View source for Gavrilo V, Serbian Patriarch

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
|name= Gavrilo V
| honorific-prefix = [[His Holiness]]
|image= Патријарх Гаврило (Дожић).jpg
|church=[[Serbian Orthodox Church]]
|see=[[Belgrade]]
|patriarch_of= [[Patriarchal Monastery of Peć|Archbishop of Peć]], [[Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci|Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci]], and [[Serbian Patriarch]]
|birth_name=Đorđe Dožić
|enthroned=21 February 1938
|ended=7 May 1950 (his death)
|ordination = 1900
|consecration = 1911
|predecessor=[[Serbian Patriarch Varnava|Varnava I]]
|successor=[[Serbian Patriarch Vikentije II|Vikentije II]]
|birth_date=17 May 1881
|birth_place=[[Kolašin Municipality|Vrujci]], [[Principality of Montenegro]]
|death_date=7 May 1950 (aged 68)
|death_place=[[Belgrade]], [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|Serbia]], [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]
}}
{{Infobox manner of address
| background  = plum
| name        = Serbian Patriarch Gavrilo V
| image       =
| reference   = His Holiness
| spoken      = Your Holiness
| religious   = Patriarch
| posthumous  = His Holiness Patriarch Gavrilo V of Blessed Repose
}}
'''Gavrilo Dožić''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Гаврило Дожић}}; 17 May 1881 – 7 May 1950), also known as '''Gavrilo V''', was the [[Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral|Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral]] (1920–1938) and the 41st [[Serbian Patriarch]] of the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]], from 1938 to 1950.{{sfn|Vuković|1996|p=107-109}}
==Early life==
'''Đorđe Dožić''' (Ђорђе Дожић) was born on 17 May 1881 in [[Kolašin Municipality|Vrujci, Kolašin, Lower Morača]], [[Montenegro]], near [[Morača Monastery]]. His family belonged to the Medenica brotherhood.<ref name=Z11-193>{{cite book|title=Zapisi|volume=11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYJK2PnkJysC|year=1938|publisher=Cetinjsko istorijsko društvo|page=193|quote=Ђорђе Дожић, из братства Меденица, у калуђерству Гаврило, родио се 17 . маја 1881 год . у доњоморачком селу Врујцима . Основну школу свршио је у Манастиру Морачи код свога стрица познатог архимандрита Михаила, што ...}}</ref> He finished primary school at the monastery, as a pupil of his paternal uncle, [[archimandrite]] Mihailo.<ref name=Z11-193/> He went to theological schools in [[Prizren]] ([[Serbian Orthodox Seminary of Prizren|Seminary of Prizren]]) and the [[Prince Islands]] ([[Halki seminary]]). After that, he finished the theological faculty in Athens ([[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens|University of Athens]]).{{sfn|Vuković|1996|p=107}} He worked as the secretary of the monastery of [[Hilandar]].{{sfn|Radić|1998|p=72}}
==Bishop==
After bishop [[Nićifor Perić]] of Raška-Prizren withdrew from his office (1911), due to disagreement with the Serbian diplomacy, the [[Patriarchate of Constantinople]] appointed Gavrilo as successor, as the Serbian diplomacy wanted. There was a conflict within the Serbian Church regarding the appointment of Gavrilo; the "Old Serbs" (clergy from Kosovo and Macedonia) wanted their candidate, the previous secretary of the Eparchy of Skoplje, monk [[Bogdan Radenković|Vasilije (Bogdan) Radenković]].{{sfn|Radić|1998|p=72}} While waiting for the Ottoman government approval, the Serbian government changed the decision and ordered through the consuls that Ottoman Serbs request that Radenković be appointed instead. However, Gavrilo ended up being chosen. Meanwhile, Radenković became a founder of the [[Black Hand (Serbia)|Black Hand]] conspiracy group.
