View source for Gurgaon

{{Short description|City in Haryana, India}}
{{other uses}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{pp-move}}
<!-- ATTENTION! DO NOT CHANGE THE CITY NAME TO "GURUGRAM" UNLESS THERE IS A CONSENSUS TO DO THIS, PROBABLY NOT BEFORE APRIL 2023. SEE TALK PAGE FOR DETAILS. -->
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Gurgaon
| official_name      = Gurugram<!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| settlement_type    = [[Metropolis]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 300
| image_style              =
| perrow                   = 1/3/1
| image1   = Cyber City Skyline.jpeg
| caption1 = Gurgaon city skyline along with the [[Rapid Metro Gurgaon|Rapid Metro]]
| image2   = Culture Gully and Nautanki Mahal auditorium, Kingdom of Dreams, Gurgaon.jpg
| caption2 = [[Kingdom of Dreams]]
| image3   = DLF Gateway Tower.png
| caption3 = Gateway Towers
| image4   = DLF CyberHub.jpg
| caption4 = [[Cyber City, Gurgaon|DLF CyberCity]]
| image5   = Sultanpur_Bird_Sanctuary,_Haryana..JPG
| caption5 = Sultanpur National Park
}}
| image_caption      =
| image_flag         =
| image_seal         =
| nickname           = Millennium city
| image_map          =
| map_caption        =
| pushpin_map        = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Gurgaon in [[Haryana]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|28.456|N|77.029|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = India
| subdivision_type2  = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[District]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Gurgaon district]]
| established_title  = Created
| established_date   = 1979
| established_title1 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| government_type    = [[Municipal corporation | Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body     = <div>
*[[Gurgaon Municipal Corporation]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Municipal Corporation, Gurugram |url=https://www.mcg.gov.in/default.aspx |website=www.mcg.gov.in |access-date=17 April 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308064237/https://www.mcg.gov.in/Default.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority]]
</div>
| leader_party       =
| leader_title       = [[Mayor (India)|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Madhu Azad
| leader_title1      = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name1       = Narhari Singh Bangar, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Cleanliness my top priority’: Narhari Singh Bangar takes charge as Municipal Commissioner of Gurgaon |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/cleanliness-my-top-priority-narhari-singh-bangar-takes-charge-as-municipal-commissioner-of-gurgaon-9094700/ |work=Indian Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>
| total_type         = Total
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_total_km2     = 332.50
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="Gurgaon City">{{cite web|title=Demography Gurgaon|url=https://gurugram.gov.in/about-district/demography/|access-date=27 March 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415165631/https://gurugram.gov.in/about-district/demography/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_land_km2      =
| area_water_km2     =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m        = 217
| elevation_ft       = 711.9
| population_total   = 876,969
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Gurgaon City2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.icra.in/Rationale/ShowRationaleReport/?Id=91259|title=Gurgaon City|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=1 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101000759/https://www.icra.in/Rationale/ShowRationaleReport/?Id=91259|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=1lakh>{{cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|website=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723151530/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_as_of   = 2011
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1        = +5:30
| timezone1_DST      =
| utc_offset1_DST    =
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code        = 122xxx
| area_code          = 0124
| registration_plate = HR-26  <br /> HR-98 <br />HR-55 (commercial)
| website            = {{URL|https://gurugram.gov.in/}}
| pushpin_label      = Gurgaon
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}}
| blank_info_sec1    = {{nowrap|{{increase}} 0.889<ref name="unhdi-gdl">{{cite web |title=Government of Haryana– District Database |url=https://in.one.un.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/SDG-Vision-Documnet-Haryana-Final.pdf |access-date=30 September 2019 |archive-date=30 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930123032/https://in.one.un.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/SDG-Vision-Documnet-Haryana-Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{color|darkgreen|very high}}}}
}}
[[File:Sikaderpur Metro Station, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. April 2018.jpg|thumb|Sikanderpur, Gurgaon, India, April 2018]]<!-- ATTENTION! DO NOT CHANGE THE CITY NAME TO "GURUGRAM" UNLESS THERE IS A CONSENSUS TO DO THIS, PROBABLY NOT BEFORE APRIL 2023. SEE TALK PAGE FOR DETAILS. -->
'''Gurgaon''' ({{IPA|hi|ɡʊɽɡãːw|lang}}), officially named '''Gurugram''' ({{IPA|hi|ɡʊɾʊɡɾaːm|}}), is a [[satellite city]] of [[Delhi]] and administrative headquarters of [[Gurgaon district]], located in the northern Indian state of [[Haryana]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gurugram.gov.in/department/municipal-corporation-gurugram/ | title=Municipal Corporation Gurugram &#124; Gurugram &#124; India | access-date=15 March 2023 | archive-date=15 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315095704/https://gurugram.gov.in/department/municipal-corporation-gurugram/ | url-status=live }}</ref> It is situated near the [[Delhi]]–[[Haryana]] border, about {{convert|30|km}} southwest of the national capital [[New Delhi]] and {{cvt|268|km}} south of [[Chandigarh]], the state capital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.makemytrip.com/routeplanner/gurgaon-new-delhi.html|title=Gurgaon to New Delhi Distance, Duration, Driving Direction by Road, Trains, Bus / Car at MakeMyTrip Route Planner|website=www.makemytrip.com|access-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171737/https://www.makemytrip.com/routeplanner/gurgaon-new-delhi.html|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> It is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi and is part of the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecityfix.com/blog/small-experiment-delhis-suburbs-sparked-national-car-free-movement-amit-bhatt/|title=How a Small Experiment in Delhi's Suburbs Sparked a National Car-Free Movement —|date=5 July 2018|access-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171852/http://thecityfix.com/blog/small-experiment-delhis-suburbs-sparked-national-car-free-movement-amit-bhatt/|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, Gurgaon had a population of 876,969.<ref name="Gurgaon City" /><ref name=1lakh/>
Gurgaon is India's second largest [[information technology]] hub and third largest financial and banking hub.<ref name=IT3>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Gurugram among top 5 IT hubs in Asia Pacific|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurugram-among-top-5-it-hubs-in-asia-pacific/story-JKwwaSNvsf4Os3AQAAha6L.html|access-date=28 May 2019|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=28 May 2019|agency=|archive-date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824131759/https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurugram-among-top-5-it-hubs-in-asia-pacific/story-JKwwaSNvsf4Os3AQAAha6L.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=percapita3>{{cite news|last=Julka|first=Harsimran|title=IT firms looking beyond Gurgaon, Noida, Greater Noida to other cities in north India|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/30228817_1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida|access-date=2 October 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=30 September 2011|agency=ET Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105032828/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/30228817_1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gurgaon is also home to one of India's largest [[medical tourism]] industries.<ref name=Medical>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Medical tourism companies turn to telemedicine in wake of Covid-19|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/medical-tourism-companies-turn-to-telemedicine-in-wake-of-covid-19/story-YA0OpXnbjgmvZfsRoHObRP.html|access-date=16 May 2020|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=16 May 2020|agency=|archive-date=22 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522113651/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/medical-tourism-companies-turn-to-telemedicine-in-wake-of-covid-19/story-YA0OpXnbjgmvZfsRoHObRP.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite being India's [[List of cities in India by population|56th largest city]] in terms of population, Gurgaon is the 8th largest city in the country in terms of total wealth.