View source for Grdeša

{{Short description|12th century Serbian count}}
{{Infobox person
|name        =Grd / Grdeša
|image       = Grd3.jpg
|caption     = [[Grd of Trebinje Tablet|The tombstone of Grd]]
|image_size  =
|birth_date  = ca. 1120
|death_date  = 1178 or ca. 1180
|occupation  = Nobility, military leader
|title       = ''[[župan]]''
|module      = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
|allegiance    =[[Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages|Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Serbian Grand Principality]]
|serviceyears  = fl. 1150–51
|battles       =
*[[Battle of Tara (1150)]]
}}
}}
'''Grdeša''' ({{lang-sr-cyr|Грдеша}}, {{langx|la|Gerdessa, Gurdeses}}; {{floruit}} 1150–51) or '''Grd''' was a local [[South Slavic people|Slavic]] chieftain from the region surrounding [[Trebinje]], who ruled the area with a title of ''[[župan]]''. He was mentioned in 1150–51 as vassal of the Grand Prince [[Uroš II, Grand Prince of Serbia|Uroš II]] of [[Serbia]].
It is believed that Grdeša was born around 1120. In 1150 he was one of the military commanders in the army of [[Uroš II, Grand Prince of Serbia|Uroš II]] of Serbia that fought the [[Byzantine Empire]]; the combined Serbo-Hungarian army suffered defeat at the [[Battle of Tara (1150)|Battle of Tara]], where Grdeša and fellow Duke '''Vučina''' (Bучинa) where captured.{{sfn|Brand|1976|p=87}}{{Secondary source needed|date=December 2023|reason=John Kinnamos is primary source so we need secondary sources to confirm that his account is accepted by modern scholar of High Middle Ages Balkans, such as J.A.Fine or some local Serbo-Croatian language historian of the era.}} It is assumed the prisoners were taken to [[Sredets (medieval Bulgaria)|Sredets]], but were released in 1151.{{sfn|Kalić-Mijušković|Ferjančić|Radošević|Ostrogorski|1971}} The death of Grd is placed in 1178 or around 1180.{{sfn|Kalić-Mijušković|Ferjančić|Radošević|Ostrogorski|1971}} He had a son, ''župan'' Pribilša, who "died in the time of [[Stephen Vladislav I of Serbia]]".{{sfn|Mihaljčić|Steindorff|1982|pp=112-114}}
His tomb (''[[stećak]]'') was found at the local community of Police in Trebinje.{{sfn|Jireček|Jagić|1912|p=12}} The tablet mentions him "in the days of Grand Prince [[Mihailo III of Duklja|Mihailo]]" as the ''župan'' of [[Trebinje]], and also his brother ''župan'' '''Radomir''' (Радомир), and his family.{{sfn|Mihaljčić|Steindorff|1982|pp=112-114}}{{sfn|Jireček|Jagić|1912|p=12}} The stećak is the oldest found and is currently held at the Museum of Herzegovina in Trebinje.<ref>Muzej Hercegovine Trebinje, [http://muzejhercegovine.org/pages/inline2/arheologija/zupan_grd.htm Ćirilički natpis sa grobne ploče župana Grda, gospodara Trebinja, druga polovina XII v.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727103632/http://muzejhercegovine.org/pages/inline2/arheologija/zupan_grd.htm |date=2011-07-27 }}</ref> A [[spur]] of his is in the collection of the National Museum in [[Sarajevo]].
A charter, believed to be written in 1151, was found, and in it [[Desa of Serbia|Desa]], the younger brother of Uroš II, gifted the island of [[Mljet]] to the monastery of Saint Mary in [[Apulia]], of which witnesses were ''"iupanus Gerdessa, Desimir, setnicus Rastessa, iupanos Grubessa, Petrus comes Raguseorum..."'', however, this was proven to be a falsification dating from the 13th century.<ref>{{cite journal | first = Ivan | last = Kampuš | title = Novi prilozi o lokrumskim falsifikatima i Desinoj darovnici pulsanskim Benediktincima | url = http://www.historiografija.hr/hz/1962/HZ_15_21_KAMPUS.pdf | journal = Historijski zbornik | editor-first = Jaroslav | editor-last = Šidak | language = Croatian | publisher = Savez povijesnih društava Hrvatske / Štamparski zavod "Ognjen Prica" | location = Zagreb | year = 1963 | access-date = 2012-11-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714040510/http://www.historiografija.hr/hz/1962/HZ_15_21_KAMPUS.pdf |archive-date= Jul 14, 2015 }}</ref>
[[File:Grd1.jpg|thumb|300px|center|Stećak of '''Grdeša''', the oldest one found.{{sfn|Kalić-Mijušković|Ferjančić|Radošević|Ostrogorski|1971}}]]
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==Sources==
*{{cite book|last=Brand|first=Charles M.|title=Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iJFFvsgNO-QC&pg=PA87|year=1976|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-52155-0}}
*{{cite book|last1=Mihaljčić|first1=Rade|last2=Steindorff|first2=Ludwig|title=Namentragende Steininschriften in Jugoslawien vom Ende des 7. bis zur Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qlVJAAAAYAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Steiner Franz Verlag|isbn=978-3-515-03873-7}}
*{{cite book|last1=Jireček|first1=Konstantin|last2=Jagić|first2=Vatroslav|title=Staat und Gesellschaft im mittelalterlichen Serbien: Studien zur Kulturgeschichte des 13.-15. Jahrhunderts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jb4RAQAAMAAJ|year=1912|publisher=Zentralantiquariat der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik}}
*{{cite book|first1=Jovanka |last1=Kalić-Mijušković |first2=Božidar |last2=Ferjančić |first3=Ninoslava |last3=Radošević |first4=Georgije |last4=Ostrogorski |first5=Franjo |last5=Barišić |title=Vizantijski izvori za istoriju naroda Jugoslavije |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VFydNAEACAAJ |year=1971 |publisher=Vizantološki institut SANU }}
==Further reading==
*{{citation|last=Radojičić|first=Đorđe|year=1931|title=Grdeša trebinjski župan XII veka|work=Prilozi za KJIF}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grdesa}}
[[Category:12th-century South Slavs]]
[[Category:People from the Grand Principality of Serbia]]
[[Category:Medieval Serbian military leaders]]
[[Category:People from Trebinje]]
[[Category:Medieval history of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Medieval literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Texts of medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Slavic warriors]]