==Metropolitan==
After the death of [[Mitrofan Ban]], the [[Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral|Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral]], in 1920, Gavrilo was picked as the new Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral on 17 November 1920. He stayed in this position until he was chosen to become the 51st Serbian Patriarch on 21 February 1938.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Šelih |first1=Alenka |title=Država in cerkev: izbrani zgodovinski in pravni vidiki : mednarodni posvet 21. in 22. junija 2001 |date=2002 |publisher=Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti |isbn=9789616242479 |page=471}}</ref>
==Detention and imprisonment in World War II==
During World War II in 1941, as soon as the German forces occupied [[Yugoslavia]], Patriarch Gavrilo was arrested by the Nazis who were looting the gold from the [[Ostrog Monastery]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Taber|first1=George|title=Chasing Gold: The Incredible Story of How the Nazis Stole Europe's Bullion|date=15 December 2014|publisher=Pegasus books|location=New York, New York|isbn=978-1605986555|edition=First|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxeLBQAAQBAJ&q=gavrilo%2Fnazi%2Fostrog&pg=PT249}}</ref> [[Ruth Mitchell]] in her book "The Serbs Choose War", wrote ''"They took from the old man everything, even his shoes. They left him naked except for his shirt. and over rough roads, over the mountains and through the deep valleys, they made him walk, at the point of a bayonet, two hundred miles, hatless in the burning Balkan sun."''<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Ruth|title=The Serbs Choose War|date=1943|publisher=Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc.|location=Garden City, N.Y.|pages=82}}</ref> He later was confined in the [[Ljubostinja|Monastery of Ljubostinja]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gevers |first1=Lieve |last2=Blank |first2=Jan |title=Protestant, Orthodox and Muslim Communities in Occupied Europe (1939-1950) |date=2007 |publisher=Peeters |isbn=9789042919334 |page=74}}</ref> In May 1943, he was transferred to the Monastery of Vojlovica (near [[Pančevo]]) in which he was confined together with Bishop [[Nikolaj Velimirović]] until September 1944.<ref name="Bojović">{{cite book |last1=Bojović |first1=Boško I. |title=L'Église Orthodoxe Serbe: histoire - spiritualité - modernité |date=2014 |publisher=Balkanološki institut SANU |isbn=9788671790857 |page=221 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bZyxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA221}}</ref>
On 15 September 1944 both Serbian Patriarch Gavrilo V (Dožić) and Bishop Nikolaj Velimirović were sent to [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]],<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Boeckh |editor1-first=Katrin |editor2-last=Schon |editor2-first=Dietmar |title=Der Blick auf den Anderen: Katholisch-Orthodoxe Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung |date=2021 |publisher=Verlag Friedrich Pustet |isbn=9783791773513 |page=112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VhIMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA112}}</ref> which was at that time the main concentration camp for priests arrested by the Nazis. Both Dožić and Velimirović were held as special prisoners (Ehrenhäftlinge) imprisoned in the so-called Ehrenbunker (or Prominentenbunker) separated from the work camp area, together with high-ranking Nazi enemy officers and other prominent prisoners.{{sfn|Byford|2008|pp=92-93}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sundhaussen |first1=Holm |title=Geschichte Serbiens: 19.-21. Jahrhundert |date=2007 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag Wien |isbn=9783205776604 |page=312 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5fBOPsQLt_0C&pg=PA312}}</ref>
In December 1944 they were transferred from Dachau to Slovenia, together with [[Milan Nedić]], the Serbian collaborationist PM, and German general Hermann Neubacher, the first Nazi mayor of Vienna (1938–1939),{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} as the Nazis attempted to make use of Patriarch Gavrilo's and Nikolaj's authority among the Serbs in order to gain allies in the anti-Communist movements. Contrary to claims of torture and abuse at the camp, evidence that Patriarch Dožić himself was subjected to mistreatment is doubtful.{{sfn|Byford|2008|pp=92-96}}
Later, Patriarch Dožić and Bishop Nikolaj were moved to Austria, and were finally liberated by the US 36th Infantry Division in Tyrol in 1945.<ref name="Bojović" />{{sfn|Byford|2008|p=107}}
==Last years==
He was physically weakened by these vicissitudes and grew to look very old and frail. Soon after, he was taken to England. Both Dožić and Velimirović were at [[Westminster Abbey]] at the baptism of King [[Peter II of Yugoslavia]]'s son and heir, [[Crown Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia]].{{cn|date=August 2024}} He then returned to what then came to be known as the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], while Bishop Nikolaj opted to emigrate to the United States.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tomasevich |first1=Jozo |title=War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: Occupation and Collaboration |date=2001 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=9780804779241 |page=513 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC&pg=PA513}}</ref>
Patriarch Gavrilo died on 7 May 1950, aged 68, in [[Belgrade, Serbia]] and was buried in the [[St. Michael's Cathedral (Belgrade)|Cathedral Church]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Falina |first1=Maria |title=Religion and Politics in Interwar Yugoslavia: Serbian Nationalism and East Orthodox Christianity |date=2023 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781350282049 |page=141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w3usEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA141}}</ref>
He was awarded [[Order of Saint Sava]], [[Order of Prince Danilo I]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Acović|first=Dragomir|title=Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima|year=2012|location=Belgrade|publisher=Službeni Glasnik|pages=89}}</ref> and a number of other decorations.
