View source for Ganulu

{{Short description|Aboriginal Australian people}}
{{confuse|Gangulu}}
{{Use Australian English|date=June 2020}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
The '''Ganulu''', also spelt '''Kanolu''', are an [[Aboriginal Australian]] people of the state of [[Queensland]].
==Language==
{{main|Ganulu language}}
The Kanolu have often been confused with the [[Gangulu]] (Kangulu), despite marked differences in their languages. For example, 'no' was ''kara'' for the former, ''kagu'' for the latter, and the Kanolu word for 'man' was ''mari'', in contrast to the Kangulu word for the same, ''bama.''{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=174}} The Ganula language is a dialect of the [[Bidjara language]].
==Country==
The Kanolu are a people of the [[Central Highlands Region]]. In [[Norman Tindale]]'s calculations, their tribal lands extended over {{convert|4,700|mi2|km2|order=flip}}. They lived around the eastern headwaters of the [[Comet River]] from [[Rolleston, Queensland|Rolleston]] northwards at least to [[Blackwater, Queensland|Blackwater]] and [[Mackenzie River (Queensland)|upper Mackenzie River]]. Their eastern frontier lay near [[Dingo, Queensland|Dingo]] and [[Duaringa]].{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=174}}
==History of contact==
Native memory spoke of many members of the people dying out around the 1830s, from a disease which affected the nose,{{efn|E. M. Curr glosses this by a note comparing the term current among the distant [[Watjarri]](''Cheangwa'') for smallpox, namely ''moolya errillya-rilla-ya'' (stone in the nose).{{sfn|Josephson|1887|p=97}}}} and some members of the group were seen to bear marks that might have indicated a smallpox epidemic.{{sfn|Josephson|1887|p=97}}
White settlement of Kanolu lands began around 1860. At the time their population was estimated at around 500. Within a decade, by 1869, their numbers had fallen to 300, and by 1879 it was thought no more than 200 survived. Thomas Josephson claimed that this drastic demographic decline was attributable to three factors. One was the effect of venereal disease introduced by settlers; secondly, [[Tuberculosis|consumption]], and thirdly [[infanticide]].{{sfn|Josephson|1887|p=96}}
==Lifestyle==
Josephson was struck by the Kanolu's refusal to partake of [[pork]], an introduced meat which other Aboriginal peoples were known to eat.{{sfn|Josephson|1887|p=97}}
==Alternative names==
* ''Kanoloo''
* ''Kanalloo''{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=174}}
==Some words==
* ''wondi'' (tame dog)
* ''kagargi'' (wild dog)
* ''yaboo'' (father)
* ''kika'' (mother)
* ''koin'' (white man){{sfn|Josephson|1887|p=98}}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Sources==
{{refbegin|35em}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = Head of the Comet River
| last = Josephson | first = Thomas
| year = 1887
| title = The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent
| editor-last = Curr | editor-first = Edward Micklethwaite | editor-link = Edward Micklethwaite Curr
| volume = 3 | pages = 96–99
| publisher = J. Ferres | location = Melbourne
| chapter-url = https://archive.org/download/australianracei02currgoog/australianracei02currgoog.pdf
}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = Kanolu (QLD)
| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett
| author-link = Norman Tindale
| year = 1974
| title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
| publisher = Australian National University Press
| chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/kanolu.htm
| isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6
}}
{{refend}}
{{Aboriginal peoples of Queensland}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland]]
[[Category:Far North Queensland]]