<ref name=Richest>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Mumbai richest Indian city with total wealth of $820 billion: report|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/QCISQhIt6j3GrnltVd1mMK/Mumbai-richest-Indian-city-with-total-wealth-of-820-billion.html|access-date=26 February 2017|newspaper=LiveMint|date=26 February 2017|agency=|archive-date=26 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226213226/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/QCISQhIt6j3GrnltVd1mMK/Mumbai-richest-Indian-city-with-total-wealth-of-820-billion.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It serves as the [[List of companies based in Gurgaon|headquarters of many of India's largest companies]], is home to thousands of [[startup company|startup companies]] and has local offices for more than 250 [[Fortune 500]] companies.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Jat stir shakes India Inc|url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/jat-stir-shakes-india-inc-116022000835_1.html|access-date = 22 February 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160222073504/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/jat-stir-shakes-india-inc-116022000835_1.html|archive-date = 22 February 2016|url-status = live|df = dmy-all|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 20 February 2016}}</ref> It accounts for almost 70% of the total annual economic investments in Haryana state, which has helped it become a leading hub for [[Technopole|high-tech industry]] in northern India.<ref name=Invest>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Gurgaon becomes Haryana's golden goose|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gurgaon-becomes-haryanas-golden-goose/article7740500.ece|access-date=9 October 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|date=9 October 2015|agency=|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225093237/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gurgaon-becomes-haryanas-golden-goose/article7740500.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Gurgaon is categorised as very high on the [[Human Development Index]], with an HDI of 0.889 (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.one.un.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/SDG-Vision-Documnet-Haryana-Final.pdf|title=Government of Haryana - district wise HDI|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930123032/https://in.one.un.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/SDG-Vision-Documnet-Haryana-Final.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Gurgaon's economic growth started in the 1970s when [[Maruti Suzuki|Maruti Suzuki India Limited]] established a manufacturing plant and gathered pace after [[General Electric]] established its business outsourcing operations known as [[Genpact]] in the city in collaboration with real-estate firm [[DLF (company)|DLF]].<ref name=forbes>{{cite web|last=Kumar|first=K.P. Narayana|title=Gurgaon: How not to Build a City|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/real-issue/gurgaon-how-not-to-build-a-city/33444/0|publisher=Forbesindia.com|access-date=2 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928041152/http://forbesindia.com/article/real-issue/gurgaon-how-not-to-build-a-city/33444/0|archive-date=28 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=GE>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=The Gurgaon story: A mirror to India's growth|url=https://www.ndtv.com/gurgaon-news/the-gurgaon-story-a-mirror-to-indias-growth-458043|access-date=9 June 2011|newspaper=NDTV|date=9 June 2011|agency=|archive-date=26 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526012536/http://www.ndtv.com/gurgaon-news/the-gurgaon-story-a-mirror-to-indias-growth-458043|url-status=live}}</ref> [[New Gurgaon]], [[Manesar]] and [[Sohna]] serve as adjoining manufacturing and upcoming real estate hubs for Gurgaon. Despite rapid economic and population growth, Gurgaon continues to battle socio-economic issues, such as high-income inequality and high air pollution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianage.com/world/asia/050319/study-shows-7-out-of-top-10-most-polluted-cities-are-in-india-gurugram-the-worst.html|title=7 out of top 10 most polluted cities are in India; Gurgaon the worst: Study|date=5 March 2019|website=The Asian Age|access-date=5 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305124540/http://www.asianage.com/world/asia/050319/study-shows-7-out-of-top-10-most-polluted-cities-are-in-india-gurugram-the-worst.html|archive-date=5 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0775cm8/inside-the-most-polluted-city-in-the-world|title=Inside the most polluted city in the world|website=BBC Reel|language=en|access-date=21 May 2019|archive-date=21 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521103345/https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0775cm8/inside-the-most-polluted-city-in-the-world|url-status=live}}</ref> It also has a flood problem due to the limited drainage capacity.<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web|date=20 August 2020|title=Five reasons why Gurugram gets flooded every time it rains|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/five-reasons-why-gurugram-gets-flooded-every-time-it-rains/story-aEUM6rtNHr42vrodR2SA9L.html|access-date=17 September 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917041541/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/five-reasons-why-gurugram-gets-flooded-every-time-it-rains/story-aEUM6rtNHr42vrodR2SA9L.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==History==
{{see also|History of Haryana|Badshahpur|Jharsa}}
The region of Gurgaon originally fell under the [[Kuru Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The History of India|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2010|isbn=978-1615301225|pages=63|date=15 August 2010}}</ref> Early people to inhabit the region were Hindus ruled over by the [[Ahir clans|Ahir]] clan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gurugram.gov.in/history/|title=History {{!}} Gurugram|website=gurugram.gov.in|language=en-US|access-date=14 September 2018|archive-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423110041/https://gurugram.gov.in/history/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Yadu]] tribes were a part of this clan and today their descendants commonly hold the last name ''Yadav''. In late 4th century BCE, the city was absorbed by the [[Maurya Empire]] as part of [[Chandragupta Maurya]]'s earliest expansions of his kingdom.<ref>Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC Encyclopedia of Hinduism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323232140/https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC |date=23 March 2017}}. Infobase Publishing. p. xxviii. {{ISBN|978-0-8160-7564-5}}.</ref>
Gurgaon may be same as the Gudapura town mentioned in the 12th century text ''[[Prithviraja Vijaya]]''. According to the text, Nagarjuna, a cousin of the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] king [[Prithviraj Chauhan]], rebelled against the king and captured the town. Prithviraj crushed the rebellion and recaptured the town.<ref>{{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 |page=163 |access-date=22 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323170959/https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |archive-date=23 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Rajasthan Through the Ages: From the earliest times to 1316 A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1dXAAAAMAAJ |year=1966 |publisher=Rajasthan State Archives |page=290}}</ref>
During the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and initially during the [[British Raj|British colonial era]], Gurgaon was just a small village in [[Jharsa]] [[paragana]] of Delhi [[subah]]. Report of a Tour in Eastern Rajputana in 1882–83 (published in 1885) by [[Alexander Cunningham]], the then Director-General of [[Archaeological Survey of India]], he mentions a stone pillar at Gurgaon of a local feudal lord ''"Durgga Naga"'' with a 3-line inscription ''"[[Vikram Samvat|Samvat]] 729 or 928, [[Vaisakha|Vaisakh]] badi 4, Durgga Naga lokatari bhuta"'' dating back to 672 CE or 871 CE. Jharsa paragana passed to [[Begum Samru]] in 1776–77 and came under direct British rule in 1836 after her death when her territory was taken over by the British who established a civil lines at Jharsa and a cavalry cantonment at nearby Hiyadatpur. An 1882 land revenue settlement report records that the [[Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon|idol of Sitla Mata]] was brought to Gurgaon 400 years earlier (15th century). Begum Samru claimed the offering to Sitla Mata temple during the [[Chaitra]] month and the revenue from the offerings given to the deity for rest of the month was distributed among the prominent [[jat people|Jat]] [[zamindar]]s of the area.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurugram-plan-a-misdirected-govt-move-from-history-to-myth/articleshow/51961328.cms Gurugram plan a misdirected govt move from history to myth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122154220/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurugram-plan-a-misdirected-govt-move-from-history-to-myth/articleshow/51961328.cms |date=22 January 2019}}, Times of India.</ref>
[[File:Aliwardi Masjid, Gurugram.jpg|thumb|left|The Aliwardi mosque in Gurgaon dates back to the 18th century.]]