== See also ==
* [[List of 20th-century religious leaders]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Sources and further reading==
* {{Cite book|last=Slijepčević|first=Djoko M.|author-link=Đoko M. Slijepčević|title=Историја Српске православне цркве|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7FrAAAAIAAJ|volume=књ. 2|year=1966|location=Минхен|publisher=Искра}}
* {{Cite book|last=Slijepčević|first=Djoko M.|author-link=Đoko M. Slijepčević|title=Историја Српске православне цркве|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I7NrAAAAIAAJ|volume=књ. 3|year=1986|location=Келн|publisher=Искра}}
* {{Cite book|last=Vuković|first=Sava|year=1996|author-link=Sava Vuković (bishop)|title=Српски јерарси од деветог до двадесетог века (Serbian Hierarchs from the 9th to the 20th Century)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VBzkAAAAMAAJ|location=Београд|publisher=Евро}}
*{{cite book |last1=Byford |first1=Jovan |title=Denial and Repression of Antisemitism: Post-communist Remembrance of the Serbian Bishop Nikolaj Velimirovic |date=2008 |publisher=Central European University Press |isbn=9789639776159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAEauYA7rrMC}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Vuković|first=Sava|year=2001|author-link=Sava Vuković (bishop)|title=Српски патријарси двадесетог века: Гаврило V (Дожић)|url=http://vukova-zaduzbina.rs/danica/digitalna-arhiva-danica|journal=Даница|location=Београд|publisher=Вукова задужбина|issue=8|pages=476–480}}
*{{cite book|author1=Dušan N Štrbac|author2=Savez udruženja pravoslavnog sveštenstva FNR Jugoslavije|title=Spomenica pravoslavnih sveštenika, žrtava fašističkog terora i palih u narodnooslobodilačkoj borbi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1IDAAAAMAAJ|year=1960|publisher=Savez udruženja pravoslavnog sveštenstva FNRJ}}
*{{cite book|author=Ljubomir Durković-Jakšić|title=Učešće patrijarha Gavrila i Srpske pravoslavne crkve u događajima ispred i za vreme 27. marta 1941. i njihovo stradanje u toku rata: povodom 30-godišnice od smrti patrijarha Gavrila|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3lBBAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Sveti arhijerejski sinod Srpske pravoslavne crkve}}
*{{cite book|first=Radmila |last=Radić|title=Hilandar u državnoj politici kraljevine Srbije i Jugoslavije 1896-1970|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCQzAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Službeni list SRJ|isbn=9788635504018}}
{{commons category|Gavrilo Dožić}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-rel|eo}}
{{succession box | before = [[Serbian Patriarch Varnava|Varnava I]] | title = [[Serbian Patriarch]] | years = 1938&ndash;1950 | after = [[Serbian Patriarch Vikentije II|Vikentije II]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Mitrofan Ban]] | title = [[Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral|Metropolitan Bishop of Montenegro and the Littoral]] | years = 1920–1938 | after = [[Joanikije I, Metropolitan of Montenegro|Joanikije]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Nićifor Perić]] | title = [[Eparchy of Raška and Prizren|Bishop of Raška and Prizren]] | years = 1912–1920 | after = [[Mihajlo Šiljak ]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Serbian Orthodox Church}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dozic, Gavrilo}}
[[Category:1881 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kolašin]]
[[Category:Serbs of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of the Serbian Orthodox Church|Gavrilo V]]
[[Category:Bishops of Raška-Prizren]]
[[Category:Bishops of Montenegro and the Littoral]]
[[Category:People from the Principality of Montenegro]]
[[Category:20th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops]]
[[Category:Dachau concentration camp survivors]]
[[Category:Burials at St. Michael's Cathedral (Belgrade)]]