View source for Goggles

{{for|1969 children's picture book|Goggles!}}
{{pp-semi|small=yes}}
{{short description|Forms of protective eyewear that do not enclose the nose}}
[[File:Your Quota Two eyes that see Protect them 2012 002 7217 xg94hq433 crop.tiff|thumb|upright |Laboratory safety advisory about the importance of protective goggles, 1955]]
'''Goggles''', or '''safety glasses''', are forms of [[Eye protection|protective eyewear]] that usually enclose or protect the area surrounding the eye in order to prevent particulates, water or [[Chemical substance|chemicals]] from striking the [[human eye|eye]]s. They are used in [[chemistry]] laboratories and in [[woodworking]]. They are often used in snow sports as well, and in the [[swimming (sport)|sport of swimming]]. Goggles are often worn when using [[power tool]]s such as [[drill]]s or [[chainsaw]]s to prevent flying particles from damaging the eyes. Many types of goggles are available as prescription goggles for those with vision problems.
== History ==
The [[Inuit]] and [[Yupik peoples|Yupik]] carved [[snow goggles]] from the [[antler]]s of  [[reindeer|caribou]], wood, and shell to help prevent [[Photokeratitis|snow blindness]]. The goggles were curved to fit the user's face and had a large groove cut in the back to allow for the nose. A long thin slit was cut through the goggles to allow in a small amount of light, diminishing subsequent [[ultraviolet]] rays. The goggles were held to the head by a cord made of caribou [[tendon|sinew]].
In the early 20th century, goggles were worn by drivers of uncovered cars to prevent irritation of the eyes by dust or wind.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alfred C. Harmsworth|title=Motors and Motor-driving|publisher=Longmans, Green, and Company|year=1904|url=https://archive.org/details/motorsandmotord01harmgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/motorsandmotord01harmgoog/page/n112 73]}}</ref> Likewise in the first ten years after the invention of the airplane in 1903 goggles became a necessity as wind blow became more severe as aircraft speeds increased and as protection against bugstrikes at high altitudes. The first pilot to wear goggles was probably [[Charles M. Manly|Charles Manly]] in his failed attempt to fly [[Samuel Langley|Samuel Langley's]] aerodrome in 1903.
In 1875, [[Matthew Webb]] attempted to use a form of goggles without a seal (which he called "barnacles") on his first attempt at [[List of successful English Channel swimmers|swimming across the English Channel]], the intent was to shield his eyes from the splashing of the salt water.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dolphin |title=The Channel Feats of Captain Webb and Captain Boyton |publisher=[[Dean & Son]] |year=1875 |location=London |language=en}}</ref>
==Types==
The requirements for goggles varies depending on the use. Some examples:
* Cold weather: Most modern cold-weather goggles have two layers of [[Lens (optics)|lens]] to prevent the interior from becoming "foggy". With only a single lens, the interior [[water vapor]] condenses onto the lens because the lens is colder than the vapor, although [[anti-fog]] agents can be used. The reasoning behind the dual layer lens is that the inner lens will be warm while the outer lens will be cold. As long as the temperature of the inner lens is close to that of the interior water vapor, the vapor should not condense. However, if water vapor gets between the layers of the lens, condensation can occur between the lenses and is almost impossible to get rid of; thus, properly constructed and maintained dual layer lenses should be airtight to prevent water vapor from entering between the lenses.
* [[Swimming]]: Must be watertight to prevent water, such as [[Seawater|salt water]] when swimming in the [[ocean]], or [[Chlorine|chlorinated]] water when swimming in a pool, from irritating the eyes or blurring vision. Allow swimmers to see clearly underwater. They will not be usable more than a few feet underwater, because the water pressure will press them tightly against the face. (Below this limit, a [[diving mask]] must be used, which allows the user to equalize pressure by exhaling air through the nose.) Examples of these include [[Swedish goggles]].
* [[Power tool]]s: Must be made of an unbreakable material that prevents chunks of metal, wood, plastic, concrete, and so on from hitting or piercing the eye, usually [[polycarbonate]].  Usually has some sort of ventilation to prevent sweat from building up inside the goggles and fogging the surface.
* [[Oxy-fuel welding and cutting#Safety|Blowtorch goggles]]: These protect the eyes from glare and flying sparks and hot metal splashes while using or near a [[blowtorch]]. They are not the correct filters for [[arc welding]].