In 1818, [[Bharawas#Bharawas district|Bharawas district]]<!--retain the red link as draft article  is pending approval.--> was disbanded and Gurgaon was made a new district. In 1821, the [[Bharawas#Bharawas cantonment|Bharaswas cantonment]] was also moved to Hidayatpur in Gurgaon.<ref>Yashpal Gulia, 2012, Heritage of Haryana.</ref> ''"Aliwardi mosque"'' in Gurgaon, ''"[[Badshahpur#Badshahpur Stepwell|Badshahpur baoli]]"'' (1905).<ref name=shame1>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/will-history-be-buried-for-a-road-a-gurgaon-village-waits-5030765/ Will history be buried for a road? A Gurgaon village waits] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201120219/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/will-history-be-buried-for-a-road-a-gurgaon-village-waits-5030765/ |date=1 February 2019}}, [[Indian Express]], 18 January 2018.</ref><ref name=hit1>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/intach-writes-to-state-seeks-preservation-of-100-year-old-stepwell/story-BnNN31JhcG1TDUBHGamD0J.html Intach writes to state, seeks preservation of 100-year-old stepwell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131002220/https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/intach-writes-to-state-seeks-preservation-of-100-year-old-stepwell/story-BnNN31JhcG1TDUBHGamD0J.html |date=31 January 2018}}, [[Hindustan Times]], 20 January 2018.</ref> and ''"[[Dhirendra_Brahmachari#History|Bhondsi]]"'' (16th to 17th century) were built during mughal and British era.<ref name=friher1/> The ''"Church of the Epiphany"'' and ''"Kaman Serai"'' (Corrupted form of the "Command Serai" or ''Officer's Mess"'') was built by the Britishers in 1925 inside the civil lines.<ref name=friher1>[http://www.fridaygurgaon.com/news/2516-gurgaon-heritage.html Gurugram heritage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201065323/http://www.fridaygurgaon.com/news/2516-gurgaon-heritage.html |date=1 February 2019}}, fridaygurgaon.com.</ref>
Other British colonial era historic buildings The Gurgaon Club, a 3-room building surrounded by the lawn and currently run by the [[District Councils of India|Zila Parishad]], the erstwhile Coronation School—now renamed to the Government Boys' Senior Secondary School, one of the 13 school established in India in 1911 to commemorate the coronation of King [[George V]].<ref name="oldbuilding1">[https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/architectural-remnants-of-the-raj/story-j24ZAU7hCFqGuP3g4h1pzO.html Architectural remnants of the Raj] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003020654/https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/architectural-remnants-of-the-raj/story-j24ZAU7hCFqGuP3g4h1pzO.html |date=3 October 2019 }}, Hindustan Times, 2 September 2019.</ref> During 1980s, the [[Dhirendra_Brahmachari#Ashrams|airstrip and hangar]], air conditioned yoga ashram and TV studio were built on outskirts of the city by former Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]]'s yoga mentor [[Dhirendra Brahmachari]].<ref name="bhond6">1990, [https://books.google.com/books?id=I6R1g9aQqm0C "The Illustrated Weekly of India."], [[The Times Group]], Volume 111, Issues 13-25, p. 35.</ref> The former Prime Minister [[Chandra Shekhar]] established his own ashram near this airstrip in 1983 on 600 acre of [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]] land, where another godman [[Chandraswami]] and notorious Saudi arms dealer [[Adnan Khashoggi]] used to visit him.<ref name="bhond7">1996, [https://books.google.com/books?id=l05DAAAAYAAJ "India Today"], - Volume 21, Issues 7-12, p. 122.</ref><ref name="bhond8">[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/visit-of-notorious-middleman-adnan-khashoggi-leaves-a-trail-of-perplexing-questions/1/317902.html "Creating a stir."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923222101/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/visit-of-notorious-middleman-adnan-khashoggi-leaves-a-trail-of-perplexing-questions/1/317902.html |date=23 September 2017 }}, [[India Today]], 28 February 1991.</ref>
On 12 April 2016, [[Chief Minister of Haryana]] [[Manohar Lal Khattar]] announced a proposal to officially rename the city ''Gurugram'' ([[Sanskrit]]: गुरुग्राम, lit. ''village of the [[Guru]]''), subject to the approval of the [[Government of Haryana|Haryana cabinet]] and the [[Government of India|Union Government]]. He argued that the new name would help to preserve the "rich heritage" of the city by emphasising its history and mythological association with Drona.<ref name="indianexpress-gurugram">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-gurugram-rename-mewat-nuh-haryana-government/|title=Gurgaon is now 'Gurugram', Mewat renamed Nuh: Haryana government|date=12 April 2016|work=The Indian Express|access-date=12 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414111401/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-gurugram-rename-mewat-nuh-haryana-government/|archive-date=14 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="hs-gurugram">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/welcome-to-the-new-office-of-gurugram-police-commissioner/story-MnJBQaVSz2w5II5qOe0p6O.html|title=Welcome to the new office of Gurugram police commissioner|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=5 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505054913/http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/welcome-to-the-new-office-of-gurugram-police-commissioner/story-MnJBQaVSz2w5II5qOe0p6O.html|archive-date=5 May 2016|url-status=live|date=2 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="times-paradox">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurgaon-The-city-whose-middle-name-is-paradox/articleshow/52948904.cms|title=Gurgaon: The city whose middle name is paradox|website=The Times of India|date=28 June 2016 |access-date=12 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701203323/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurgaon-The-city-whose-middle-name-is-paradox/articleshow/52948904.cms|archive-date=1 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 September 2016, he officially announced that the Union Government had approved the name change, and thus the city and district would henceforth be known as Gurugram,<ref name="toi-nameofficial">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Good-morning-Gurugram-The-names-official/articleshow/54553616.cms|title=Good morning, Gurugram. The name's official|website=The Times of India|date=28 September 2016 |access-date=3 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001085845/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/good-morning-gurugram-the-names-official/articleshow/54553616.cms|archive-date=1 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> though the old name "Gurgaon" still lingers in the colloquial usage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/a-year-after-renaming-gurgaon-still-lives-on/articleshow/58151456.cms|title=A year after renaming, 'Gurgaon' still lives on |work=The Times of India|access-date=10 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113181538/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/a-year-after-renaming-gurgaon-still-lives-on/articleshow/58151456.cms|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:New Delhi Traffic Congestion .jpg|thumb|Gurgaon skyline at dusk]]
Gurgaon is located in [[Gurgaon district]] in the Indian state of [[Haryana]] and is situated in the southeastern part of the state, and [[North India|northern part]] of the country. The city is located on the border with Delhi with New Delhi to its northeast. The city has a total area of {{convert|232|km2}}.<ref name="Gurgaon City" /><ref name="Gurgaon Info">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/20-more-villages-to-come-under-corporation-limits/articleshow/64594157.cms|title=20 more villages to come under corporation limits|newspaper=The Times of India|date=15 June 2018|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425152255/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/20-more-villages-to-come-under-corporation-limits/articleshow/64594157.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demographics|url=http://www.mcg.gov.in/MCGPortal/MCGurgaonDemographics.aspx|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131011233312/http://www.mcg.gov.in/MCGPortal/MCGurgaonDemographics.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 October 2013|publisher=Municipal Corporation, Gurgaon}}</ref>
===Topography===
The average land elevation is {{convert|217|m}} above sea level.<ref>{{cite web|title=GGN/Gurgaon(3)|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/gurgaon-ggn/353|publisher=India Rail Info|access-date=2 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221233439/http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/gurgaon-ggn/353|archive-date=21 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Ecology===
[[File:Northern Shovelers (Anas clypeata) taking off at Sultanpur I Picture 1070.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sultanpur National Park]] is a [[Ramsar site]], which is famous for migratory bird species which migrate to India due to seasonal changes]]
<!-- NOTE: This section needs more citation. Retain redlinks as per wiki guidelines to encourage creation of these articles. Additional citations will be added in the future edits. Please help by supplying those. -->Gurgaon lies on the [[Sahibi River]], a [[tributary]] of [[Yamuna]] which originates from the [[Aravalli range]] in Rajasthan and flows through west and [[South Haryana]] into Delhi where it is also known as the [[Najafgarh drain]]. The paleochannel and the current course of the Sahibi river have series of [[biodiversity hotspots]] and [[Important Bird Area]] (IBA) wetlands and forests within Gurugam, including the Outfall Drain Number 6 (canalised portion in Haryana of Sahibi river), Outfall Drain Number 8 (canalised portion in Haryana of [[Dohan river]] which is a tributary of Sahibi river), Sarbashirpur wetland, [[Sultanpur National Park]], [[Basai wetland]], [[Najafgarh lake]] and [[Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary]], Ghata lake, Badshahpur lake, Khandsa lake and The Lost lake of Gurgaon.<ref name=":0" /> Other IBA wetlands along the Saibi river, outside Gurgaon district, are the [[Masani barrage]] wetland, [[Matanhail#Forest|Matanhail forest]], [[Chhuchhakwas|Chhuchhakwas-Godhari]], [[Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary]], etc. All of these are home to endangered and migratory birds. Most of these largely remain unprotected. These are under extreme threat mainly from the colonisers and builders.
