View source for Gromov Flight Research Institute

{{Short description|Russian aerospace research and testing centre}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Expand Russian|topic=transp|Лётно-исследовательский институт имени М. М. Громова|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Gromov Flight Research Institute
| native_name         = Лётно-исследовательский институт имени М. М. Громова
| native_name_lang    = RU
| logo = Лётно-исследовательский институт имени М. М. Громова (logo).png
| image = Airport control. MAKS-2013.jpg
| type = [[Joint-stock company]]
| industry = [[Aerospace]]
| fate =
| predecessor = <!-- or: | predecessors = -->
| successor = <!-- or: | successors = -->
| founded = {{Start date and age|1941}}
| founder = [[Mikhail Gromov (aviator)|Mikhail Gromov]]
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| hq_location_city = [[Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast|Zhukovsky]]
| hq_location_country = Russia
| area_served = Europe and Asia
| key_people =
| products =
| owner = [[Russia|Russian Federation]]
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = <!-- Year of num_employees data (if known) -->
| parent = [[United Aircraft Corporation]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Companies|url=http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/corporation/company/|website=UAC Russia|access-date=May 18, 2017|language=ru}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|www.lii.ru}} {{in lang|ru}}
}}
The '''Gromov Flight Research Institute''' or '''GFRI''' for short ({{langx|ru|link=no|Лётно-исследовательский институт имени М.&nbsp;М.&nbsp;Громова}}, {{langx|ru|link=no|ЛИИ}}) is an important Russian State Research Centre which operates an aircraft test base located in [[Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast|Zhukovsky]], 40&nbsp;km south-east of [[Moscow]]. The airfield is also known as [[Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast|Ramenskoye]] air base.
The airfield was used as the backup landing site for the [[Buran (spacecraft)|Shuttle Buran]] test program and also as a test base for a [[Buran (spacecraft)|Buran's]] [[aerodynamic]] [[OK-GLI|prototype BTS-002]].
GFRI periodically hosts the [[MAKS (air show)|MAKS]] International Air Show (Aviasalon).<!-- The next ([[MAKS Airshow|MAKS]] 2019) is scheduled to take place also in Zhukovsky.-->
At present, GFRI also hosts [[Zhukovsky International Airport]].
== History ==
=== Foundation ===
The Flight Research Institute was founded on March 8, 1941, in accordance with the decree of [[Sovnarkom]] and the Central Committee of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]. [[Mikhail Gromov (aviator)|Mikhail Gromov]], a [[test pilot]], [[Hero of the Soviet Union]], became its first chief. From the very beginning the institute participated in development and testing of aircraft and airborne systems, conducted flight research in order to pave the way to further scientific activities.
The first years of the institute's existence fell on the [[Great Patriotic War|war times]]. During the war experts of the institute kept developing recommendations to eliminate defects in flight qualities and war-fighting capabilities of the aircraft, flight testing of the aircraft prototypes, studied the foreign aircraft and equipment, both purchased and taken as trophies.
=== Cold War ===
Zhukovsky airfield was the Soviet Union's equivalent to the US Edwards AFB and as such many types of aircraft underwent evaluation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thelexicans.wordpress.com/2013/07/30/western-aircraft-in-the-ussr/|title = Western Aircraft in the USSR|date = July 30, 2013}}</ref>
Here some western aircraft were tested or analyzed:{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}
* Wrecks from F-111s shot down over North Vietnam were sent to Zhukovskiy to be analyzed.
* Pieces of US planes shot down in North Vietnam and their captured electronic countermeasures equipment were taken for evaluation (F-111, A-6, A-7, B-52, F-4, F105, etc.).
* Captured VNAF helicopters are believed to have been tested (UH-1H, CH-47).