* [[Welding helmet|Welding goggles]]: Includes all goggles for eye protection during welding or cutting. They provide protection against debris, the heat from welding, and, with the proper filters, the optical radiation resulting from the welding, which can otherwise cause [[arc eye]].
* [[Motorcycle]] riding and other open-air activities: Prevents insects, dust, and so on from hitting the eyes.
* [[Laboratory]] and [[research]]: Combines impact resistance with side shields to prevent chemical splashes reaching the eyes. May also include [[Laser safety|laser protection]] which would be covered by [[EN 207]] (Europe) and ANSI Z 136 (United States). Examples of these include [[dark adaptor goggles|red adaptation goggles]].
* [[Racquetball]]: Protect the eyes from racquets swinging in an enclosed area and from impact from hard rubber ball.
* [[Winter sports]]: Protect the eyes from [[Glare (vision)|glare]] and from icy particles flying up from the ground. Double lens anti-fog ski goggles were invented and patented by Robert Earl "Bob" Smith.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxsports.com/olympics/story/ski-goggle-pioneer-bob-smith-dies-042712 |title=Ski goggle pioneer Bob Smith dies |work=Fox Sports |date=2012-04-27 |access-date=2020-06-25 |archive-date=2020-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627233231/https://www.foxsports.com/olympics/story/ski-goggle-pioneer-bob-smith-dies-042712 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite patent|country=US|number=4528701|pubdate=1985-07-16|title=Goggle with a renewable protective surface|inventor1-last=Smith|inventor1-first=Robert E.}}</ref><ref>{{cite patent|country=US|number=4428081|pubdate=1984-01-31|title=Goggle with a renewable protective surface|inventor1-last=Smith|inventor1-first=Robert E.}}</ref> Visible Light Transmission (VLT) or S value describes the percentage of light allowed through the lens.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sport-conrad.com/|title=Sport Conrad|website=www.sport-conrad.com/|access-date=2020-11-13|archive-date=2019-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730112307/https://www.sport-conrad.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Astronomy]] and [[meteorology]]: [[dark adaptor goggles]] are used before going outside at night, in order to help the eyes adapt to the dark.
* [[Basketball]]: Several [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] players have worn goggles during play, including [[Kareem Abdul-Jabbar]], [[James Worthy]], [[Horace Grant]], [[Kurt Rambis]] and [[Amar'e Stoudemire]]; they prevent a fellow player from scratching or hitting the eyes when trying to grab the basketball. In most circumstances, a player starts wearing protective goggles to prevent ''further'' injury to the eyes.
*[[Gaelic handball]] and [[squash (sport)|squash]]: goggles are worn to protect the eye from injury by the ball. The ball used in these sports is smaller than the [[Orbit (anatomy)|eye socket]], meaning that it can strike the eyeball directly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theracketlife.com/best-squash-goggles/|title=Best Squash Goggles|first=Zeid|last=Kaddoura|date=December 28, 2022|website=The Racket Life|access-date=February 20, 2023|archive-date=February 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220121200/https://theracketlife.com/best-squash-goggles/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opticianonline.net/features/sports-injuries-never-saw-coming|title=Sports injuries: 'I never saw it coming' - Optician|website=www.opticianonline.net|access-date=2023-02-20|archive-date=2023-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220121114/https://www.opticianonline.net/features/sports-injuries-never-saw-coming|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://imj.ie/epidemiology-of-injury-in-gaelic-handball/|title=Epidemiology of Injury in Gaelic Handball – Irish Medical Journal|access-date=2023-02-20|archive-date=2023-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328145404/https://imj.ie/epidemiology-of-injury-in-gaelic-handball/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Aviation]]: In open [[cockpit]] aircraft, such as old [[biplane]]s, [[Aircraft pilot|aviators]], such as [[Amelia Earhart]] and [[Charles Kingsford Smith]], would wear goggles to help protect from the wind and are still in use today. Examples of these include the [[AN-6530 goggles]].
* [[Virtual reality]]: A virtual reality headset, sometimes called "goggles", is a wrap-around visual interface to display computer output. Commonly the computer display information is presented as a three-dimensional representation of real-world environments.
