View source for Gloria al Bravo Pueblo

{{Short description|National anthem of Venezuela}}
{{Infobox anthem
| title         = {{lang|es|italic=no|Gloria al Bravo Pueblo}}
| english_title = 'Glory to the Brave People'
| alt_title     = {{lang|es|italic=no|La Marsellesa Venezolana}}
| en_alt_title  = 'The Venezuelan Marseillaise'
| image         =
| image_size    =
| caption       =
| prefix        = National
| country       = Venezuela
| author        = [[Vicente Salias]] or [[Andrés Bello]]
| lyrics_date   = 1810
| composer      = [[Juan José Landaeta]] (attributed)
| music_date    =
| adopted       = 1881
| until         =
| sound         = United_States_Navy_Band_-_Gloria_al_Bravo_Pueblo.ogg
| sound_title   = [[U.S. Navy Band]] instrumental rendition in [[B-flat major]]}}
"'''{{lang|es|italic=no|Gloria al Bravo Pueblo}}'''" ({{IPA|es|ˈɡloɾja al ˈβɾaβo ˈpweβlo|pron}}; {{lit|Glory to the Brave People}}) is the [[national anthem]] of [[Venezuela]]. Its lyrics were written by physician and journalist [[Vicente Salias]] in 1810, set to music later composed by musician Juan José Landaeta. Owing to musical similarities with the [[La Marseillaise|French national anthem]], beginning in 1840 "{{lang|es|italic=no|Gloria al Bravo Pueblo}}" was known as "{{lang|es|italic=no|La Marsellesa Venezolana}}" ('The Venezuelan Marseillaise'). It was declared Venezuela's national anthem by decree of President [[Antonio Guzmán Blanco]] on May 25, 1881.
Recent investigations have suggested that the real author of the anthem was [[Andrés Bello]] – and not Salias – to whom it was originally credited, and the music was composed by another musician called [[Lino Gallardo]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} However, this theory has yet to be proven, and lacks any real recognition among the general Venezuelan population, historians, or otherwise.
== History ==
[[File:19 de abril.jpg|thumb|''The 19th of April, 1810'', by Juan Lovera.]]
The Patriotic Society was formed in Caracas as a result of the Revolution of April 19, 1810, One of its meetings, Existed by the Success of Its Patriotic Song, Caraqueños, Otra Época Inicia. Composed by Cayetano Carreño and Lyrics by Andrés Bello, suggested that the proposal for the Society was also launch a Patriotic March that stimulated the mood for the undecided. On April 18, 1868, newspaper ''El Federalista'' published the official lyrics written by Salias, which commemorated the 58th Anniversary of Independence the day before in the capital, mentioned that "in the halls of the University and in the presence of large public, before the speeches, a «martial music» performed several pieces, among them the National Anthem ".
Commissioned by President [[Antonio Guzmán Blanco]], Dr. [[Eduardo Calcaño]], a valuable composer and musician, adequately fulfilled the task of fixing the musical text of the Anthem, which he did while preserving the martial brilliance of the melody, without attempting to alter it or give it another expression.
On May 25, 1881, the Gloria al Bravo Pueblo was definitively consecrated as the National Anthem of Venezuela, by means of a decree issued by the then President, Antonio Guzmán Blanco. After this decree and the publications of the National Anthem that were made in 1883 , a new official edition was produced in 1911 to commemorate the centenary of independence, which was entrusted to Salvador Llamozas. In 1947 the current structure of the musical and lyricial ambiance was overhauled by composer Juan Bautista Plaza.
=== Disputed composition ===
However, this theory has not been fully proven; although the truth is that both [[Juan José Landaeta]] and Lino Gallardo belonged to the "School of Music of Caracas", the central activity of the "Archdiocesan Oratory of Caracas", founded by [[Pedro Palacios y Sojo]].{{clarify|date=September 2020}}
It was thus that one of the members of the Patriotic Society, poet [[Vicente Salias]], improvised there the first verses of the National Anthem on it was originally written around 1810 as a patriotic hymn. Later official modifications have been written by Eduardo Calcaño (1881), Salvador Llamozas (1911) and Juan Bautista Plaza (1947).