=== Perestroika times ===
[[File:Ilyushin Il-76LL (RA-76529 (cn 073410308)) D-236T Propfan Engine.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Ilyushin Il-76]]LL testbed with [[Progress D-27]] engine prototype]]
[[File:Sukhoi Su-27P in 1995.jpg|thumb|250px|Modified [[Sukhoi Su-27]]P aeroplane (1995)]]
[[File:GLL scramjet maks2009.jpg|thumb|[[GLL-AP]] hypersonic scramjet testbed]]
In 2001 GFRI had a staff of about 5000 then headed by Vyacheslav M. Bakaev. Number of research flying test-beds was about 70 complemented with 20 multipurpose test stands and simulators. The institute also supported [[Fedotov Test Pilot School]]. Newly built by AMST of Austria centrifuge then was one of the advanced in the world having a gondola with a 3D visual projection system and formed the core of GFRI's aerospace medical research complex. As said Vilgelm I. Vid (GFRI deputy chief for civil aviation) the institute pioneered a civil [[aircraft upset]] recovery system to decrease a number of [[CFIT]] accidents originated in aeroplane upsets. However, Bakaev said GFRI was passing through economic difficulties as most Russian aeronautical facilities. The institute was downsized by about 30% since 1996, and most of the test aircraft were underutilized.<ref name=AWST>{{Cite journal |last=Covault |first=Craig |date=30 April 2001 |title=Russian Gromov Center Adds Centrifuge, Seek Partners |journal=Aviation Week and Space Technology |volume=154 |issue=18 |pages=78-79 |issn=0005-2175}}</ref>
Due to financial problems in the 1990s (known as [[perestroika]] times), tourist fighter flights in former secret jets became available, mainly for wealthy western tourists. The security check was comparable to the Russian visa. On offer for flights was the [[Aero L-39 Albatros]] jet trainer, the Soviet-built [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]], [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23]], [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25|MiG-25]] for stratosphere "Edge of Space" flights, the [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29|MiG-29]] Fulcrum and even the [[Sukhoi Su-27]] Flanker.<ref>[http://www.migflug.com Sukhoi Su-27 Flight, Zhukovsky Airbase]</ref> From June 2006, such flights were stopped.<ref>[http://www.vyazmarus.com Vyazma Rus Display Team] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202194808/http://vyazmarus.com/ |date=February 2, 2011}}</ref>
The airline was established by the institute in 1995 as a wholly owned commercial subsidiary and named Gromov Air (later [[Moskovia Airlines]]).
== Current research and development activities ==
* Aerospace flight research and testing in low and high speed aerodynamics, flight dynamics, propulsion and avionics technologies ([[GLL-8 (Gll-VK) Igla]]).<ref name="BLOOM">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=208508932 |title=Company Overview of Public Joint-Stock Company "Gromov Flight Research Institute" |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=www.bloomberg.com |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=2017-12-25 }}</ref><ref name="ISTC">{{cite web |url=http://www.istc.int/ru/institute/8408 |title=Gromov Flight Research Institute |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=www.istc.int/ru |publisher=International Science and Technology Center |access-date=2017-12-25 }}</ref><ref name="Hamel2017">{{cite book |date=2017 |editor-last=Hamel |editor-first=Peter G. |title=In-flight simulators and fly-by-wire/light demonstrators : a historical account of international aeronautical research |url=http://searchfirst.library.unsw.edu.au/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=UNSWS&docId=UNSW_ALMA51215234610001731&fromSitemap=1&afterPDS=true |location=Cham, Switzerland |publisher=Springer |pages=345 |isbn=9783319539973}}</ref>
* Testing and certification services for prototype aircraft and on-board equipment.<ref name="ISTC"/>
* Research in aircraft flight safety, reliability, maintainability and other operating capabilities.<ref name="ETH2012">{{cite book |last1=Деркач |first1=Олег |last2=Петров |first2=Андрей |last3=Полтавец |first3=Владимир |last4=и др. |date=2012 |title=Эксплуатационно-технические характеристики и обеспечение эксплуатации авиационной техники |trans-title=Aircraft Operating Capabilities and Operations Support |url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/search#yf=2012&yt=2012&q=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8 |language=RU |location=Москва |publisher=ООО "Широкий взгляд" |pages=140 |isbn=978-5-904465-03-2}}</ref>
* [[Fedotov Test Pilot School]] for training test pilots, navigators, and on-board test engineers.<ref name="ShLI2002">{{cite book |date=2002 |editor-last=Знаменская |editor-first=Наталья |title=ШЛИ со временем |trans-title=ShLI in Time |url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/search#yf=2002&yt=2002&q=%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC |language=RU |edition=2 |location=Жуковский |publisher=ООО "Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести" |pages=400 }}</ref>
