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'''Gruffudd''' or '''Gruffydd''' ({{IPA|cy|ˈɡrɨ̞fɨ̞ð}} or {{IPA|cy|ˈɡrɪfɪð|}}, in either case)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geiriadur yr Academi: Morffoleg y Gymraeg: Orthography and Pronunciation: Vowels|url=https://geiriaduracademi.org/morffoleg-y-gymraeg/#vowels|website=Geiriadur yr Academi}}</ref> is a [[Welsh language|Welsh]] name, originating in [[Old Welsh]] as a given name and today used as both a given and a surname. It is the origin of the [[Anglicisation|Anglicised]] name ''[[Griffith (name)|Griffith&#91;s&#93;]]'', and was historically sometimes treated as interchangeable with the etymologically unrelated [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] name ''[[Galfrid]]'' ([[Latinisation of names|Latinised]] as ''Galfridus''). The Welsh form evolved from the [[Common Brittonic]] ''Grippiud'' or ''Gripuid''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames">Morgan, T.J., Welsh Surnames, Qualitex Printing Limited, Cardiff, 1985, The ''Orthography of Welsh Surnames 5-8'', ''Gruffydd'' pgs 103–105, ''first element gruff as a noun means 'magic wand' and second element iudd as a noun means 'lord', found on page 160 entry for Maredudd''</ref> The meaning of the name is “strong lord.”
==Evolution and history==
One of the oldest forms which gave rise to all other variations is ''Grippiud'' or ''Gripuid'', which evolved into [[Old Welsh]] ''Griffudd''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/> The second element of the name, ''iudd'', as a noun has a meaning of 'lord' and is found in other Welsh names such as ''[[Meredith (given name)|Meredith]]'' (''Mared[i]udd'') and ''Bleidd[i]udd''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/> In North Wales ''Griffudd'' evolved into ''Gruffudd''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>  “When u came to have the same quality as the clear y (the y of monosyllables and final syllables) the name generally became Gruffydd, and this is now regarded as the standard form,” according to [[T.J. Morgan]] and [[Prys Morgan]].<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>  ''Gruffudd'' of Old Welsh became spelt as ''Gruffydd'' in [[Middle Welsh]] and [[Modern Welsh]] of today. The high central vowel sound of ''u/y'' was lost entirely in South Wales and replaced by the ''i'' sound, and the form ''Griffidd'' became standard in the south, the region to first be encountered by Anglo-Norman scribes.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
==Variations==
Anglo-Norman scribes rendered ''Griffidd'' and ''Gruffydd''  as ''Griffith'', with both ''Gruffydd'' and ''Griffith'' becoming the standardized forms for the same name since the [[High Middle Ages]] and into the modern era.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>  The form of the name encountered in Latin texts is ''Griffith'', ''Griffini'' and ''Gruffin''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
Many variations have evolved since the Middle Ages and Tudor period, with many springing from abbreviated forms such as ''Griff''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
''Griffri, Griffith, Griffyn, Griffei, Griffies, Griffitte, Griffits, Griffitts, Griffes, Griffyths, Gripthis, Gripphes, Griffithi, Griffen, Griffee, Griffey, Gruffudd, Gruffydd''<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
Patronymics evolving from ''Griffith'' include ''[[Griffith (surname)|Griffiths]]'' and ''Griffyths'', ''son of Griffith''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
==Hypocoristic forms==
[[Hypocorism|Hypocoristic]] forms, or “pet names”, included ''Guto, Gutyn, Gitto, Getyn, Gitton,'' and ''Gutta'', with many of these becoming surnames themselves.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>  Derivations of Gruffydd by way of Guto/Gitto include ''Gittos, Gittose, Gittoss, Gittas, Gyttes, Gitts, Gytts, Gittus, Gitthouse, Gyttors, Gittonce, Gittal, Gittall, Gyttall, Gittall, Gethyn.'' <ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
The name ''Gatehouse'' may have originated in some parts of Wales and the March from ''Gittose'' or a variant as a conscious effort to further anglicize the name.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
==Names==
The name may refer to the following people, often with either spelling used, among other variants such as '''Gruffuth''', '''Griffudd''', etc. {{crossref|(see [[Griffith (name)]] for details, hypocoristic forms, etc.)}}:
===As a given name===
<!-- This list is sorted by surname/patronmic, exclusive of the ap/ab/map/mab/vab particle. -->
* [[Gruffudd ab Adda]] (fl. mid 14th century) was a Welsh language poet and musician
* [[Gruffudd ab Owain Glyndŵr]] (c. 1375 – c. 1412)  led a major revolt in Wales
* [[Gruffudd ab yr Ynad Coch]] (1277–1282), Welsh court poet
* [[Gruffudd ap Cynan]]
* [[Gruffudd ap Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd]], the grandson of the king of Gwynedd
* [[Gruffudd Fychan I]]
* [[Gruffudd Fychan II]]
* [[Gruffudd Gryg]] (1340–1380), Welsh poet from Anglesey, North Wales
* [[Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn]]
* [[Gruffudd Hiraethog]] (died 1564), Welsh language poet
* [[Gruffudd ap Llywelyn]]
* [[Gruffudd ap Llywelyn Fawr]] (c. 1198 – March 1, 1244), son of Llywelyn the Great
* [[Gruffudd Llwyd]] (1380–1410), Welsh language poet
* [[Gruffydd ap Madog Fychan]]
* [[Gruffydd II ap Madog, Lord of Dinas Bran]]
* [[Gruffydd Maelor]]
* [[Gruffudd ap Nicolas]]
*[[Gruffydd Robert]], Welsh priest
* [[Gruffydd ap Rhydderch]]
* [[Gruffydd ap Rhys]]
* [[Gruffydd ap Rhys II]]
* [[Gruffudd Vychan]], (born 1395), Lord of Burgedin, Treflydan, Garth and Gearfawr, Wales
<!-- This list is sorted by surname/patronmic, exclusive of the ap/ab/map/mab/vab particle. -->
{{given name|Gruffudd|Gruffydd}}
=== As a surname or patronymic ===
<!--This list is sorted by given name. -->
*[[Ioan Gruffudd]] (born 1973), Welsh actor
*[[Rhodri ap Gruffudd]] (1230–1315), the third or fourth son of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr
==See also==
*[[Galfrid]]
*[[Griffith (name)]]
*[[Griffith (surname)]]
*[[Griffiths]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Welsh masculine given names]]
[[Category:Welsh given names]]
[[Category:Welsh-language surnames]]