View source for Gazebo

{{Short description|Pavilion structure built in a park or garden}}
{{Other uses}}
[[File:Главный ботанический сад РАН, субботний вечер. Moscow, Russia. - panoramio - Oleg Yu.Novikov.jpg|thumb|Japanese-style gazebo in Moscow]]
[[File:Victorian Gazebo.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|The [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]]-style bandstand gazebo at Fellows Riverside Gardens at [[Mill Creek Park]], [[Youngstown, Ohio]]]]
A '''gazebo''' is a [[pavilion]] structure, sometimes [[octagon]]al or [[Gun turret|turret]]-shaped, often built in a [[park]], [[garden]], or spacious [[public area]].<ref>A longer definition appears in the Merriam-Webster Concise Encyclopedia: [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gazebo Retrieved 25 October 2012.]</ref> Some are used on occasions as [[bandstand]]s.
The name is also now used for a tent like canopy  structure with open sides used as partial shelter from sun and rain at outdoor events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambridge English Dictionary |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/gazebo}}</ref>
==Etymology==
[[File:Rainy day at Camp Horno, Camp Pendleton.png|thumb|Tent gazebo]]
The etymology given by [[Oxford Dictionaries (website)|Oxford Dictionaries]] is "Mid 18th century: perhaps humorously from gaze, in imitation of Latin future tenses ending in -ebo: compare with [[lavabo]]."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gazebo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107092307/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gazebo|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 7, 2016|publisher=Oxford University Press |work=Oxford Dictionaries |title=gazebo}}</ref> L. L. Bacon put forward a derivation from ''[[Casbah of Algiers|Casbah]]'', a [[Muslim]] quarter around the citadel in [[Algiers]].<ref name="bacon">Bacon, Leonard Lee. "Gazebos and Alambras", ''American Notes and Queries'' 8:6 (1970): 87–87</ref> W. Sayers proposed [[Andalusian Arabic|Hispano-Arabic]] ''qushaybah'', in a poem by [[Córdoba, Spain|Cordoban]] poet [[Ibn Quzman]] (d. 1160).<ref name="sayers">William Sayers, ''Eastern prospects: Kiosks, belvederes, gazebos''. Neophilologus 87: 299–305, 2003.[https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1022691123957]</ref>
The word ''gazebo'' appears in a mid-18th century English book by the architects John and [[William Halfpenny]]: ''Rural Architecture in the Chinese Taste''. There Plate 55, "Elevation of a Chinese Gazebo", shows "a Chinese Tower or Gazebo, situated on a Rock, and raised to a considerable Height, and a Gallery round it to render the Prospect more complete."<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLLSFX3360000000300917&indx=5&recIds=BLLSFX3360000000300917&recIdxs=4&elementId=4&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Halfpenny%20Rural%20Architecture%20in%20the%20Chinese%20Taste&dstmp=1600281560368 British Library catalogue. Retrieved 16 September 2020.]</ref>
[[George Washington]] had a small eight-sided garden structure at [[Mount Vernon]]. [[Thomas Jefferson]] wrote about gazebos, then called summerhouses or pavilions.
==Design==
Gazebos are freestanding or attached to a garden wall, roofed, and are often open on all sides. They provide [[shade (shadow)|shade]], shelter from rain and a place to rest, while acting as an [[Ornament (art)|ornamental]] feature.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} Some gazebos in public parks are large enough to serve as a [[bandstand]].
==Types==
Gazebos overlap with pavilions, [[kiosk]]s,<ref>The word as applied to late medieval structures in Iran and Turkey corresponds to a gazebo. The modern English senses of a street stall or a telephone box do not. ''Collins English Dictionary'': "(in Turkey, Iran, etc., esp. formerly) a light open-sided pavilion."</ref> [[belvedere (structure)|belvedere]]s, [[folly|follies]], [[gloriette]]s, [[pergola]]s, and [[Rotunda (architecture)|rotunda]]s.
Such structures first appeared in [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] gardens approximately 5,000 years ago and appear in the literature of China, [[Persia]] and other classical civilizations.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}
Examples in England are the garden houses at [[Montacute House]] in [[Somerset]]. The gazebo at [[Elton on the Hill]] in [[Nottinghamshire]], thought to date from the late 18th or early 19th century, is a square, crenelated, brick and stone tower with an arched opening. It acted as a focus for an extensive system of red-brick walled gardens, which has survived with some more modern additions.<ref>[http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-425567-gazebo-in-grounds-of-former-elton-manor- British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 25 October 2012.]</ref>
In today's England and North America, gazebos are typically built of wood and covered with standard roofing materials, such as [[Roof shingle|shingle]]s. Gazebos can be tent-style structures of poles covered by tensioned fabric. Gazebos may have screens to aid in the exclusion of flying insects.
Temporary gazebos are often set up in the campsites of [[music festival]]s in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States, usually accompanying [[tent]]s around them.
A structure resembling a gazebo, found in villages in the [[Maldives]], is known as a ''holhuashi''.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Spitz Pavillon Hinterhaus-3233.jpg|Austria
File:Slovakia_Bratislava_947.jpg|Unique gazebo in [[Janko Kráľ Park]] is former [[Franciscan Church, Bratislava|gothic tower from the Franciscan church]]
File:Bandstand at Royal Palace, Sarahan, HP, India.jpg|Bandstand at Royal Palace, [[Sarahan]], India
Image:Barrington IL Gazebo 1.jpg|A gazebo during winter, topped with a [[weather vane]]
Image:Gazebo in Sam Houston Park -- Houston.jpg|Gazebo in [[Sam Houston Park, Houston, Texas]]
Image:Gazebo Late 19th Century USA.JPG|Gazebo, United States, late 19th century
Image:Foxmoor Park in Fox River Grove, Illinois.jpg|Weathered gazebo near a fishing hole in [[Fox River Grove, Illinois]]
Image:Mohonk Mountain House 2011 Fishing Gazebo in Early Morning FRD 3158.jpg|A gazebo to shade [[fishing]], [[Lake Mohonk, New York]]
Image:15 18 0264 junaluska.jpg|Gazebo at [[Lake Junaluska, North Carolina]]
Image:Ammand Dam (135).jpg|A two-story gazebo at Ammand Dam, [[Tabriz|Tabriz, Iran]]
Image:Zabytkowa altana.JPG|Gazebo in [[Prudnik|Prudnik, Poland]]
File:Kuopio - huvila.jpg|A small gazebo in [[Väinölänniemi, Kuopio]], Finland
</gallery>
==See also==
{{Portal|Architecture}}
<!-- Please keep entries in alphabetical order & add a short description [[WP:SEEALSO]] -->
*[[Belvedere (structure)|Belvedere]]
*[[Bandstand]]
*[[Canopy (architecture)]]
*[[Chickee]]
*[[Chinese pavilion]]
*[[Eric and the Dread Gazebo]]
*[[Monopteros]]: a ring of columns, often domed
*[[Pendhapa]]
*[[Solar canopy]]
*[[Spring House Gazebo]]
*[[Widow's walk]]
<!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order -->
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{wiktionary|gazebo}}
{{Commons category|Gazebos}}
*{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Gazebo |volume=11 |page=545 |short=x}}
{{Huts|state=collapsed}}
{{Garden features}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Pavilions|*]]
[[Category:Garden features]]
[[Category:Huts]]
[[Category:Gazebos| ]]