== Lyrics ==
<div style="overflow-x:auto;">
{| cellpadding="6"
!Spanish original<ref>{{Cite web |title=Información general sobre Venezuela |url=https://www.venez.pl/informacion-general-sobre-venezuela/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=Embajada de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela en la Republica de Polonia |language=es-VE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sousa |first=John Philip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hcg2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA277 |title=National, Patriotic and Typical Airs of All Lands: With Copious Notes |date=1890 |publisher=H. Coleman |language=en |page=277}}</ref>
!IPA transcription{{efn|See [[Help:IPA/Spanish]] and [[Venezuelan Spanish]].}}
!English translation
!Wayuu version
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
|<poem>{{lang|es|italic=no|{{small|'''Coro:'''}}
𝄆 Gloria al Bravo Pueblo
que el yugo lanzó
la ley respetando
la virtud y honor 𝄇
𝄆 «¡Abajo cadenas!» 𝄇
𝄆 Gritaba el Señor 𝄇
y el pobre en su choza
libertad pidió
A este santo nombre
tembló de pavor
el vil egoísmo
que otra vez triunfó
𝄆 A este santo nombre 𝄇
tembló de pavor
𝄆 el vil egoísmo
que otra vez triunfó 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Coro'''}}}}
𝄆 Gritemos con brío 𝄇
𝄆 ¡Muera la opresión! 𝄇
Compatriotas fieles
la fuerza es la unión
y desde el empíreo
el Supremo Autor
un sublime aliento
al pueblo infundió
𝄆 y desde el empíreo 𝄇
el Supremo Autor
𝄆 un sublime aliento
al pueblo infundió 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Coro'''}}}}
𝄆 Unida con lazos 𝄇
𝄆 que el cielo formó 𝄇
la América toda
existe en Nación
y si el despotismo
levanta la voz
seguid el ejemplo
que Caracas dio
𝄆 y si el despotismo 𝄇
levanta la voz
𝄆 seguid el ejemplo
que Caracas dio 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Coro'''}}}}}}</poem>
|<poem>{{IPA|wrap=none|{{small|'''[ˈko.ɾo]'''}}
𝄆 [ˈɡlo.ɾj(a)‿al ˈβɾa.βo ˈpwe.βlo]
[k(e)‿el ˈɟʝu.ɣo lan.ˈso {{!}}]
[la ˈlej res.pe.ˈtan.do]
[la βiɾ.ˈtuð i‿o.ˈnoɾ ‖]
𝄆 [a.ˈβa.xo ka.ˈðe.nas ‖] 𝄇
𝄆 [ɡɾi.ˈta.βa‿el se.ˈɲoɾ ‖] 𝄇
[i‿el ˈpo.βɾ(e)‿en su ˈtʃo.sa]
[li.βeɾ.ˈtað pi.ˈðjo {{!}}]
[a‿ˈes.te ˈsan.to ˈnom.bɾe]
[tem.ˈblo ðe pa.ˈβoɾ {{!}}]
[el ˈβil e.ɣo.ˈiz.mo]
[ke‿ˈo.tɾa ˈβes tɾjuɱ.ˈfo ‖]
𝄆 [a‿ˈes.te ˈsan.to ˈnom.bɾe] 𝄇
[tem.ˈblo ðe pa.ˈβoɾ {{!}}]
𝄆 [el ˈβil e.ɣo.ˈiz.mo]
[ke‿ˈo.tɾa ˈβes tɾjuɱ.ˈfo ‖] 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''[ˈko.ɾo]'''}}}}
𝄆 [ɡɾi.ˈte.mos kom ˈbɾi.o ‖] 𝄇
𝄆 [ˈmwe.ɾa la‿o.pɾe.ˈsjon ‖] 𝄇
[kom.pa.ˈtɾjo.tas ˈfje.les]
[la ˈfweɾ.sa‿ez la‿u.ˈnjon {{!}}]
[i ˈðez.ð(e)‿el em.ˈpi.ɾe.o]
[el su.ˈpɾe.mo‿aw.ˈtoɾ {{!}}]
