View source for Gandhara (svara)

{{Short description|Third octave in Indian classical music}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Gāndhāra (Ga).jpg|thumb|Gandhara (Ga)]]
'''Gandhara''' ({{Langx|sa|गान्धार|translit=Gāndhāra}}) is the 3rd [[svara]] from the seven svaras of [[Hindustani music]] and [[Carnatic music]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://raag-hindustani.com/Notes.html|title = The Notes in an Octave in Indian Classical Music - Raag Hindustani}}</ref> Gandhara is the long form of the syllable ग.<ref>https://brainly.in/question/4916824 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Gandhara is pronounced as Ga (notation - G).
==Details==
The following is the information about Gandhara and its importance in [[Indian classical music]] :
* Gandhara is the third svara in an octave or [[Saptak]].
* Gandhara is the immediate next svara of [[Rishabh (svara)|Rishabh]] (Re).
* The [[svara]] of Gandhara is  Komal and Shuddha.
* It is said that Shadja is the basic svara from which all the other 6 svaras are produced. When we break the word Shadja then we get, Shad And Ja. It means that Shad is 6 and ja is 'giving birth' in [[marathi (language)|Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://saxonianfolkways.wordpress.com/2013/01/30/the-7-shadows-of-shadja|title = The 7 Shadows of Shadja|date = 30 January 2013}}</ref> So basically the translation is :
'''षड् - 6, ज -जन्म . Therefore, it collectively means giving birth to the other 6 notes of the music.'''
So the svara Ga is formed from [[Shadja]].
* The frequency of Gandhara is 300&nbsp;Hz. The frequencies of the 7 svaras are also given below: Sa 240&nbsp;Hz, Re 270&nbsp;Hz, Ga 300&nbsp;Hz, Ma 320&nbsp;Hz, Pa 360&nbsp;Hz, Dha 400&nbsp;Hz, and Ni 450&nbsp;Hz, Sa 480&nbsp;Hz (Taar Saptak) ........ (and so on).
Consequently, the Ga after the Re of 540&nbsp;Hz (Taar Saptak) has a frequency of 600&nbsp;Hz i.e. the double of the Lower octave Ga.
* There are 2 [[Shruti (music)|Shruti]] of Gandhara. Previously the main Shruti, not only for Ga but for all the other svaras, was on the last Shruti but now it is considered to be on the 1st Shurti.
For example, if these are the 2 Shruti's of Ga then,
'''Previously this was the position of the main Shruti of Ga'''.
'''^'''
'''1   2'''
''' ^'''
'''But now this position has become the main Shruti of Ga'''.
* All the other svaras except Shadja (Sa) and Pancham (Pa) can be {{lang|hi-Latn|komal}} or {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra svaras}} but Sa and Pa are always Shuddha svaras. And hence svaras Sa and Pa are called '''Achal Svaras''' , since these svaras don't move from their original position. Svaras Ra, Ga, Ma, Dha, Ni are called '''Chal Svaras''', since these svaras move from their original position.
'''Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni - Shuddha Svaras'''
'''Re, Ga, Dha, Ni - Komal Svaras'''
'''Ma - {{lang|hi-Latn|Tivra Svaras}}'''
* Ragas from [[Kafi Thaat]], [[Asavari Thaat]], [[Todi Thaat]] and [[Bhairavi Thaat]] have Komal Gandhara, rest of the [[thaat]]s have Shuddha Gandhara.
* Ragas where Ga is the Vadi svara - Raga [[Kafi (raga)]], raga [[Bageshri]], raga [[Bhoopali]] etc. Ragas where Ga is the Samvadi svara - Raga [[Sohni]], etc.
* Hypothetically speaking, Ga is said to be the Gandharvas, Gandharvas as in, the three main gods, [[Bhrama|Brahma]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]] were first created i.e. Sakar Bhrama (Sa) and then these three gods created Rishimuni i.e. Re and then [[Gandharvas]] were created for singing. Ga is made the acronym of [[Gandharvas]] for showing the importance of the syllable Ga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-significance-of-Seven-Sur-Sa-Re-Ga-Ma-Pa-Dha-Ni-Sa-in-music|title=What is the significance of Seven Sur (Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa) in music?}}</ref>
* Gandhara is said to be sourced from the bleating of a [[goat]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adharashadja.wordpress.com/2017/03/21/swara-and-shruti/#:~:text=SHRUTIS|title = Swara and Shruti|date = 21 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dollsofindia.com/library/raga_ragini/|title = The Raga Ragini System of Indian Classical Music|date = 15 March 2007}}</ref>
* Gandhara is associated with the planet [[Sun]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adharashadja.wordpress.com/2017/03/21/swara-and-shruti/#:~:text=SHRUTIS|title = Swara and Shruti|date = 21 March 2017}}</ref>
* Gandhara is associated with [[Golden (colour)|Golden]] colour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adharashadja.wordpress.com/2017/03/21/swara-and-shruti/#:~:text=SHRUTIS|title = Swara and Shruti|date = 21 March 2017}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of Ragas in Hindustani classical music]]
* [[Svara]]
* [[Shadja (svara)|Shadja]] (Sa)
* [[Rishabh (svara)|Rishabh]] (Re)
* [[Madhyam (svara)|Madhyam]] (Ma)
* [[Pancham (svara)|Pancham]] (Pa)
* [[Dhaivat (svara)|Dhaivat]] (Dha)
* [[Nishad (svara)|Nishada]] (Ni)
----
[[Ga (svara)]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Indian classical music]]
[[Category:Musical notation]]
[[Category:Musical scales]]
[[Category:Hindustani music terminology]]
[[Category:Carnatic music terminology]]