* Development, production and operation of a variety of [[Testbed aircraft|flying testbeds]] including those based on the [[Tu-154]], [[Su-30]], [[Il-76]], [[Il-103]] aeroplanes, [[Mi-8]] helicopters, etc.<ref name="ISTC"/><ref name="Hamel2017"/>
* Development and production of flight testing instrumentation (low and high frequency data collection solid state storage systems, vibration parameters measuring devices, instant temperature sensors, miniaturized flat piezoresistance beat and pressure distribution sensors, hot-wire airflow velocity vector transducers and aerodynamic friction stress measurement products, etc.).<ref name="BLOOM"/>
== Testbed aeroplanes ==
<gallery widths="250" heights="200">
File:Gromov Flight Test Institute Tupolev Tu-154M Pichugin.jpg|[[Tupolev Tu-154]]B/M-based testbed (2010)
File:Flight Research Institute, M. Gromov Ilyushin Il-76LL PS689709.jpg|[[Ilyushin Il-76]]LL testbed with [[Aviadvigatel PD-14|PD-14]] engine prototype (2015)
File:Beriev Be-976 (Il-76SKIP), Flight Research Institute AN0076932.jpg|[[Ilyushin Il-76]]LL SKIP testbed (1999)
File:Ilyushin IL-103, Russia - Gromov Flight Research Institute JP7189211.jpg|[[Ilyushin Il-103]] testbed (2011)
</gallery>
== Notable employees ==
=== Heads of the institute ===
* [[Mikhail Gromov (military)|Mikhail Gromov]] (March – August 1941)
* {{ill|Alexandr Chesalov|lt=Alexandr Chesalov|ru|Чесалов, Александр Васильевич}} (1941–1942 and 1943–1947)
* [[Vasily Molokov]] (1942–1943)
* {{ill|Ivan Petrov (aviator)|lt=Ivan Petrov|ru|Петров, Иван Фёдорович (генерал-лейтенант)}} (1947–1951)
* Alexandr Kobzarev (1951–1954)
* {{ill|Nickolay Stroev|lt=Nickolay Stroev|ru|Строев, Николай Сергеевич}} (1954–1966)
* {{ill|Victor Utkin|lt=Victor Utkin|ru|Уткин, Виктор Васильевич}} (1966–1981)
* [[Arseny Mironov]] (1981–1985)
* {{ill|Konstantin Vasilchenko|lt=Konstantin Vasilchenko|ru|Васильченко, Константин Константинович}} (1985–1995)
* Felix Zolotariev (1995–1998)<ref name="ZhVesti2017">{{Cite web |url=http://www.zhukvesti.ru/blogs/detail/40371/ |script-title=ru:ЛИИ – Институт, который выдержал невзгоды |publisher=www.zhukvesti.ru |language=ru |access-date=2018-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116005910/http://www.zhukvesti.ru/blogs/detail/40371/ |archive-date=January 16, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Viacheslav Bakaev (1998–2004)<ref name="ZhVesti2017"/>
* Yury Klishin (2005–2006)<ref name="ZhVesti2017"/>
* Vadim Shalygin (2006–2007)<ref name="ZhVesti2017"/>
* Evgeny Gorbunov (2007–2009)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aviationunion.ru/managements_directorate.php?mandir=3 |script-title=ru:Генеральный директор Союза авиапроизводителей России – Горбунов Евгений Алексеевич |publisher=www.aviationunion.ru |language=ru |access-date=2018-01-13}}</ref>
* [[Pavel Vlasov]] (2010–2017)
* {{ill|Evgeny Pushkarsky|lt=Evgeny Pushkarsky|ru|Пушкарский, Евгений Юрьевич}} (since 2017)
=== Scientists, test pilots, navigators, and engineers ===
* [[Sergei Anokhin (test pilot)|Sergei Anokhin]]
* [[Yuri Garnaev]]
* [[Anatoly Kvochur]]
* [[List of Heroes of the Russian Federation (K)|Viktor Korostiev]]
*[[Anatoly Levchenko]]
* [[List of Heroes of the Russian Federation (L)|Leonid Lobas]]
* [[Guy Severin]]
* [[Rimantas Stankevičius]]
* [[Amet-khan Sultan]]
* [[List of astronauts by year of selection|Ural Sultanov]]
* [[Max Taitz]]
* [[Igor Volk]]
== See also ==
* [[Armstrong Flight Research Center]] – the USA counterpart of the Gromov Flight Research Institute
* [[List of aerospace flight test centres]]
{{Portal|Soviet Union|Russia|Aviation|Science}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.liicom.ru/about.phtml |title=General info on the old and frozen GFRI site |language=EN |publisher=Gromov Flight Research Institute |access-date=2018-01-06 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.aviasalon.com/en/ |title=Aviasalon (MAKS) Homepage |language=EN |publisher=JSC Aviasalon |access-date=2018-01-06 |archive-date=May 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510072417/http://www.aviasalon.com/en/ |url-status=dead }}
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=55.558205,38.146505&spn=0.059052,0.085316&t=k&hl=en GFRI airfield at Google Maps]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vcTknwEy_E Historical video to celebrate 80 years of Gromov Flight Research Institute (in Russian)]
{{United Aircraft Corporation}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|55|33|29.54|N|38|8|47.42|E|display=title|type:airport}}
[[Category:Airports in Moscow Oblast]]
[[Category:Airports built in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:United Aircraft Corporation]]
[[Category:Companies based in Moscow Oblast]]
[[Category:Buran program]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Russia]]
[[Category:Research institutes in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Aviation in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Aerospace research institutes]]
[[Category:Aviation research institutes]]
[[Category:Aerospace engineering organizations]]
[[Category:Golden Idea national award winners]]