View source for Graham District, Mason County, West Virginia

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Graham District, Mason<br>County, West Virginia
|settlement_type          = [[Minor civil division|Magisterial district]]
|nickname                 =
|motto                    =
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|image_map                = Mason County Graham District Highlighted.png
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Graham District in Mason County
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<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[West Virginia]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in West Virginia|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Mason County, West Virginia|Mason]]
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|established_title        = Established
|established_date         = 1863
|named_for         = William Graham
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|unit_pref  =  Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="NCSGF">[[United States Census Bureau]], ''National County Subdivisions Gazetteer File: West Virginia'', retrieved 6 October 2019.</ref>
|area_magnitude           =
|area_total_km2           =
|area_land_km2            =
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         = 26.15
|area_land_sq_mi          = 24.5
|area_water_sq_mi         = 1.65
<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = 2020
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="2020 Census">United States Census Bureau, [[United States Census, 2020|2020 Decennial Census]].</ref>
|population_total         = 2,618
|population_density_km2   =
|population_density_sq_mi = 105
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|timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = EDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name="USBGN">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=October 5, 2019|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=August 23, 2001}}</ref>
|elevation_m              = 234
|elevation_ft             = 768
|coordinates              = {{coord|38|57|10|N|81|57|30|W|region:US-WV|display=inline,title}}
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|blank_name               = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank_info               = 1928276<ref name="USBGN" />
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'''Graham Magisterial District''' is one of ten [[Minor civil division|magisterial districts]] in [[Mason County, West Virginia|Mason County]], [[West Virginia]], United States. The district was originally established as a [[civil township]] in 1863, and converted into a magisterial district in 1872.<ref>"Division of the County into Townships", in ''Hardesty's Biographical Atlas of Mason County, West Virginia'', H.H. Hardesty & Co., New York, Toledo, and Chicago (1882).</ref>  In 2020, Graham District was home to 2,618 people.<ref name="2020 Census"/>
==Geography==
Graham District is located on the western side of the Great Bend of the [[Ohio River]], in the northern end of Mason County. It is bounded on the west by [[Waggener District, Mason County, West Virginia|Waggener District]], to the southwest by [[Robinson District, Mason County, West Virginia|Robinson District]], and to the south by [[Cooper District, Mason County, West Virginia|Cooper District]]. Across the river to the southeast is [[Letart Township, Meigs County, Ohio|Letart Township]], and to the northeast [[Sutton Township, Meigs County, Ohio|Sutton Township]], both in [[Meigs County, Ohio]].<ref name="Hardesty's Graham">"Graham District", in ''Hardesty's Atlas of Mason County''.</ref><ref name="USGS Ravenswood">United States Geological Survey, Topographical Maps, West Virginia–Ohio, Ravenswood Quadrangle (ed. Oct. 1908).</ref><ref>United States Geological Survey, Topographical Maps, West Virginia–Ohio, Point Pleasant Quadrangle (ed. Sept. 1908).</ref>
At just over twenty-six square miles, Graham District ranks eighth out of Mason County's ten magisterial districts in total area; the only districts smaller than Graham are [[Lewis District, Mason County, West Virginia|Lewis]] and Waggener.<ref name="NCSGF"/>  Much of Graham District is hilly, but there are fertile bottom lands along the Ohio, while the central and southern portions of the district consist of a plateau known as "Upper Flats" or "Dutch Flats", covered by a thin layer of soil consisting of white clay. Thin coal seams run throughout the county, and there are abundant salt deposits along the river.<ref name="Hardesty's Graham"/>
The main streams are West Creek, which flows northeast and empties into the Ohio River at [[Graham Station, West Virginia|Graham Station]]; Little Broad Run, which flows northward and meets the Ohio just above [[New Haven, West Virginia|New Haven]]; and Big Broad Run, or just Broad Run, which flows north and enters the Ohio at New Haven. Lesser streams include Seaman Run, which flows northeast and joins Broad Run just south of New Haven; Twomile Creek, which flows northeast and joins the Ohio above Graham Station; and Sliding Hill Creek,{{efn-lr|Most of Sliding Hill Creek is in Graham District, but its mouth is just to the west in Waggener District. The older portion of Hartford is in Graham District, to the east; the western portion is in Waggener.}} which flows northward into the Ohio at [[Hartford City, West Virginia|Hartford]].<ref name="Hardesty's Graham"/><ref name="USGS Ravenswood"/>
The only incorporated communities in Graham District are New Haven and Hartford, the western part of which lies in Waggener District. Unincorporated communities include Graham Station, Longdale, Vernon, Union, and White Church.<ref name="USGS Ravenswood"/>  The only highway in the district is [[West Virginia Route 62]], which roughly parallels the Ohio River, follows the course of Pike Street in Hartford and Fifth Street in New Haven, and is known locally as Graham Station Road above New Haven.