[[Mangar Bani]], a [[Sacred groves of India|sacred grove and forest with wetlands]] between Gurgaon and Faridabad, is one of the last surviving natural forests in NCR is protected by Gurjars of nearby area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ngtba.org/index.php/news?start=190 |title=News |access-date=29 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002326/http://www.ngtba.org/index.php/news?start=190 |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Contiguous to Mangar bani are [[Gwal Pahari]] and [[Bandhwari]] forested area. All of these lie on the [[Delhi Ridge|Southern Delhi Ridge]] of Aravalli range.
===Climate===
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], the climate of Gurgaon is an overlap between a [[humid subtropical climate|monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa'') and a [[Semi-arid climate|hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSh'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gurgaon Climate By Month {{!}} A Year-Round Guide |url=https://weather-and-climate.com:80/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,gurgaon,India |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=World Weather & Climate Information |language=en}}</ref> The city experiences four distinct seasons – spring (February–March), summer (April–August), autumn (October–November) and winter (December–January) – along with the [[monsoon]] season (June–September) setting in towards the latter half of the summer. Summers, from early April to September, are typically hot and humid, with an average daily June high temperature of {{convert|40|C}}. The season experiences heat indices easily breaking {{cvt|43|C}}. Winters are cool and foggy with few sunny days. The [[Western Disturbance]] brings some rain in winters that further adds to the chill. Spring and autumn are mild and pleasant seasons with low humidity. The monsoon season usually starts in the first week of July and continues till August. Thunderstorms are not uncommon during the monsoon. The average annual rainfall is {{convert|648.6|mm|in|1}}.<ref name=IMDclimatetables/> The highest ever temperature recorded is {{cvt|49.0|C}} on 10 May 1966 and the lowest ever is {{cvt|-0.4|C}} on 5 December 1966. On 15 May 2022 Gurgaon recorded a maximum temperature of {{cvt|48.1|C}}, the hottest day in May in 56 years.
{{Weather box
| location = Gurgaon (1991–2020, extremes 1965–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 28.0
| Feb record high C = 33.5
| Mar record high C = 39.5
| Apr record high C = 46.2
| May record high C = 49.0
| Jun record high C = 47.5
| Jul record high C = 45.0
| Aug record high C = 41.0
| Sep record high C = 41.2
| Oct record high C = 39.3
| Nov record high C = 38.4
| Dec record high C = 30.2
| year record high C = 49.0
| Jan high C = 20.1
| Feb high C = 23.8
| Mar high C = 29.9
| Apr high C = 36.9
| May high C = 40.9
| Jun high C = 39.3
| Jul high C = 35.9
| Aug high C = 33.9
| Sep high C = 34.1
| Oct high C = 32.0
| Nov high C = 27.8
| Dec high C = 22.5
| year high C = 31.2
| Jan low C = 6.9
| Feb low C = 9.5
| Mar low C = 14.0
| Apr low C = 19.6
| May low C = 24.6
| Jun low C = 26.7
| Jul low C = 26.7
| Aug low C = 25.8
| Sep low C = 24.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 12.0
| Dec low C = 7.5
| year low C = 17.7
| Jan record low C = 0.0
| Feb record low C = 0.9
| Mar record low C = 3.7
| Apr record low C = 9.2
| May record low C = 14.8
| Jun record low C = 19.1
| Jul record low C = 21.0
| Aug record low C = 21.2
| Sep record low C = 13.9
| Oct record low C = 9.8
| Nov record low C = 2.6
| Dec record low C = -0.4
| year record low C = -0.4
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 13.5
| Feb rain mm = 16.9
| Mar rain mm = 3.4
| Apr rain mm = 8.2
| May rain mm = 22.7
| Jun rain mm = 79.2
| Jul rain mm = 135.5
| Aug rain mm = 211.4
| Sep rain mm = 120.8
| Oct rain mm = 15.9
| Nov rain mm = 10.7
| Dec rain mm = 9.9
| year rain mm = 648.6
| Jan rain days = 1.2
| Feb rain days = 1.2
| Mar rain days = 0.5
| Apr rain days = 0.6
| May rain days = 1.7
| Jun rain days = 4.3
| Jul rain days = 7.6
| Aug rain days = 8.5
| Sep rain days = 5.5
| Oct rain days = 1.3
| Nov rain days = 1.0
| Dec rain days = 0.8
| year rain days = 34.2
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 54
| Feb humidity = 45
| Mar humidity = 37
| Apr humidity = 28
| May humidity = 31
| Jun humidity = 40
| Jul humidity = 63
| Aug humidity = 69
| Sep humidity = 59
| Oct humidity = 45
| Nov humidity = 47
| Dec humidity = 55
| year humidity = 48
| Jan uv = 5
| Feb uv = 5
| Mar uv = 7
| Apr uv = 9
| May uv = 9
| Jun uv = 9
| Jul uv = 8
| Aug uv = 7
| Sep uv = 7
| Oct uv = 7
| Nov uv = 6
| Dec uv = 4
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDclimatetables>{{cite web |title=CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLES OF OBSERVATORIES IN INDIA 1991-2020 |url=https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf |website=GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT |access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref>
Time and Date (dewpoints, 1985-2015)<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/gurgaon/climate
|title = Climate & Weather Averages in Gurgaon, Haryana, India
|publisher = Time and Date
|access-date = 29 August 2022
|archive-date = 29 August 2022
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220829170335/https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/gurgaon/climate
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
| source =
| source 2 = Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web
| url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/gurgaon-climate
| title = Gurgaon, India - Climate and monthly weather forecast
| publisher = Weather Atlas
| access-date = 12 July 2022
| archive-date = 12 July 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220712144042/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/gurgaon-climate
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
| Jan avg record high C = 25.0
| Feb avg record high C = 29.2
| Mar avg record high C = 35.7
| Apr avg record high C = 42.9
| May avg record high C = 45.0
| Jun avg record high C = 45.0
| Jul avg record high C = 40.6
| Aug avg record high C = 38.1
| Sep avg record high C = 37.2
| Oct avg record high C = 35.2
| Nov avg record high C = 32.8
| Dec avg record high C = 26.6
| year avg record high C = 45.7
| Jan avg record low C = 3.9
| Feb avg record low C = 4.9
| Mar avg record low C = 8.6
| Apr avg record low C = 14.5
| May avg record low C = 19.1
| Jun avg record low C = 21.6
| Jul avg record low C = 23.5
| Aug avg record low C = 23.1
| Sep avg record low C = 21.8
| Oct avg record low C = 13.2
| Nov avg record low C = 7.3
| Dec avg record low C = 3.5
| year avg record low C = 3.0
| year uv = 6.9
| Jan dew point C = 8
| Feb dew point C = 9
| Mar dew point C = 11
| Apr dew point C = 11
| May dew point C = 14
| Jun dew point C = 20
| Jul dew point C = 24
| Aug dew point C = 25
| Sep dew point C = 23
| Oct dew point C = 16
| Nov dew point C = 11
| Dec dew point C = 8
}}
==Demographics==
The Gurgaon city area has an estimated population of 876,969,<ref name="Gurgaon City" /> according to the [[2011 Census of India]].
===Religion===
{{bar box|width = 300px
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
|title=Religion in Gurgaon City (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/225-gurgaon.html|title=Gurgaon Religion Data - Census 2011|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818125957/http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/225-gurgaon.html|archive-date=18 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|93.03}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|4.68}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|Yellow|1.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|0.64}}
{{bar percent|Others|Black|0.39}}}}
Hinduism is the most popular religion in Gurgaon, followed by Islam, and Sikhism. There are small numbers of Christian, and Buddhist followers. Gurgaon has adherents of [[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]], [[Islam]], [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]], [[Christianity]] and the [[Baháʼí Faith]], among others. There are several places of worship for major religions, including [[Hindu temple|mandir]]s, [[gurdwara]]s, [[mosque]]s and [[Church (building)|churches]].
