View source for Gopsall

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| coordinates              = {{coord|52.658997|-1.494484|display=inline,title}}
| official_name            = Gopsall
| population               =
| population_ref           =
| static_image_name        = Gopsall Hall and Park.jpg
| static_image_caption     = Engraving of Gopsall Hall
| shire_district           = [[Hinckley and Bosworth]]
| shire_county             = [[Leicestershire]]
| region                   = East Midlands
| civil_parish             = [[Twycross]]
| constituency_westminster =
| postcode_district        = CV9
| postcode_area            = CV
| post_town                = ATHERSTONE
| dial_code                = 01530
| os_grid_reference        = SK 34594 06819
| london_distance          = 170 km
}}
'''Gopsall''' is a former [[civil parish]], now in the parish of [[Twycross]], in the [[Hinckley and Bosworth]] district, in the county of [[Leicestershire]], England. It is located between the villages of [[Appleby Magna]], [[Shackerstone]], Twycross and [[Snarestone]]. In 1931 the parish had a population of 13.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10378760/cube/TOT_POP|title=Population statistics Gopsall ExP/CP through time|publisher=[[A Vision of Britain through Time]]|accessdate=12 December 2022}}</ref> Gopsall was formerly an [[extra-parochial tract]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/place/10847|title=History of Gopsall, in Hinckley and Bosworth and Leicestershire|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=12 December 2022}}</ref> from 1858 Gopsall was a civil parish in its own right, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Twycross.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10378760|title=Relationships and changes Gopsall ExP/CP through time|publisher=A Vision of Britain through Time|accessdate=12 December 2022}}</ref>
The name 'Gopsall' means 'hill of the servants'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Leicestershire/Gopsall|title=Key to English Place-names|website=kepn.nottingham.ac.uk|access-date=2 September 2021|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902090116/https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js|url-status=live}}</ref>
Gopsall is the site of a former [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] [[country house]] that was known as Gopsall Hall. The northern edge of the estate is dissected by the [[Ashby Canal|Ashby-de-la-Zouch Canal]] and a [[long distance trail]] known as the [[Ivanhoe Way]].
The area is mostly agricultural and is dotted with privately owned farms. A combination of public and permissive footpaths allows limited access to the public between [[Little Twycross]] and Shackerstone.  A permissive footpath also allows access to Gopsall Temple ruins within Racecourse wood. The [[A444 road|A444]] [[Ashby-de-la-Zouch|Ashby]] to [[Nuneaton]] road also leads to a canal wharf on the western edge of the estate.
==Gopsall Hall==
Gopsall Hall<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hinckleypastpresent.org/gopsallhall.html |title=Gopsall Hall was once the grandest Georgian country house in Leicestershire |access-date=26 July 2017 |archive-date=5 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305211129/http://hinckleypastpresent.org/gopsallhall.html |url-status=live }}</ref> was erected for [[Charles Jennens]] around 1750 at a cost of £100,000 (£8,516,000 today{{Ref|money}}). It was long believed to have been designed by [[John Westley (architect)|John Westley]] and built by the [[Hiorns]] of [[Warwick]], who later added service wings and [[Rococo]] interiors.{{Ref|leaflet}} However, later research by [[John Harris (curator)|John Harris]], curator of the [[Royal Institute of British Architects|RIBA]] drawings collection suggests that it was designed as well as built by William or David Hiorns.<ref>{{cite book|last=Harris|first=John|title=Georgian country houses|year=1968|publisher=Country Life Books|location=London}}</ref>
The Hall was set in several hundred acres of land and included two lakes, a walled garden, a Chinese boathouse, a Gothic seat and various garden buildings. In 1818 a grand entrance (modelled on the [[Arch of Constantine]]) was added.{{Ref|leaflet}}
[[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]] was a frequent visitor to the Hall during her long widowhood. She was popular with the locals, being remembered in many of the surrounding villages. (E.g. The former Queen Adelaide Pub in [[Appleby Magna]], Queen Street, [[Measham]] and the Queen Adelaide Oak Tree in [[Bradgate Park]])
In 1848 Gopsall Hall was described as follows:
{{quote|
Gopsall Hall, an extra-parochial liberty, in the union of [[Market Bosworth]], hundred of [[Sparkenhoe]], S. division of the [[county of Leicester]], 4¼ miles (a little under 7km N. W. by W.) from Market Bosworth. This place comprises {{convert|724|acre|km2}}, nearly all park; and is the property of Earl Howe, whose large and elegant mansion, on a gentle eminence nearly in the centre of the Park, was built by Charles Jennens, Esq., about the year 1750, at a cost of more than £100,000. The principal front looks towards the south, and on each side is a wing projecting {{convert|27|ft|m}}, the whole length being {{convert|180|ft|m}}; the grounds are adorned with temples, are finely wooded, and well stocked with deer. The Ashby-de-la-Zouch canal passes close to the north-east side of the Park, and on its western side is the Ashby and Atherstone road. Here was a cell to the abbey of [[Merevale]], in the [[Warwickshire|county of Warwick]].{{Ref|topographical}}}}
Said to be the finest country house in Leicestershire, its last use was as an army headquarters during [[World War II]], and was in such bad repair that it was demolished in 1951.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ludwig-van.com/toronto/2012/12/16/charles-jennens-the-unsung-inspiration-behind-george-frideric-handels-messiah/|title=Charles Jennens the unsung inspiration behind George Frideric Handel's Messiah|date=16 December 2012|access-date=25 December 2020|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902090116/https://www.ludwig-van.com/toronto/2012/12/16/charles-jennens-the-unsung-inspiration-behind-george-frideric-handels-messiah/|url-status=live}}</ref> Gopsall Park Farm was built over most of the original site and is not accessible without invitation.