[un su.ˈβli.me‿a.ˈljen.to]
[al ˈpwe.βlo‿iɱ.fun.ˈdjo ‖]
𝄆 [i ˈðez.ð(e)‿el em.ˈpi.ɾe.o] 𝄇
[el su.ˈpɾe.mo‿aw.ˈtoɾ {{!}}]
𝄆 [un su.ˈβli.me‿a.ˈljen.to]
[al ˈpwe.βlo‿iɱ.fun.ˈdjo ‖] 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''[ˈko.ɾo]'''}}}}
𝄆 [u.ˈni.ða kon ˈla.sos ‖] 𝄇
𝄆 [k(e)‿el ˈsje.lo foɾ.ˈmo ‖] 𝄇
[l(a)‿a.ˈme.ɾi.ka ˈtoða]
[ek.ˈsis.t(e)‿en na.ˈsjon {{!}}]
[i si‿el des.po.ˈtiz.mo]
[le.ˈβan.ta la ˈβos {{!}}]
[se.ˈɣið el e.ˈxem.plo]
[ke ka.ˈɾa.kaz ˈðjo ‖]
𝄆 [i si‿el des.po.ˈtiz.mo] 𝄇
[le.ˈβan.ta la ˈβos {{!}}]
𝄆 [se.ˈɣið el e.ˈxem.plo]
[ke ka.ˈɾa.kaz ˈðjo ‖] 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''[ˈko.ɾo]'''}}}}}}</poem>
|<poem>{{small|'''Chorus:'''}}
𝄆 Glory to the brave people
who [[Venezuelan War of Independence|shook off the yoke]],
The law respecting,
virtue and honour. 𝄇
𝄆 "Down with chains!" 𝄇
𝄆 Shouted the Lord; 𝄇
And the poor man in his hovel
For Freedom implored.
Upon this holy name
Trembled in great dread
The vile selfishness
That had once prevailed.
𝄆 Upon this holy name 𝄇
Trembled in great dread
𝄆 The vile selfishness
That had once prevailed. 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Chorus'''}}}}
𝄆 Let's scream out aloud: 𝄇
𝄆 "[[Venezuela Province|Death]] [[Viceroyalty of New Granada|to]] [[Captaincy General of Venezuela|oppression]]!" 𝄇
Oh, [[Simon Bolivar|loyal countrymen]]:
Strength is unity;
And from the [[Empyrean]]
The [[Creator God|Supreme Author]]
A sublime spirit
To the people blew;
𝄆 And from the Empyrean 𝄇
The Supreme Author
𝄆 A sublime spirit
To the people blew. 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Chorus'''}}}}
𝄆 United by bonds 𝄇
𝄆 That [[Heaven in Christianity|Heaven]] has formed, 𝄇
The entire America
Exists as a Nation;
And if ever despotism
Raises again its voice,
Then follow the example
That [[Caracas]] gave;
𝄆 And if ever despotism 𝄇
Raises again its voice,
𝄆 Then follow the example
That [[Caracas]] gave. 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Chorus'''}}}}</poem>
|<poem>{{lang|guc|italic=no|{{small|'''Koro:'''}}
𝄆 Ju'wajüna Jaashichin Woumain
Süka Taashajiraippain
Suma Kojutuin Tü Leikat
Anamia Je Wayuuwaa 𝄇
𝄆 «¡Süsiwata Apüü!» 𝄇
𝄆 A'watchi Washitkai 𝄇
Je Chi Mojushkai Sulu'uje Nipia'ata
Achuntushi Taashii
Sükaje Tü Anülie Pülaskat
Eimolojoosü Jeema
Tü Maalijirawakat
Tü Ayamütka Jüchikua'aya
𝄆 Sükaje Tü Anülie Pülaskat
Eimolojoosü Jeema 𝄇
𝄆 Tü Maalijirawakat
Tü Ayamütka Jüchikua'aya 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Koro'''}}}}
𝄆 Emetulu Wekiisa 𝄇
𝄆 Kettaiwa Tü Müliakat 𝄇
Wa'lemuyuuwa
Shia Watchinka Tü Paa'inwajiwawaakat
Je Chaje Iipünaje, Chi
Kakumalakai Kasa
¡Toolo Jaa'in! Müshi
Jümüin Wayuu.
