=Honda  | first7=O  | last8=Yoshimura  | first8=M  | last9=Ogawa  | first9=H  | doi-access=free  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899  | pmc=139241  |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Feingold EA  | author3=Grouse LH  | display-authors=3  | last4=Derge  | first4=JG  | last5=Klausner  | first5=RD  | last6=Collins  | first6=FS  | last7=Wagner  | first7=L  | last8=Shenmen  | first8=CM  | last9=Schuler  | first9=GD |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Nakamura S |title=Polymorphism in glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit gene is associated with impairment of nitric oxide-mediated coronary vasomotor function |journal=Circulation |volume=108 |issue= 12 |pages= 1425–7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975258 |doi= 10.1161/01.CIR.0000091255.63645.98  |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Sugiyama S  | author3=Fujioka D  | display-authors=3  | last4=Kawabata  | first4=K  | last5=Ogawa  | first5=H  | last6=Kugiyama  | first6=K | doi-access=free}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Inoue Y |title=The modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM) is a molecular target for amelioration of cisplatin resistance in lung cancer |journal=Int. J. Oncol. |volume=23 |issue= 5 |pages= 1333–9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14532974 |doi=  10.3892/ijo.23.5.1333|name-list-style=vanc| author2=Tomisawa M  | author3=Yamazaki H  | display-authors=3  | last4=Abe  | first4=Y  | last5=Suemizu  | first5=H  | last6=Tsukamoto  | first6=H  | last7=Tomii  | first7=Y  | last8=Kawamura  | first8=M  | last9=Kijima  | first9=H  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504  | pmc=528928  |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Wagner L  | author3=Feingold EA  | display-authors=3  | last4=Shenmen  | first4=CM  | last5=Grouse  | first5=LH  | last6=Schuler  | first6=G  | last7=Klein  | first7=SL  | last8=Old  | first8=S  | last9=Rasooly  | first9=R }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Song IS, Tatebe S, Dai W, Kuo MT |title=Delayed mechanism for induction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit mRNA stability by oxidative stress involving p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 31 |pages= 28230–40 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15946948 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M413103200 |doi-access= free }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chen Y |title=Glutamate cysteine ligase catalysis: dependence on ATP and modifier subunit for regulation of tissue glutathione levels |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 40 |pages= 33766–74 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16081425 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M504604200  |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Shertzer HG  | author3=Schneider SN  | display-authors=3  | last4=Nebert  | first4=DW  | last5=Dalton  | first5=TP |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Diaz-Hernandez JI |title=Knockdown of glutamate-cysteine ligase by small hairpin RNA reveals that both catalytic and modulatory subunits are essential for the survival of primary neurons |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 47 |pages= 38992–9001 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16183645 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M507065200  |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Almeida A  | author3=Delgado-Esteban M  | display-authors=3  | last4=Fernandez  | first4=E  | last5=Bolaños  | first5=JP |doi-access=free }}
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