==History==
{{US Census population
|1870= 2325
|1880= 2260
|1890= 2124
|1900= 1987
|1910= 1780
|1920= 1703
|1930= 1739
|1940= 1872
|1950= 2313
|1960= 2520
|1970= 2651
|1980= 2938
|1990= 2781
|2000= 2774
|2010= 2756
|2020= 2618
|align-fn=center
|footnote=United States Census Bureau,<br>''U.S. Decennial Census'',<br>1870–2020.<ref>'''1870:''' ''1870 Census: Volume 1. The Statistics of the Population of the United States'' (1872).  Table III: "Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties", p. 285 (West Virginia), continued.  '''1880:''' ''1880 Census: Volume 1. Statistics of the Population of the United States'' (1883).  Table III: "Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties", p. 364 (West Virginia), continued.   '''1890:''' ''Eleventh Census - Volume 1. (Part I & Part II) Report on Population of the United States'' (1895).  Table 5, "Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890", p. 355 (West Virginia), continued.  '''1900:''' ''1900 Census: Volume I. Population, Part 1'' (1901).  Table 5, "Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1890 and 1900", p. 410 (West Virginia), continued.  '''1910:''' ''1910 Census: Volume 3. Population, Reports by States, with Statistics for Counties, Cities, and Other Civil Divisions: Nebraska-Wyoming, Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Pico'' (1913).  West Virginia, p. 1020, Table 1, "Population of Minor Civil Divisions: 1910, 1900, and 1890", continued.  '''1920:''' ''1920 Census: Volume 1. Population, Number and Distribution of Inhabitants'' (1921).  West Virginia, p. 664, Table 53, "Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1900", continued.  '''1930:''' ''1930 Census: Volume 1. Population, Number and Distribution of Inhabitants'' (1931).  West Virginia, p. 1297, Table 21, "Population by Sex, Color, Age, etc., for Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930", continued.  '''1940:''' ''1940 Census of Population: Volume 1. Number of Inhabitants. Total Population for States, Counties, and Minor Civil Divisions; for Urban and Rural Areas; for Incorporated Places; for Metropolitan Districts; and for Census Tracts'' (1942).  West Virginia, p. 1149, Table 4, "Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920 to 1940", continued.  '''1950:''' ''1950 Census of Population: Volume 2. Characteristics of the Population'' (1953), Part 48, West Virginia, p. 48-10, Table 6, "Populations of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930–1950", continued.  '''1960:''' ''1960 Census: Population, Volume 1.  Characteristics of the Population (1961)''.  Part 50: West Virginia, p. 50-12, Table 7: "Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions", 1940–1960, continued.  '''1970:''' ''1970 Census – Population, Advance Report: Final Population Counts'' (1970).  West Virginia, p. 5, Table 2, "Population of County Subdivisions: 1970 and 1960", continued.  '''1980:''' ''Characteristics of the Population: General Social and Economic Characteristics: 1980'' (1983).  Part 50: West Virginia, p. 50–100, Table 44, "General Characteristics for Counties and County Subdivisions: 1980", continued.  '''1990:''' ''1990 Census of Population: General Population Characteristics'' (1992).  Part 50: West Virginia, p. 169, Table 76, "General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990", continued.  '''2000:''' ''Summary Population and Housing Characteristics'' (2002).  Part 50: West Virginia, p. 8, Table 1, "Age and Sex: 2000", continued.</ref>
}}
The land that would become Mason County, West Virginia was first surveyed in 1772 by a team led by [[George Washington]]. They surveyed a tract of 51,302 acres, just over eighty square miles, north of a line drawn between Letart Falls and the mouth of Threemile Creek on the [[Kanawha River|Great Kanawha]], including all of Graham District, all of Waggener, and most of Robinson and Lewis Districts. The land was patented to them on December 15, 1772, by [[John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore|Lord Dunmore]], the [[list of colonial governors of Virginia|royal governor]] of Virginia, on behalf of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]]. Most of Graham District consists of a 6,000-acre tract allocated to John West, occupying the east portion of the district, and the neighboring 6,000 acres allocated to John Polson, forming the center of the district. The segment of Graham District lying north of Robinson and running northward along the boundary with Waggener District consists of the eastern ends of tracts originally allocated to Andrew Waggener, George Muse, and Peter Hog, making up part of the balance of 4,736 acres out of Graham District's total of 16,736; the remainder consists of submerged land in the Ohio River, not included in the original survey, but reserved by Virginia when it ceded its claims to the [[Northwest Territory]] in 1784.<ref name="Original Survey">Deed from King George III, by Lord Dunmore, to George Muse, Adam Stephens, Andrew Lewis, Peter Hog, John West, John Polson, and Andrew Waggener, December 15, 1772, recorded in Mason County Deed Book 21, folios 115–118, January 29, 1868 (F.W. Sisson, recorder).</ref><ref>"Lands Located in Mason County Prior to the Revolution", in ''Hardesty's Atlas of Mason County''.</ref>