[[Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon|Sheetla Mata Mandir]], located at the heart of Gurgaon,<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Sheetla Mata Mandir, Gurgaon |url=https://trek.zone/en/india/places/82616/sheetla-mata-mandir-gurgaon |website=Trek.zone |publisher=Trekzone |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=5 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305105742/https://trek.zone/en/india/places/82616/sheetla-mata-mandir-gurgaon |url-status=live }}</ref> is a temple dedicated to the wife of [[Drona|Guru Dronacharya]], Kripi.<ref name="Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon">{{cite web
|url          = http://sheetlamatagurgaon.com/sheetla-eng/About.aspx
|title        = Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon
|website      = sheetlamatagurgaon.com
|access-date  = 1 March 2016
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160225161234/http://sheetlamatagurgaon.com/sheetla-eng/About.aspx
|archive-date = 25 February 2016
|url-status     = dead
|df           = dmy-all
}}</ref> The temple hosts fairs and people come to seek blessings of Sheetla Mata, earlier known as Kripi.
Sai Ka Aangan temple, spread over an area of 36,000 square feet, is dedicated to [[Sai Baba of Shirdi|Shirdi Sai Baba]] and has a life size idol of him.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://saikaaangan.com/abouttemple.asp |website=saikaaangan.com/ |publisher=Sai Ka Angan |access-date=5 March 2023 |title=Sai Ka Angan |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530175729/http://saikaaangan.com/abouttemple.asp |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Cityscape ==
===Architecture===
[[File:Cyber Green Building, Gurgaon, Haryana, India - 20070613.jpg|thumb|Cyber Green Building]]
Gurgaon has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods. Gurgaon's skyline with its many skyscrapers is nationally recognised, and the city has been home to several tall buildings with modern planning. Gurgaon has an estimated 1,892 high-rises.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/city/102893/gurgaon-india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321193740/http://www.emporis.com/city/102893/gurgaon-india |url-status=usurped |archive-date=21 March 2015 |title=Gurgaon High Rises |website=Emporis}}</ref><ref name=ht1>{{cite news|title=In Gurgaon, residential high-rises most at risk|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/in-gurugram-residential-high-rises-most-at-risk/story-msiqAGXCjun67FRjG0OmPO.html|date=17 April 2013|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123154333/https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/in-gurugram-residential-high-rises-most-at-risk/story-msiqAGXCjun67FRjG0OmPO.html|archive-date=23 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The average cost of a {{convert|1,000|sqft|m2|order=flip|adj=on}} two-bedroom apartment at a decent condominium in Gurgaon is at least $160,130 (₹ One crore).
===Neighbourhoods===
[[File:Gurgoan6.JPG|thumb|Gateway Towers, Gurgaon|alt=]]
Gurgaon is divided into 36 wards, with each ward further divided into blocks. The housing type in the city consists largely of attached housing, though many attached [[multi-dwelling unit]]s, including [[apartment]]s, condominiums and [[Tower block|high rise residential towers]] are getting popular.
===Parks===
Gurgaon has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the Gurgaon Metropolitan Development Authority. The key parks are Leisure Valley Park in Sector 29, which is over {{convert|36|acre|ha|order=flip}}; Tau Devi Lal Biodiversity Botanical Garden in Sector 52; Navisha Park in Malibu Towne, Sector-47; Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Park in Sector 14, popularly known as HUDA Garden; Tau Devi Lal park in Sector 23; and [[Aravali Biodiversity Park, Gurgaon|Aravali Biodiversity Park]] on MG Road.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/turning-the-city-green-a-million-trees-at-a-time/story-ODUJpCxR3WdvlAVsL2sfhL.html|title=Turning the city green, a million trees at a time|date=9 March 2019|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=18 April 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801103514/https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/turning-the-city-green-a-million-trees-at-a-time/story-ODUJpCxR3WdvlAVsL2sfhL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> There are local parks in almost all sectors in Old Gurgaon.<ref>{{cite news|title=How green was Gurgaon's parks|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/How-green-was-Gurgaons-parks/articleshow/11300136.cms|access-date=2 October 2013|date=30 December 2011|agency=TNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185929/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-30/gurgaon/30572500_1_fountains-leisure-valley-park-entire-park|archive-date=29 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Culture==
===Entertainment and performing arts===
[[File:Kingdom of Dreams auditorium night view, Gurgaon.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kingdom of Dreams]]]]
Notable performing art venues in the city include Epicentre in Sector 44 and Nautanki Mehal at the [[Kingdom of Dreams]] near IFFCO Chowk.
[[Bollywood actor]] [[Rajkummar Rao]] was born in Gurgaon.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathur |first1=Abhimanyu |title=Rajkummar Rao: I was inspired by a Haryana bus conductor for role in 'Stree' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-i-was-inspired-by-a-haryana-bus-conductor-for-role-in-stree/articleshow/72207854.cms |access-date=5 March 2023 |agency=ETimes |work=The Times of India |date=25 November 2019 |archive-date=5 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305102701/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkummar-rao-i-was-inspired-by-a-haryana-bus-conductor-for-role-in-stree/articleshow/72207854.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Languages and dialect===
The main language spoken in Gurgaon is [[Hindi]], though a segment of the population understands and speaks English. The dialect used in Hindi is similar to that of Delhi, and is considered neutral, though the regional influences from the states of Haryana, [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] adds an accent to the language. English is spoken with an Indian accent, with a primarily North Indian influence. Since Gurgaon has many international [[call centre]]s, the employees are usually given formal training in neutral pronunciation in order to be understandable to native English speakers. [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] are other popular languages spoken in the city.
===Sports===
The city has two major sports stadiums: [[Tau Devi Lal Stadium]] in Sector 38, which has facilities for [[cricket]], [[association football|football]], [[basketball]] and [[athletics (sport)|athletics]] as well as a sports hostel, and [[Nehru Stadium, Gurgaon|Nehru Stadium]] which is designed for football and athletics. [[Amity United FC]] is a tenant of Tau Devi Lal Stadium. Gurgaon district has nine golf courses and is described as the "heart of India's golfing country".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Prabhdev|title=Golf courses in Gurgaon|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/VP7qAM12jQberEYfErbEjI/Gurgaons-golf-courses.html|access-date=3 May 2015|agency=Live Mint|publisher=HT Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515074949/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/VP7qAM12jQberEYfErbEjI/Gurgaons-golf-courses.html|archive-date=15 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Joginder Rao]], a domestic cricket player, was from Gurgaon.
==Economy==
[[File:Gurgaon CyberHub.jpg|A commercial area in the [[Cyber City, Gurgaon|DLF Cyber City]].|thumb|260x260px]]
Gurgaon has the third highest per-capita income in India and is the site of Indian offices for half of [[Fortune 500]] companies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Ashok |date=9 January 2022 |title=Millennium city losing its sheen as investment destination over growing vigilantism |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/millennium-city-losing-its-sheen/article38211991.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref> The city also benefits from its close proximity to Delhi.