The remains include parts of the walled garden, the electricity generating building, an underground reservoir, the tree-lined avenue, the gatehouse and the temple ruins associated with Handel.
During the 1920s and 1930s Gopsall hosted motor racing speed trials and there were plans for an international racing circuit and airfield to be built.
Notable guests who stayed at the estate included [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]], [[King Edward VII]], [[Queen Alexandra]], and [[Winston Churchill]].
Land around Gopsall was considered as a possible site for [[East Midlands Airport]].
Between 1873 and the 1930s Gopsall was served via the Ashby to [[Nuneaton]] railway line.  The [[Shackerstone railway station|station at Shackerstone]] is part of a preserved railway and visitor attraction ([[Battlefield Line Railway]]). During December 1902 King Edward VII, Queen Alexandra along with other dignitaries arrived at the station in the new LNWR Royal Train on their way to Gopsall Hall. The arrival did not go to planned, with the Kings exit door failing to open and the party having to alight from elsewhere on the carriages.
There was a [[Great Western Railway]] steam locomotive by the name of "Gopsal Hall". Note the misspelling of the name.
<gallery>
File:CS p2.288 - Gopsal Hall, Leicestershire - Morris's County Seats, 1868.jpg|1868 view
File:Gopsall North Front.jpg|North Front of Gopsall Hall
File:Gopsall-deer.jpg|Deer in Gopsall Park
File:Gopsall-gatehouse.jpg|The Gate House at Gopsall Park
File:Gopsall Hall and Park.jpg
File:Gopsall-chapel.jpg|Chapel at Gopsall Hall
Image:Gopsall Temple.jpg|Remains of Gopsall Temple
</gallery>
[[File:Charles Jennens2.jpg|thumb|200px|Charles Jennens]]
===Chronology of owner===
* circa 1068:  Hugh d'Avaranches
* 1071 - 1148:  Henry de Ferrers (Ferrieres) and heirs
* 1148 - c.1350:  Roger de Grendon and heirs
* c.1350 - 1564:  The Langham family
* 1564 - 1604:  Sir George Hastings
* 1604 - 1618:  Henry Hastings
* 1618 - 1677:  Sir Thomas Merry (Merrye)
* 1677 - 1685:  Sir John Lowther of Lowther Hall
* 1685 - 1690:  Humphrey Jennens
* 1690 - 1747:  Charles Jennens senior
* 1747 - 1773:  [[Charles Jennens]], grandson of Humphrey Jennens
* 1773 - 1797:  Penn Assheton Curzon, grandnephew of Charles Jennens and son of [[Assheton Curzon, 1st Viscount Curzon]].
* 1797 - 1870:  [[Richard Curzon-Howe, 1st Earl Howe|Richard Curzon-Howe]] (Earl Howe), son of Penn Assheton Curzon and Sophia Howe (Baroness Howe)<ref>Sophia was Baroness Howe in her own right, as daughter of [[Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe|Admiral Richard Howe (1726-1799), Baron Howe, 1st Earl Howe of the 1st creation]].  In 1821, Sophia's son Richard Curzon-Howe was created 1st Earl Howe of the second creation.</ref>
* 1870 - 1919:  the Curzon-Howe family
* 1919 – 1932:  [[Samuel Waring, 1st Baron Waring|Sir Samuel James Waring (Lord Waring)]] (Gopsall Estate, Park & Hall)
* 1932 – 1951:  [[Crown Estate]] (Most of the Gopsall Estate excluding Gopsall Park & Hall) (NOTE: the Hall, demolished in 1952 was never owned by the Crown Estate.  After Lord & Lady Waring died (1940 & 1941), Panton Investments owned the Park and Hall until they went bankrupt in 1951)
* 1951-2017:  [[Crown Estate]]. (All the Estate including Gopsall Park and the land originally occupied by the Hall)
* 2017: Estate sold to some sitting tenant farmers and the rest, called "Shackerstone Estate" was sold to Chris Stamper (of Rare Computing, Twycross)
==Gopsall Temple==
Gopsall temple, based upon an original design by James Paine, was built by William and David Hiorn.  The temple structure was probably completed c.1759.