John Polson sold his 6,000-acre tract to William Graham, a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] minister from [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], who hoped to establish a settlement in western Virginia for himself and his followers. In 1798, Graham and several families that had agreed to join his colony traveled to what would soon become Mason County, clearing several acres of land, and building a small fort. The following year, Graham returned to Richmond on business, and there died of a fever. His followers abandoned the settlement, and returned east. The place where they settled became known as Graham Station. Graham's heirs sold the land at public auction, where it was purchased by John Roush of [[Shenandoah County, Virginia|Shenandoah County]] on behalf of himself and his brothers, Jacob, Henry, Daniel, George, and Jonas, except for 150 acres that Graham had sold to Michael Siegrist before his death. The Roushes and their relatives settled on the land.<ref name="Hardesty's Graham"/><ref>"John Polson" in ''Hardesty's Atlas of Mason County''.</ref><ref>Deed from Andrew Lewis, Edward H. McDonough, and Samuel Henderson, commissioners, to John Rousch, December 22, 1812, recorded in Mason County Deed Book 'C', folios 99–101.</ref>
In 1820, Thomas Hoffman established a water-powered grist mill, the first in the district, on Broad Run; he built a sawmill on Broad Run the next year. The first steam-powered mill was built in 1836 by Michael Zirckel. Gideon Henkel, a nephew of [[Paul Henkel]], established a [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] Church about 1820, to serve the heavily German settlers, many of whom had come from the [[Shenandoah Valley]] with his uncle, the Roushes, and the Zirckels. The community of White Church, on Upper Flats, was built around a Presbyterian church organized by Francis Dutton in 1834. Union was built around a [[Church of the United Brethren in Christ|United Brethren]] church built in 1850, although the congregation dates from 1836.<ref name="Hardesty's Graham"/>
Hartford City was founded in 1853, on land originally granted to Andrew Waggener along the Ohio River, but subsequently attached to Graham District. A salt well was bored in 1855, and the same year saw the establishment of the district's first post office, at Hartford. The town was incorporated in 1863, and is thought to have been named after [[Hartford, Connecticut]].<ref>"Hartford City", in ''Hardesty's Atlas of Mason County''.</ref><ref>Hamill Kenny, ''West Virginia Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning, including the Nomenclature of the Streams and Mountains'', Place Name Press, Piedmont, W.Va. (1945), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015009099824;view=1up&seq=328;size=125 p. 300].</ref>  New Haven may have been established around the same time; supposedly it was called "New London" until 1856, when miners from Connecticut arrived to open the first coal mines, and renamed the village after their native town.<ref>Kenny, ''West Virginia Place Names'', [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015009099824;view=1up;seq=471;size=125 p. 443].</ref>
After West Virginia gained its independence from Virginia in 1863, the legislature enacted a law requiring the counties to be divided into civil townships. Mason County was divided into ten townships, each of which was named after a pioneer settler of Mason County. Graham Township, which like the other townships was converted into a magisterial district in 1872, was named after William Graham. It is the only Graham District in the state.<ref name="Hardesty's Graham"/><ref>Kenny, ''West Virginia Place Names'', [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015009099824&view=1up&seq=307 p. 279].</ref>  John West's name is remembered by West Creek—which flows northeast, on the eastern side of the county—the land originally allocated to West.<ref name="Original Survey"/>
==Notes==
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==References==
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==External links==
*[https://masoncounty.wv.gov/Pages/default.aspx County website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023030838/http://masoncounty.wv.gov/Pages/default.aspx |date=October 23, 2019 }}
{{Mason County, West Virginia}}
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[[Category:Magisterial districts in Mason County, West Virginia]]
[[Category:Magisterial districts in West Virginia]]