𝄆 Je Chaje Iipünaje, Chi
Kakumalakai Kasa 𝄇
𝄆 ¡Toolo Jaa'in! Müshi
Jümüin Wayuu. 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Koro'''}}}}
𝄆 Apatkunajiraanüsü 𝄇
𝄆 Jutuma Sirumakat 𝄇
Eiipa Amerika
Sulu'u Mmain
Ma'aka Jiyalerai Tü
E'raakat Wayuumüin
Ju'uwaata Jümüin
Jüshata Tü Jaa'inraka Karaaka
𝄆 Ma'aka Jiyalerai Tü
E'raakat Wayuumüin 𝄇
𝄆 Ju'uwaata Jümüin
Jüshata Tü Jaa'inraka Karaaka 𝄇
{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Koro'''}}}}}}</poem>
|}</div>
[[File:Himno Nacional de Venezuela en Wayuunaiki.ogv|thumb|Children singing the national anthem in [[Wayuu language|Wayuunaki]], Maracaibo, {{circa|2009}}.]]
== Regulations and usage ==
The official broadcast of the national anthem is played on all radio stations, national and regional television networks every day of the week at 12:00 am and 6:00 am (sometimes on 12:00 pm during National Holidays) mandatorily accorded by the law passed in 1954 (either the full version or the chorus, first stanza and chorus).
On radio broadcasts in some of the regional radio stations, the state anthem is played after the national anthem, which is also the case for state TV stations.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
In most occasions, only the chorus, first stanza and the chorus are played, or even the chorus itself. Sometimes the chorus is played twice in the beginning, and once in the rest of the anthem. In formal events (if the anthem will be played by either a [[military band]], [[concert band]] or [[orchestra]]) the format is: chorus (2x), first verse and chorus (2x), with the optional introduction. If played in full the chorus is sung twice, with or without the introductory notes.
== References ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607060922/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html CIA.gov]
{{reflist}}
=== Notes ===
{{notelist}}
== External links ==
{{commons category|National anthem of Venezuela}}
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.efemeridesvenezolanas.com Efemérides Venezolanas], for detailed information.
* {{in lang|es}} [https://archive.today/20121225061639/http://www.bibliotecabicentenaria.bnv.gob.ve/indexphp?option=com_content&view=article&id=138:gloria-al-bravo-pueblo-1810&catid=78:archivos-sonoros&Itemid=104 Gloria al Bravo Pueblo (1810)]
* [http://nationalanthems.me/venezuela-gloria-al-bravo-pueblo/ Venezuela: ''Gloria al Bravo Pueblo'' - Audio of the national anthem of Venezuela, with information and lyrics] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180415111655/http://nationalanthems.me/venezuela-gloria-al-bravo-pueblo/ archive link])
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCb1diJyreA Gloria al Bravo Pueblo (short version 1987) - Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolivar]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XL-vutDg_M Gloria al Bravo Pueblo - Presidential Honor Guard Band]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lV7BRdE_YIo Gloria al Bravo Pueblo (ceremony version) by Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolivar]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qetG30mipTQ Gloria al Bravo Pueblo by Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolivar]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2YtFykr8CM vocal]
{{National Anthems of South America}}
{{National Symbols of Venezuela}}
{{Venezuela topics}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:National symbols of Venezuela]]
[[Category:South American anthems]]
[[Category:Venezuelan songs]]
[[Category:Anthems of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Songs in Spanish]]
[[Category:1810 songs]]
[[Category:1881 introductions]]
[[Category:National anthems]]
[[Category:Andrés Bello]]
[[Category:Compositions in B-flat major]]