[[Maruti Suzuki|Maruti Suzuki Private Limited]] was the first company that set up a manufacturing unit in the city in the 1970s, making cars.<ref name=forbes/> Eventually, [[DLF Limited]], a [[real estate]] company, acquired vast stretches of land in the city. The first major American brand to set up a unit in Gurgaon was [[General Electric]] in 1997. GE's setup in Gurgaon prompted other companies, both international and domestic, to follow suit<ref name=bbc1>{{cite web|last=Kannan|first=Shilpa|title=Gurgaon: From fields to global tech hub|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20131001-gurgaon-indias-it-capital/all|work=BBC News|access-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007054250/http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20131001-gurgaon-indias-it-capital/all|archive-date=7 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> providing outsourcing solutions in software, IT, service and sales through delivery facilities and call centres. However, due to the lack of proper public transport and the inability of most of the employees to afford a personal vehicle, most of the call centres provide pooled-in cars to and from their offices.<ref name=bbc1/>
Apart from [[business process outsourcing]] and IT sectors, the city is home to several other companies that specialise in domain expertise. [[Siemens|Siemens Industry Software]], in Gurgaon Business Park, made a portfolio of design software that was used by [[NASA]] to digitally design, simulate and assemble the vehicle{{clarification needed|date=May 2024}} before any physical prototypes were built.<ref name=bbc1/> Various international companies, including [[Coca-Cola]], [[Pepsi]], [[BMW]], [[Agilent Technologies]], and [[Hyundai Group|Hyundai]], have chosen Gurgaon as their Indian corporate headquarters; this continues to  in the 2020s, with [[Cargill]] and [[Nissan]] making the same choice.<ref name=bbc1/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=BL Chennai |date=3 August 2022 |title=Cargill opens new headquarters at Gurugram |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/cargill-opens-new-headquarters-at-gurugram/article65721645.ece |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423164516/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/cargill-opens-new-headquarters-at-gurugram/article65721645.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=HT Auto |date=30 May 2022 |title=Nissan Motor India now has its new headquarter in Gurugram |url=https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/news/nissan-motor-india-now-has-its-new-headquarter-in-gurugram-41653892798114.html |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=HT Auto |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423164517/https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/news/nissan-motor-india-now-has-its-new-headquarter-in-gurugram-41653892798114.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Companies with head offices in the city include [[Air India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/corporate-information.html|title=Corporate Information|publisher=Air India|access-date=30 July 2024|quote=Registered Office Address: Block-4, Vatika One on One, Sector-16, NH-48 Industrial Estate, Gurugram HR 122007 INDIA}}</ref> [[IndiGo]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goindigo.in/contact-us.html|title=Contact Us|publisher=[[IndiGo]]|access-date=30 July 2024|quote=Third floor, Emaar Capital Tower 2, Mehrauli - Gurgaon Road, Gurugram, Haryana – 122002}}</ref> [[SpiceJet]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://corporate.spicejet.com/contactusinv.aspx|title=Contact Us|publisher=[[SpiceJet]]|access-date=30 July 2024|quote=[bottom of the page] Registered Office: SpiceJet Ltd, 319, Udyog Vihar, Phase IV, Gurgaon, Haryana - 122016}}</ref> and [[Vistara]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airvistara.com/in/en/contact-us|title=Contact Us|publisher=[[Vistara]]|access-date=30 July 2024|quote=Intellion Edge, Tower A, 9th and 10th Floor,South Peripheral Road, Sector – 72, Gurugram, Haryana - 122101}}</ref>
All the major companies in the city depend on their own backup, given the fact that Gurgaon does not have a reliable power and water supply, public transport or utilities.{{cn|date=September 2024}} [[OMC Power]] is a [[distributed energy]] company headquartered in Gurgaon.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Guay |first1=Justin |date=23 October 2014 |title=Millions in New Investment Cap Record Year for Beyond the Grid Solar Markets |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/millions-in-new-investment-cap-record-year-for-beyond-the-grid-solar-markets_b_6036928 |work=HuffPost |access-date=28 September 2024}}</ref>
[[Retail]] is an important industry in Gurgaon, with the presence of 26 shopping malls.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gurgaon as IT outsourcing hub|url=http://amitarun.com/article_details.php?id=43|publisher=Amit Arun and Associates|access-date=5 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110092422/http://amitarun.com/article_details.php?id=43|archive-date=10 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Law and government==
Gurgaon is governed by the Municipal Corporation of Gurugram, which follows a mayor-council system.<ref>{{cite news|last=Joseph|first=Joel|title=Gurgaon gets first mayor after month's wait|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurgaon-gets-first-mayor-after-months-wait/articleshow/8943807.cms|access-date=5 October 2013|date=22 June 2011|agency=TNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224313/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-22/gurgaon/29689323_1_mayoral-poll-deputy-mayor-inld|archive-date=17 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, the GMDA (Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority) was formed, which looks after the city's infrastructure.
==Crime==
As per the authorities, the following is the key crime data of Gurgaon for 2022:<ref>{{cite news |title=Gurgaon in crime: The year that was |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/gurgaon-the-year-in-crime-8352893/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |agency=Express News Service |issue=New Delhi |publisher=The Indian Express (P) Ltd |date=31 December 2022 |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312081921/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/gurgaon-the-year-in-crime-8352893/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nature of crime
! Number of cases (2022)
! % change (as compared to 2021)
! class="sortable" |Notes
|-
|[[Homicide]]
|88
|
|80% cases solved and perpetrators arrested.
|-
|[[Rape]]
|187
| -15% (Decline)
|
|-
|[[Child sex abuse]]
|214
| -21% (decline)
|
|-
|[[Molestation]]
|214
| -9% (decline)
|
|-
|[[Robbery]]/[[Theft|loot]]
|62
| -2% (Decline)
|88% cases solved.
|-
|[[Burglary]]
|353
| -5% (decline)
|
|-
|[[Snatch theft|Snatching]]
|216
| +27% (rise)
|Majority of the cases solved. Tracing ratio improved from 46% to 73%.
|-
|[[Motor vehicle theft|Vehicle theft]]
|3,523
| -2% (decline)
|
|-
|[[Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (India)|Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act]] cases
|162
|
|Over 465&nbsp;kg ganja, 1.8&nbsp;kg sulpha drugs, 1.9&nbsp;kg heroin & 25 gm MDMA seized.
|-
|[[Gambling]]
|381
|
|
|-
|[[Excise|Excise act]] cases
|1,461
|
|Over 63,558 bottles of imported liquor, 80,914 bottles of country-made liquor & 12,917 bottles of beer seized.
|-
|[[Arms Act, 1959|Arms act]] cases
|354
|
|
|-
|[[Challan|Challans]] ([[Traffic tickets]]) issued for traffic violations
|7,33,933
|
|
|-
|Vehicles impounded under [[scrappage program]]
|1,458
|
|Diesel vehicles older than 10 years and petrol vehicles older than 15 years impounded.
|-
|[[Absconding|Proclaimed offenders]] arrested
|800
| +46% (rise)
|
|-
|[[Failure to appear|Bail jumpers]] held
|357
| +179% (rise)
|
|-
|}
The police department in Gurgaon is headed by the Commissioner of Police - Gurgaon Police, which forms a part of the [[Haryana Police]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Gurgaon Police|url=http://gurgaon.haryanapolice.gov.in/index.htm|publisher=Gurgaon Police, Govt. of Haryana.|access-date=24 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195043/http://gurgaon.haryanapolice.gov.in/index.htm|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and reports to the Haryana state government. Gurgaon Police has a separate traffic police department headquartered in sector 51.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gurgaon police|url=http://gurgaon.haryanapolice.gov.in/overview-traffic.htm|publisher=Gurgaon Police, Govt. of Haryana.|access-date=24 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022030838/http://gurgaon.haryanapolice.gov.in/overview-traffic.htm|archive-date=22 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Fire protection within the city limits is provided by Municipal Corporation of Gurugram through four fire stations, located in sector 29, sector 37, Udyog Vihar and Bhim Nagar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gurgaon's fourth fire station opens in Udyog Vihar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurgaons-fourth-fire-station-opens-in-Udyog-Vihar/articleshow/12682156.cms|access-date=24 October 2013|date=16 April 2012|agency=TNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195213/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-16/gurgaon/31349168_1_fire-station-fire-tenders-udyog-vihar|archive-date=29 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2018, the first cyber police station was inaugurated in the city. As per the authorities, around 1,500 complaints related to cybercrime, including cyber fraud, online banking fraud, cheating through bank cards, social media complaints & data theft, are received every month. Due to a shortage of in-house cyber experts, the police largely outsource such cases to external organisations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhankhar |first1=Leena |title=Gurugram police to use volunteer cyber experts to probe fraud cases |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/gurugram-police-to-use-volunteer-cyber-experts-to-probe-fraud-cases-101676579024222.html |access-date=11 March 2023 |agency=Hindustan Times |issue=New Delhi |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311173725/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/gurugram-police-to-use-volunteer-cyber-experts-to-probe-fraud-cases-101676579024222.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Education ==
{{See also|List of educational institutions in Gurgaon}}
[[File:Itmfront.jpg|thumb|[[The NorthCap University]]|alt=|left]]
The city's public school system is managed by the government of Haryana and administered by [[Haryana Board of School Education]]. There are other schools affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]], [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]] and [[International Baccalaureate]] boards. Key schools in the city include [[Alpine Convent School]], [[Ambience Public Schools|Ambience Public School]], Amity International School, [[Blue Bells Model School]], [[Delhi Public School]], [[GEMS Education|Gems International School]], [[Gurugram Public School]], [[Heritage Xperiential Learning School, Gurgaon|Heritage Xperiential Learning School]], [[K R Mangalam World School]], [[Lancers International School]], MatriKiran, [[Ryan International School]], [[SCR Public School]], [[Shalom Hills International School]], [[The Shri Ram School]] and [[Vega Schools]].