* [[Alcohol intoxication|Drunkenness]]: Goggles designed to simulate the vision altering effects of [[psychoactive drug]]s, in particular [[Alcoholic beverage|alcohol]]. Examples include [[Fatal Vision (goggles)|Fatal Vision goggles]]. There are no studies that have found beneficial effects of use of fatal vision goggles on the likelihood that individuals will later engage in impaired driving.<ref name="MeekerSI">{{cite journal |last1=Meeker |first1=Miranda |last2=Kehl |first2=LeAnna |title=Substance use: Are specialized goggles effective at preventing impaired driving |journal=[[Skeptical Inquirer]] |date=2020 |volume=44 |issue=3 |page=56}}</ref><ref name="Jewell1">{{cite journal |last1=Jewell |first1=J |last2=Hupp |first2=S.D. |title=Examining the effects of fatal vision goggles on changing attitudes and behaviors related to drinking and driving |journal=Journal of Primary Prevention |date=2005 |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=553–565|doi=10.1007/s10935-005-0013-9 |pmid=16228116 |s2cid=19762828 }}</ref>
==Goggle types==
{{Gallery
|title=Goggle types
|File:Inuit snow goggles.jpg
|An [[Inuit|Inuk]] wearing traditional [[snow goggles]] made from [[Reindeer|caribou]] antler with [[Tendon|sinew]] for a strap
|File:Aviator Wilmer Stultz in 1928 (cropped).jpg
|Aviation goggles as worn by [[Wilmer Stultz]] in 1928
|File:Swim goggles.jpg
|Swimming goggles
|File:Safety goggles and masks are worn by workers on operations8d18009v.jpg
|Safety goggles and helmets, [[Bell Aircraft]], 1943
|File:US Navy 021220-N-0192B-002 Hull Technician uses a blowtorch to trim a steel plate aboard PCU Ronald Reagan.jpg
|Goggles used in [[oxy-fuel welding and cutting]] known as [[blowtorch]]ing goggles
|File:FIS Ski Jumping World Cup Ladies Hinzenbach 20170205 DSC 0205.jpg
|alt6=A professional skier wearing ski goggles. The skier is also wearing a blue helmet and holding skis over her shoulder.
|Professional skier [[Chang Xinyue]] wearing ski goggles
|File:Picador.JPG
|Bullfighting horse wearing eye protection
|File:German Sheppard w doggles.jpg
|A [[United States Army]] [[Belgian Shepherd ]] wearing [[Doggles]]-brand goggles to protect his eyes from dust in Afghanistan
|File:1930 motorist protective goggles.jpg
|Safety glasses for motorcycle drivers, circa 1930, to protect against rain, wind and insects
|File:Dark adaptor goggles.jpg
|[[Dark adaptor goggles]] are used by observers to preserve their natural [[night vision]]
}}`
== Fashion ==
Goggles are often worn as a fashion statement in certain subcultures, most often as part of the [[cybergoth]] subculture. They are usually worn over the eyes or up on the forehead to secure 'falls': a type of long, often brightly coloured, synthetic hairpiece. Fans of the [[steampunk]] genre or subculture also frequently wear steampunk-styled goggles, particularly when performing in a [[live action role-playing game]].
Goggles are also frequently used by [[anime]] and [[manga]] characters as a fashion statement. For example, it is an idiosyncrasy of team leader characters in the ''[[Digimon]]'' anime to wear goggles. Other notable characters who wear goggles are the young [[Naruto Uzumaki]] and Konohamaru from [[Naruto]],  Matt from ''[[Death Note]]'' and [[Usopp]] from ''[[One Piece]]''.
==Non-human==
Goggles are available for [[horse]]s used in speed sports such as [[horse racing]].<ref>Landers T. A. (2006) Professional Care of the Racehorse, Revised Edition: A Guide to Grooming, Feeding, and Handling the Equine Athlete.  Blood Horse Publications. 308 pages. Page 138.</ref>  In some traditions of horse mounted [[bullfighting]], the horse may wear a protective cloth over its eyes.
Goggles have been used on [[Dogs in warfare|military working dogs]], for protection in harsh conditions, such as sandstorms and rotorwash from helicopters.
== See also ==
{{Commons category|Goggles}}
* {{annotated link|Ballistic eyewear}}
* {{annotated link|Beer goggles}}
* {{annotated link|Night-vision device}}
* {{annotated link|Personal protective equipment}}
* {{annotated link|Safety engineering}}
* {{annotated link|Visor}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Glasses}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Goggles| ]]
[[Category:Protective gear]]