View source for Geographic data and information

{{short description|Data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location}}
{{Redirect|Geospatial}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2023}}
'''Geographic data and information''' is defined in the [[ISO/TC 211]] series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to [[Earth]] (a [[geographic location]] or [[geographic position]]).<ref>[https://isotc211.geolexica.org/concepts/202/ Geolexica, the authoritative glossary for geographic information technology from ISO/TC 211]</ref><ref>[https://isotc211.geolexica.org/concepts/205/ Geolexica, the authoritative glossary for geographic information technology from ISO/TC 211]</ref> It is also called '''geospatial data and information''',{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} '''georeferenced data and information''',{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} as well as '''geodata''' and '''geoinformation'''.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
Location information (known by the many names mentioned here) is stored in a [[geographic information system]] (GIS).
There are also many different types of geodata, including [[vector graphics|vector files]], [[raster graphics|raster files]], [[geographic databases]], web files, and multi-temporal data.
'''Spatial data''' or '''spatial information''' is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily [[georeferenced]], such as in [[computer-aided design]] (CAD), see [[geometric modeling]].
==Fields of study==
Geographic data and information are the subject of a number of overlapping [[fields of study]], mainly:
* [[Geocomputation]]
* [[Geographic information science]]
** [[Geographic information science and technology]]
* [[Geoinformatics]]
* [[Geomatics]]
* [[Geovisualization]]
"Geospatial technology" may refer to any of "geomatics", "geomatics", or "geographic information technology."
The above is in addition to other related fields, such as:
* [[Cartography]]
* [[Geodesy]]
* [[Geography]]
* [[Geostatistics]]
* [[Photogrammetry]]
* [[Remote sensing]]
* [[Spatial data analysis]]
* [[Surveying]]
* [[Topography]]
==See also==
{{Main cat|Geographic data and information}}
* [[Geomatics engineering]]
* [[Earth observation data]]
* [[Geographic feature]]
* [[Georeferencing]]
* [[Geospatial intelligence]]
* [[Spatial_contextual_awareness#Ubiquitous_geographic_information_(UBGI)/Ubiquitous_cartography|Ubiquitous geographic information]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Roger A. Longhorn; Michael Blakemore (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Geographic_Information.html?id=SiWEEvUvTSkC Geographic Information: Value, Pricing, Production, and Consumption]''. CRC Press.
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
[[Category:Geographic data and information| ]]
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