[[File:National Brain Research Centre (Gurgaon, Haraya, India).jpg|thumb|[[National Brain Research Centre]]]]
There are several universities and institutes, offering bachelor's, master's, doctorate and other programs, located in Gurgaon and the surrounding area, including [[Gurugram University]], [[Sushant University]], [[The NorthCap University]], [[GD Goenka University]], [[K.R. Mangalam University]], [[Amity University, Gurgaon|Amity University]], [[Management Development Institute]], [[Great Lakes Institute of Management]], [[Infinity Business School]], [[BML Munjal University]], [[Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Universities & Colleges|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=8&Unitype=3|publisher=University Grants Commission|access-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802035806/http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=8&Unitype=3|archive-date=2 August 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Transport ==
=== Roadways ===
The major highway that links Gurgaon is [[National Highway 48 (India)|National Highway 48]], the road that runs from Delhi to Mumbai. While the {{convert|27.7|km|adj=on}} Delhi-Gurgaon border-Kherki Dhaula stretch has been developed as the [[Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway]], the rest is expanded to six lanes.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dash|first=Dipak Kumar|title=NH48 stretch on Delhi-Gurgaon border is India's deadliest road|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/NH8-stretch-on-Delhi-Gurgaon-border-is-Indias-deadliest-road/articleshow/17513030.cms|access-date=11 October 2013|date=7 December 2012|agency=TNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302090409/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-07/india/35669578_1_border-kherki-delhi-gurgaon-gurgaon-section|archive-date=2 March 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Railways ===
==== Intercity rail ====
[[Gurgaon railway station]] is operated by [[Northern Railway Zone (India)|Northern Railway]] of [[Indian Railways]]. The rail station forms a part of the larger Indian Railways network. Along with that, Gurgaon has Tajnagar railway station, Dhankot railway station, Ghari Harsaru Railway Junction and Farrukhnagar Railway Station, Patli Railway Station. Under Modernisation of Railway Stations, Indian Railways is modernising four [[railway station]]s in Gurgaon. Gurgaon railway station, Ghari Harsaru Railway Junction and Farrukhnagar Railway Station will be developed and modernised with modern amenities and international facilities.
==== Delhi Metro ====
There are five stations served by [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.]] located on the [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Line]], which are [[HUDA City Centre metro station|Millennium City Centre]], [[IFFCO Chowk metro station|IFFCO Chowk]], [[MG Road metro station, Delhi|MG Road]], [[Sikanderpur metro station|Sikanderpur]] and [[Guru Dronacharya metro station|Guru Droncharya]].
There are plans to extend metro coverage in future. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Gurugram Metro Rail project: Cost, total length, stations, and other details |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/gurugram-metro-rail-project-cost-total-length-total-stations/articleshow/107753403.cms |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |date=16 February 2024 |access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>
====Rapid Metro====
The [[Rapid Metro Gurgaon|Rapid Metro]] has eleven stations in Gurgaon, with an interchange with [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Line]] of [[Delhi Metro]] at [[Sikanderpur metro station]]. The Rapid Metro became operational in November 2013 and currently covers a distance of {{convert|11.7|km}}.<ref>{{cite news |last=Joseph |first=Joel |title=From tomorrow, Gurgaon will finally have its Rapid Metro |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/From-tomorrow-Gurgaon-will-finally-have-its-Rapid-Metro/articleshow/25662274.cms |access-date=13 November 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=13 November 2013 |agency=TNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112211514/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/From-tomorrow-Gurgaon-will-finally-have-its-Rapid-Metro/articleshow/25662274.cms |archive-date=12 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> One more phase of the project is in the pipeline and would take the total number of subway stations in the city to 16. An estimated 33,000 people ride the Rapid Metro every day, which provides an exclusive elevated transit service with three coach trains that run in a loop.<ref>{{cite news|last1=ASHOK|first1=SOWMIYA|title=Are Gurgaon residents game for a smooth ride on the Rapid Metro?|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/are-gurgaon-residents-game-for-a-smooth-ride-on-the-rapid-metro/article6118735.ece|access-date=18 June 2014|work=The Hindu|date=16 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620053451/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/are-gurgaon-residents-game-for-a-smooth-ride-on-the-rapid-metro/article6118735.ece|archive-date=20 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Airways ===
==== Airport ====
Gurgaon is served by Delhi's [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], which is located just outside of Gurgaon city limits near National Highway 8.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Behl |first=Abhishek |date=24 March 2017 |title=Coming soon: A tunnel to connect Dwarka expressway with Delhi airport |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/coming-soon-a-tunnel-to-connect-dwarka-expressway-with-delhi-airport/story-t88u98aNp1utR8suI8CWtO.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref>
=== Transit systems ===
==== Public transit ====
In November 2013, Gurgaon launched an ''[[Ciclovia]]''-inspired initiative known as ''Raahgiri Day''—in which a corridor of streets is closed to motor vehicle traffic on Sunday mornings to encourage the use of non-motorized transport and participation in outdoor leisure activities. Gurgaon was the first city in India to implement such a program, followed by New Delhi, and later Noida.<ref>{{cite news|title=New area in Gurgaon to have 'Raahgiri Day'|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/new-area-in-gurgaon-to-have-raahgiri-day-114022700947_1.html|access-date=17 March 2014|newspaper=Business Standard|date=27 February 2014|agency=IANS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317181624/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/new-area-in-gurgaon-to-have-raahgiri-day-114022700947_1.html|archive-date=17 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=fwire|title=New area in Gurgaon to have 'Raahgiri Day'|url=http://www.firstpost.com/fwire/new-area-in-gurgaon-to-have-raahgiri-day-1411729.html|access-date=28 November 2014|agency=IANS|publisher=Firstpost|date=27 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924120444/http://www.firstpost.com/fwire/new-area-in-gurgaon-to-have-raahgiri-day-1411729.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia-raahgiri">{{cite news|title=Raahgiri: Less honking, more bonding — How Gurgaon showed the way|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Raahgiri-Less-honking-more-bonding-How-Gurgaon-showed-the-way/articleshow/51468982.cms|access-date=15 April 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322210643/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Raahgiri-Less-honking-more-bonding-How-Gurgaon-showed-the-way/articleshow/51468982.cms|archive-date=22 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Gurgaon is also expected to get India's first [[Personal rapid transit|pod taxis]].<ref>{{cite news|title=India's First Pod Taxis Are Coming Up In Gurgaon And The Rs 850 Crore Project Begins Next Month|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/world/india-s-first-pod-taxis-are-coming-up-in-gurgaon-and-the-rs-850-crore-project-begins-next-month-258249.html|access-date=12 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220211712/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/world/india-s-first-pod-taxis-are-coming-up-in-gurgaon-and-the-rs-850-crore-project-begins-next-month-258249.html|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Delhi Gurgaon Toll Gate.jpg|Toll gate of the [[Delhi Gurgaon Expressway]]
File:Gurgaon Rapid Metro.jpg|The [[Rapid Metro Gurgaon|Gurgaon Rapid Metro]] serves the city of Gurgaon.
