View source for Greenops

{{Short description|Extinct genus of trilobite}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Eifelian]]-[[Frasnian]]<br />~{{fossilrange|398|375}}
| image = Greenops widderensis.jpg
| image_caption = ''G. widderensis'' Widder Shale, Arkona, Ontario CA
| taxon = Greenops
| authority = Delo, 1935<ref name='LiebermanKloc'>{{cite journal|last1= Lieberman|first1= B.S.|last2= Kloc|first2= G.J.|year= 1997|title= Evolutionary and biogeographical patterns in the Asteropyginae (Trilobita, Devonian) Delo, 1935|journal= Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History|volume= 232|hdl= 2246/1623|url= http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/1623|accessdate= 16 December 2013}}</ref>
| synonyms = ''Cryphaeus'' <small>Green, 1837</small> non ''Cryphaeus'' <small>Klug, 1833</small>, a [[Tenebrionidae|Tenebrionid]] beetle
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
{{specieslist
|G. boothi|(Green, 1837) <small>([[Type (biology)|type]])</small> [[Synonym (taxonomy)|=]] ''Cryphaeus boothi''
|G. barberi|Lieberman & Kloc, 1997
|G. chilmanae|Strumm, 1965
|G. grabaui|Lieberman & Kloc, 1997
|G. widderensis|Lieberman & Kloc, 1997
}}
}}
'''''Greenops''''' is a mid-sized [[Devonian]] [[trilobite]] of the order [[Phacopida]], subfamily Asteropyginae.
They are mainly reported from the mid-Devonian Hamilton Group of upstate New York and southwestern Ontario. A similar-looking trilobite from Morocco is often mis-labelled ''Greenops''. ''Greenops'' had schizocroidal eyes (resembling compound eyes in insects), large genal spines and short, sharp spines at the tip of each segment of the pygidium ("tail"). ''Greenops'' lived in warm, fairly deep water. In the [[Hamilton Group]] of New York, they are found with ''[[Eldredgeops]]'', ''[[Dipleura]]'' and ''[[Bellacartwrightia]]'', a trilobite that resembles ''Greenops'' but has much larger pygidial spines. In Ontario, they are found in the Widder Formation, which outcrops at Arkona, where they are, by far, the dominant trilobite.
''Greenops''' average size is about {{convert|1|to|1+1/2|in|mm|round=5|order=flip|abbr=off}}. They were fairly common trilobites, and are easily identified. While it is rare to find a complete  disarticulated body, segments and tails are fairly common. They are fairly common finds in Late Devonian limestones, especially storm deposits. They are identified by their tails, which sport several spines. They were medium to small sized trilobites, which were most likely preyed upon by ammonoids, straight cephalopods, sharks, and small [[placoderm]]s, hence the defensive spines. All of these animals have been found in close association with this trilobite. ''Greenops'' can also be found in deep marine deposits, but there it is fairly rare. ''Greenops'' was a small, yet charmingly beautiful trilobite, like its close companion ''Eldredgeops''.
== Taxonomy ==
=== Species previously assigned to ''Greenops'' ===
Some species originally described under this genus have since been reassigned to other genera.<ref name='LiebermanKloc'/>
* ''G. alpensis'' = ''[[Kayserops|Kayserops alpensis]]''
* ''G. arkonensis'' = ''[[Stummiana|Stummiana arkonensis]]''
* ''G. chaconae'' = ''[[Breizhops|Breizhops chaconae]]''
* ''G. haasi'' = ''[[Deloops|Deloops haasi]]''
* ''G. osismorum'' = ''[[Stummiana|Stummiana osismorum]]''
* ''G. pleione'' = ''[[Bellacartwrightia|Bellacartwrightia pleione]]''
* ''G. stellifer'' = ''[[Neometacantus|Neometacantus stellifer]]''
* ''G. struvei'' = ''[[Modellops|Modellops struvei]]''
* ''G. transversensis'' = ''[[Kayserops|Kayserops transversensis]]''
== Distribution ==
Fossils of ''Greenops'' have been found in France, the [[Floresta Formation]] of the [[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]], Colombia,<ref name=Morzadec>Morzadec et al., 2015, p.348</ref> Libya, Spain, United States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, New York, Pennsylvania), Canada (Arkona, Ontario) and the [[Caño del Oeste Formation]] of Venezuela.<ref name=FWGreenops>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=21502 ''Greenops''] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>
== References ==
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
{{Reflist}}
=== Bibliography ===
* {{citation |last1=Morzadec |first1=Pierre |last2=Mergl |first2=Michal |last3=Villarroel |first3=Carlos |last4=Janvier |first4=Philippe |last5=Racheboeuf |first5=Patrick R. |year=2015 |title=Trilobites and inarticulate brachiopods from the Devonian Floresta Formation of Colombia: a review |url=http://www.geology.cz/bulletin/fulltext/1515_Morzadec.pdf |journal=[[Bulletin of Geosciences]] |volume=90 |pages=331–358 |doi=10.3140/bull.geosci.1515 |accessdate=2017-04-04}}
== Further reading ==
* Ludvigsen, Rolf, ''Fossils of Ontario, Part 1: The Trilobites''. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum Press, 1983
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5604373}}
[[Category:Acastidae]]
[[Category:Devonian trilobites of Africa]]
[[Category:Devonian trilobites of Europe]]
[[Category:Devonian France]]
[[Category:Devonian trilobites of North America]]
[[Category:Extinct animals of North America]]
[[Category:Devonian trilobites of South America]]
[[Category:Devonian Colombia]]
[[Category:Fossils of Colombia]]
[[Category:Devonian Venezuela]]
[[Category:Middle Devonian first appearances]]
[[Category:Frasnian extinctions]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1935]]
[[Category:Jeffersonville Limestone]]
[[Category:Floresta Formation]]