In 2002 the temple was part of a restoration project and it is also a Grade II [[listed building]].
It is possible to visit the monument via the public footpath near the old Gopsall Hall Gatehouse entrance in the village of Shackerstone. It is a good 15 minute walk to the site.
A statue of Religion by [[Louis Francois Roubiliac]] (c.1760) stood on the roof of the temple.  A cenotaph (Richard Haywood, 1764) was placed in the temple as a memorial to the classical scholar (and Jennens’s friend) [[Edward Holdsworth]]. In 1857, the statue of Religion was donated by Lord Howe to the [[Leicester|City of Leicester]] and is housed in the gardens of [[Belgrave Hall Museum]].  Holdsworth's cenotaph was purchased by Leicester Museums in 1951 and is also in the gardens of Belgrave Hall.
==Handel’s ''Messiah''==
During the second half of the eighteenth century the estate was owned by [[Charles Jennens]] (a [[librettist]] and friend of [[George Frideric Handel]]). It is often, incorrectly stated that in 1741 Handel composed part of [[Messiah (Handel)|''Messiah'']], his famous [[oratorio]], inside a garden temple at Gopsall.{{Ref|leaflet}}  Although it is known that Handel visited Gopsall{{Ref|musicaltimes}}, he could not have written ''Messiah'' (1741) while sitting in the temple.  Gopsall Hall was still not completed in 1750 and the building of the temple had not been started.    Indeed,  [[Charles Jennens]] didn't inherit the estate until 1747, on the death of his father Charles Jennens senior (1662-1747).
The organ that Handel specified for Charles Jennens in 1749 is now to be found in [[St James' Church, Great Packington]].
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
#{{note|census}} Census output area 31UEGL0005 covers most of the area around Gopsall Park.  For further details visit [http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/ Neighbourhood Statistics website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507114341/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/ |date=7 May 2017 }}
#{{note|musicaltimes}} The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular, Vol. 43, No. 717 (November 1, 1902), pp.&nbsp;713–718 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3369538 website link]
#{{note|topographical}} Lewis, Samuel (Eds), A Topographical Dictionary of England., (7th Edition, 1848). [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=50985&strquery=gopsall#s10 British History website]
#{{note|monarchy}} Details of Crown Estate ownership can be found on [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903022316/http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/tce_faqs.htm The Crown Estate website]
#{{note|money}} Details of old money conversion can be found at [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/currency/results.asp#mid The National Archives - Currency converter: 1270–2017]
==Further reading==
* Matthews, John & Foley, Mike.  'Gopsall - A Millennium of Influence' [ISBN 978-1-80068-316-7] (Independent Publishing Network, Dec. 2021; see http://congerstonevillage.co.uk)
* Matthews, John & Stoney, Lynn. 'Gopsall & Congerstone at War' [ISBN 978-1-83853-326-7] (Independent Publishing Network, June 2020; see http://congerstonevillage.co.uk)
* Smith, Ruth 'The Achievements of Charles Jennens (1700–1773)', Music & Letters, Vol. 70, No. 2 (May, 1989), pp.&nbsp;161–190
* Lewis, Samuel (Eds), A Topographical Dictionary of England, 1848 (7th Edition), 'Goodneston - Gosforth', pp.&nbsp;315–19.
==External links==
*[http://congerstonevillage.co.uk/ Gopsall Hall history and books]
*[https://www.hinckleypastpresent.org/gopsallhall.html Gopsall Hall history and photos]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20010615174748/http://www.handelhouse.org/ Handel House Museum website]
*[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/moldenhauer/2428129.pdf Letter from Handel to Charles Jennens regarding the organ for Gopsall]
*[http://www.bhamorgan.org.uk/organs/050.htm The Gopsall Organ]
*[http://www.hymntime.com/tch/htm/r/e/rejtlord.htm The tune from the Messiah by Handel "Gopsal" (Rejoice, the Lord is King!)]
*[http://www.nortonjuxtatwycross.org.uk/gopsal_gallery.htm Pictures of Gopsall]
*[http://www.gopsallfishingclub.org.uk/ Gopsall Fishing Club]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Leicestershire]]
[[Category:Ruins in Leicestershire]]
[[Category:Geography of Leicestershire]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Leicestershire]]
[[Category:Grade II listed buildings in Leicestershire]]
[[Category:Crown Estate]]
[[Category:Twycross]]