File:HUDA City Center (Delhi Metro).jpg|[[Delhi Metro|Millennium City Centre metro station]] on the [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Line]] of [[Delhi Metro]]
File:HR-FDB-Volvo.jpg|[[Haryana Roadways]] operates buses on intercity routes in the city.
</gallery>
== Utilities ==
Electricity in Gurgaon is provided by the government-owned [[Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam]]. Gurgaon has a power consumer base of 360,000 with an average power load of 700-800 MW.<ref>{{cite news |title= Essar withdraws application for distribution licence in Gurgaon |url= http://profit.ndtv.com/news/industries/article-essar-withdraws-application-for-distribution-licence-in-gurgaon-370169 |access-date= 25 October 2013 |date= 22 October 2013 |agency= PTI |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131026153948/http://profit.ndtv.com/news/industries/article-essar-withdraws-application-for-distribution-licence-in-gurgaon-370169 |archive-date= 26 October 2013 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref> There are frequent power outages in the city, especially during the peak consumption season of summer. Apart from the power deficit, the equipment used by the power department like transformers, panels and transmission lines are either old or overburdened.<ref>{{cite news |title= Night-long outage in Old Gurgaon as transformer trips on demand |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Night-long-outage-in-Old-Gurgaon-as-transformer-trips-on-demand/articleshow/35530345.cms |access-date= 10 June 2014 |agency= TNN |work= The Times of India |date= 24 May 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140603142836/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Night-long-outage-in-Old-Gurgaon-as-transformer-trips-on-demand/articleshow/35530345.cms |archive-date= 3 June 2014 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all}}</ref>
== Issues ==
=== Flooding ===
Gurgaon is notorious for its urban floods every monsoon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/dont-travel-to-water-logged-gurugram-police-advises-delhiites-heavy-traffic-jam-on-delhi-jaipur-highway_1912850.html|title=Traffic nightmare in Gurgaon; waterlogging on NH8 hits Delhi-Jaipur route, schools shut|date=29 July 2016|access-date=16 February 2017|language=en|newspaper=Zee News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216143047/http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/dont-travel-to-water-logged-gurugram-police-advises-delhiites-heavy-traffic-jam-on-delhi-jaipur-highway_1912850.html|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The areas on NH-8 around Hero Honda Chowk, Basai, Dhankot, sector 37 etc. see massive urban floods and headlines grabbing traffic jams reported widely in news media.  A recent research report puts the blame on the broken natural water body linkage and obstructions in the flow in the city due to frantic construction during the last decades.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://ballotboxindia.com/ap/gurgaon-floods/5182049549/|title=Why Gurgaon Floods, a report on watershed management and imminent dangers the city faces.|date=11 July 2016|access-date=16 February 2017|language=hi|newspaper=Why Gurgaon Floods, a report on watershed management and imminent dangers the city faces.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216134338/https://ballotboxindia.com/ap/gurgaon-floods/5182049549/|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Haryana Urban Development Authority|HUDA]] master drainage lines get choked or burst at the seams. Disruptions in the hydrological flow of natural drains and limited drainage capacity are all primary reasons for the floods.<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/>
Gurgaon's Ghata Jheel, Badshahpur Jheel, Khandsa Talab were linked to [[Najafgarh drain]] which links to [[Yamuna river]], via natural water channels and drains.<ref name=":0" />
As per the ground reports and research, the three natural water bodies are struggling for their existence with encroachments on their lands and natural channels. Agencies responsible have tried to create artificial water bodies to compensate, but the efforts fail due to unpredictable rain and water flow patterns leading to deployment of water pumps to fight the situation.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bagish Jha|date=30 March 2016|title=Huda to speed up construction of additional discharge drain under service road of NH-8 {{!}} Gurgaon News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/huda-to-speed-up-construction-of-additional-discharge-drain-under-service-road-of-nh-8/articleshow/51617586.cms|access-date=17 September 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917041541/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/huda-to-speed-up-construction-of-additional-discharge-drain-under-service-road-of-nh-8/articleshow/51617586.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2012 Punjab & Haryana High court banned ground water usage for construction activity,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gurgaon-builders-left-high-and-dry/1/208705.html|title=Gurgaon builders left high and dry|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216140412/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gurgaon-builders-left-high-and-dry/1/208705.html|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and NGT has recently reprimanded authorities for drain concretisation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/ngt-seeks-report-on-drawbacks-and-impact-of-concretization-of-natural-drains/story-PuuS2lJHU4JZhmoRWr93PP.html|title=NGT seeks report on drawbacks and impact of concretization of natural drains|date=1 February 2017|access-date=16 February 2017|language=en|newspaper=Hindustan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216130425/http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/ngt-seeks-report-on-drawbacks-and-impact-of-concretization-of-natural-drains/story-PuuS2lJHU4JZhmoRWr93PP.html|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[K D Singh Foundation]]
* [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]]
* [[New Gurgaon]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{notelist}}
== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{citation |last=Basi |first=J.K. Tina |title=Women, Identity and India's Call Centre Industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vn4VtjxyV-cC |access-date=12 November 2013 |year=2009 |publisher=Routledge |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-203-88379-2 |ref=none }}
* {{citation |last=Gururani |first=Shiva |editor=Anne M. Rademacher |others=K. Sivaramakrshnan |title=Ecologies of Urbanism in India: Metropolitan Civility and Sustainability |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fSawVRZX1YC&pg=PA119 |date=1 March 2013 |publisher=Hong Kong University Press |isbn=978-988-8139-77-4 |pages=119– |chapter=Flexible Planning: The Making of India's 'Millennium City', Gurgaon |ref=none }}
* {{citation |last=Narain |first=Vishal |title=Growing city, shrinking hinterland: land acquisition, transition and conflict in peri-urban Gurgaon, India |journal=Environment and Urbanization |volume=21 |issue=2 |year=2009 |pages=501–512 |doi=10.1177/0956247809339660|ref=none|doi-access=free|bibcode=2009EnUrb..21..501N }}
* {{citation |last=Pagnamenta |first=Robin |title=Indians riot over water shortages and power cuts |newspaper=The Times |location=London |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/article3468822.ece |date=6 July 2012 |access-date=12 November 2013 |ref=none |url-access=subscription |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219234644/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/article3468822.ece |url-status=live }}
* {{citation |last=Rich |first=Nathan |editor=Peggy Deamer |title=Architecture and Capitalism: 1845 to the Present |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yeIdAAAAQBAJ |access-date=12 November 2013 |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-1-135-04954-6 |pages=172&ndash;188 |chapter=Globally integrated/locally fractured: the extraordinary development of Gurgaon, India |ref=none }}
* {{citation |last=Yardley |first=Jim |title=In Gurgaon, India, Dynamism Wrestles With Dysfunction |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/09/world/asia/09gurgaon.html?pagewanted=all |date=6 September 2011 |access-date=12 November 2013 |ref=none |url-access=subscription |archive-date=17 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617195431/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/09/world/asia/09gurgaon.html?pagewanted=all |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
* {{citation |title=Gurgaon: Model City and Cautionary Tale, Slide Show |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=8 June 2011 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2011/06/09/world/asia/09india.html |access-date=12 November 2013}}
* {{citation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/asia/100000000828070/india-rising-off-the-grid-.html |title=India Rising, Off-the-Grid: Video |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=8 June 2011 |access-date=12 November 2013|last1=Teng |first1=Poh Si }}
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[[Category:Gurgaon| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gurgaon district]]
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