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{{Short description|Socket used as part of a pivot or hinge}}
{{About||the fish|Gudgeon (fish)|the submarines|USS Gudgeon}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2022}}
[[File:Pintle and gudgeon.png|thumb|Gudgeon with a pintle]]
A '''gudgeon''' is a socket-like, cylindrical (i.e., ''[[Gender of connectors and fasteners|female]]'') fitting attached to one component to enable a pivoting or hinging connection to a second component.  The second component carries a '''[[pintle]]''' fitting, the male counterpart to the gudgeon, enabling an interpivoting connection that can be easily separated.  Designs that may use gudgeon and pintle connections include hinges, shutters and boat rudders.<ref name="websters">Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, G & C Merriam Company, 1963, p. 370</ref>
The ''gudgeon'' derives from the Middle English ''gojoun'', which originated from the Middle French ''goujon'', ironically, as this means dowel, or pin. Its first known use was in the 15th century.<ref name="websters" />
==Types of gudgeons==
===Winged gudgeons===
[[File:Gudgeons-on-shaft.jpg|thumb|center|360px|Gudgeons on the end of a shaft, A & B.]]
A winged gudgeon is one that has extensions that increase its ability to adhere to the fixed surface.  At the beginning of the [[Industrial Revolution]], winged gudgeons were used to support [[water wheel]] shafts,<ref>Niles, H. (ed.) (1817) "Winged Gudgeons" ''Niles' National Register'' Vol. 12 (March - September 1817), Franklin Press, Baltimore, MD, [https://books.google.com/books?id=TGgAAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PA282 pp. 282-284]</ref> and later, steam engine shafts.
===Gudgeon pin===
{{main|Gudgeon pin}}
This is a crucial component of [[piston engines]]. The British refer to a [[gudgeon pin]]  which joins the small end of a [[connecting rod]] to a [[piston]] or [[crosshead]]. In [[American English]] this can be referred to as a [[wrist pin]].
==Usage==
===Buildings===
In buildings pintles and gudgeons are used for working shutters. Shutters were traditionally used to protect the glazing as well as help keep heat in the building at night during the colder months. Shutters are experiencing a comeback as protection from wind-borne storm debris. Architects have made use of both reclaimed historical shutter hardware as well as used stainless sailing hardware for new projects. Other uses are closet doors, barn doors, storm doors, etc. All uses require hold backs of some sort to keep shutter or door from "flapping in the wind".
===Sailing===
In [[sailing]], '''pintles''' insert into gudgeons that are normally affixed to the [[Transom (nautical)|transom]] of a boat. Normally, the corresponding pintle fitting on the rudder slides, lowers or clips into the gudgeon. There are variations where gudgeons are mounted to the rudder and boat, and a pivot clevis pin is inserted into these gudgeons, or the pintles are fastened to the boat, and gudgeons are attached to the rudder. In any case, the fitting with the hole is referred to as a gudgeon. They are used to attach the [[rudder]] to the boat so that it can swing freely. The rudder can then be turned with the [[tiller]]. There must be at least two gudgeon/pintle sets for stability in the rudder's attachment to the transom. The pintles must face the same direction for insertion into the gudgeons and usually one is a bit longer so it can be the first into its gudgeon, giving some stability for the insertion of the other pintle. To prevent the rudder from rising out of the gudgeons there is often some preventer such as rudder weight or a locking device slid across the path of the pintle's removal from the upper gudgeon (also referred to as a ''Rudder Stop'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rigrite.com/Hardware/Rudder_Hardware/Pintles&Gudgeons.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050119063519/http://www.rigrite.com/Hardware/Rudder_Hardware/Pintles&Gudgeons.htm |archive-date=2005-01-19 |title=Pintles and Gudgeons}}</ref> High-quality gudgeons have '''bushings''', ([[plain bearing]]) either a solid sleeve, flanged or clenched. This will allow for smoother operation of the helm and preserve the pintles and gudgeons. A bushing can be seen as "consumable".
On some boats there are split pins/split rings through the pintail to stop gudgeons lifting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Small_Boat_Rudder.jpg|title = English: Showing Pintles and Gudgeons with split ring at top|date = 9 October 2012}}</ref> In addition while the bottom fitting is a gudgeon turning on a pintail the upper two fittings are a pair of gudgeons each with a pin joining them with split pin/washer to stop them coming out.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}}
===Lock Gates===
In [[Lock (water navigation)|shipping locks]], the upper pivot point for a miter gate is referred to as the gudgeon, and carries horizontal loads caused by a gate leaf hanging with no water load.  The lower pivot, which carries the weight of the leaf, is referred to as the pintle.<ref name="ETL1110-2-584">{{cite book|title=ETL 1110-2-584 Design of Hydraulic Steel Structures|date=30 June 2014|publisher=US Army Corps of Engineers|page=C-9|url=http://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerTechnicalLetters/ETL_1110-2-584.pdf|accessdate=10 November 2017}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Hinge]]
* [[Pintle]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Sister bar|wikt=gudgeon|auto=1|d=y}}
[[Category:Bearings (mechanical)]]
[[Category:Fasteners]]
[[Category:Hardware (mechanical)]]
[[ru:Цапфа]]