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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:JSUDM.png|thumb|300px|Drum majors of the Jackson State University marching band pictured in 2018.]] -->{{Short description|Marching band of a historically black college or university (HBCU)}}
A '''Historically Black College and University marching band''' (also known as a '''HBCU band''') is the [[marching band]] sponsored by a [[historically black college or university]]. A distinctive "HBCU-style" of marching band originated in the American South in the 1940s through the blending of earlier traditions of military music and minstrel shows with a performance repertoire based on popular song.{{cn|date=September 2023}}
HBCU bands have traditionally played a major role in fostering school pride and camaraderie.  Different studies have linked HBCU band membership with both higher and lower rates of academic achievement versus the at-large student population.{{cn|date=September 2023}} Among the predominantly male, African-American membership of the ensembles, they have been theorized to support positive identity formation. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sbomagazine.com/tradition-on-the-move-hbcu-bands-tell-the-storyby-marty-steiner/|title = Tradition on the Move, HBCU Bands Tell the Story|date = 6 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/marybethgasman/2021/11/23/the-hampton-university-marching-force-is-parading-through-new-york-city/?sh=55737c3b5387|title = The Hampton University Marching Force is Parading Through New York City|website = [[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hbcubuzz.com/2011/11/the-significance-of-hbcu-bands/|title=The Significance of HBCU Bands|date=11 November 2011}}</ref>
==History==
===Origins===
[[File:Patrick Henry Rothermel.jpg|thumb|A 1738 statute enacted by the House of Burgesses ordered conscription of "free mulattos" and blacks. Due to concerns of a rebellion, they were used as musicians instead of frontline troops, establishing the military music tradition from which HBCU bands evolved.]]
[[File:Bryant's Minstrels walkaround 2.jpg|thumb|HBCU band style was influenced by the minstrel shows of the 19th century.]]
[[File:Tuskegee University (c. 1916).jpg|thumb|The first band at an HBCU was established at what is now Tuskegee University (''pictured in 1918'') in 1890.]]
Early American military music recruited large numbers of black musicians.<ref name="bso"/> A 1738 statute enacted by the Virginia [[House of Burgesses]] required military service for “free mulattos, blacks, and Native Americans".<ref name="bso">{{cite web |last1=O'Bannon |first1=Ricky |title=Composers in Uniform |url=https://www.bsomusic.org/stories/composers-in-uniform/ |website=bsomusic.org |publisher=[[Baltimore Symphony Orchestra]] |accessdate=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831133743/https://www.bsomusic.org/stories/composers-in-uniform/ |archive-date=August 31, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to government concerns of a domestic rebellion, they were prohibited from carrying arms and were, therefore, exclusively used as "drummers, fifers, trumpeters, or [[Pioneer (military)|pioneers]]”.<ref name="bso"/> As many as 5,000 [[African-American]]s provided military service during the [[American War of Independence]], including notable musicians such as [[Barzillai Lew]]. The tendency to recruit African-Americans into military bands continued after independence; following the War of 1812, a large number of civilian, all-black brass bands formed among veteran military musicians across the United States, but particularly in [[New Orleans]] where they often adopted the theatrical styles of [[minstrel show]]s.<ref name="gasman"/>
===Early history===
Drawing on these traditions, the first HBCU band was established in 1890 at [[Tuskegee University|Tuskegee Normal School]] (later Tuskegee University) under student direction. In 1907 its first professional director, retired [[U.S. Army]] Major [[Nathaniel Clark Smith]], was appointed.<ref name="gasman">{{cite book |last1=Gasman |first1=M. |title=Opportunities and Challenges at Historically Black Colleges and Universities |date=2014 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1137480415 |pages=133–136 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ugaBgAAQBAJ}}</ref> Ensembles at additional historically black colleges and universities followed. Under the early direction of W.C. Hardy - a former minstrel show musician - [[Alabama A&M University]] began performing popular songs of the day in addition to marches, an approach to music selection later popularized among other HBCU and Primarily White Institution (PWI) bands.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Faussett |first1=Richard |title=Hazing investigation is sour note for Georgia marching bands |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2011-dec-17-la-na-band-hazing-20111218-story.html |accessdate=March 8, 2020 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 17, 2011}}</ref><ref name="gasman"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wootson |first1=Cleve |title=From Grambling State to Lady Gaga: The Super Bowl halftime show's humble history |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/02/02/from-grambling-state-to-lady-gaga-the-super-bowl-halftime-shows-humble-history/ |accessdate=March 3, 2020 |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |date=February 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303210028/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/02/02/from-grambling-state-to-lady-gaga-the-super-bowl-halftime-shows-humble-history/ |archive-date=March 3, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The earliest incarnation of the modern HBCU style of marching band, in which the distinctive high-stepping style coalesced with popular music and elaborate dance routines by both bandsmen and auxiliaries, has been traced to Florida A&M University in the 1940s.<ref name="btimes">{{cite news |title=History of African-American Marching Bands |url=https://www.birminghamtimes.com/2016/08/history-of-african-american-marching-bands/ |accessdate=March 3, 2020 |work=Birmingham Times |date=August 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304022546/https://www.birminghamtimes.com/2016/08/history-of-african-american-marching-bands/ |archive-date=March 4, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Beginning in 1952, under director Conrad Hutchinson, the [[Grambling State University]] band cultivated a reputation for extravagant performances that was soon emulated by bands at most other HBCUs.<ref name="btimes"/><ref name="tammy">{{cite book |last1=Kernodle |first1=Tammy |title=Encyclopedia of African American Music |date=2010 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-0313342004 |pages=316–317}}</ref>
In 1955, the marching band of [[Tennessee State University]] became the first HBCU band to appear on national television during their performance at a [[Chicago Bears]] [[NFL]] game.<ref name="philly"/> Six years later, in 1961, the band became the first HBCU band to perform for an inauguration of the [[President of the United States]] when it was assigned to the inaugural parade of [[John F. Kennedy]].<ref name="philly"/> The Grambling State University marching band provided halftime entertainment at [[Super Bowl I]] in 1967, with its performance later named "One of the Top 10 Super Bowl Halftime Shows” by ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''.<ref name="philly"/>
===21st century===
As of the 2010s, HBCU bands included those of [[Alabama State University]], [[Savannah State University]], [[Grambling State University]], [[Tennessee State University]], [[Norfolk State University]], [[Texas Southern University]], [[South Carolina State University]], [[North Carolina A&T State University]], [[Jackson State University]], [[Florida A&M University]], [[Bethune Cookman University]], [[Winston-Salem State University]], [[Fayetteville State University]], [[Shaw University]], [[Virginia State University]], [[Southern University]] and [[Hampton University]].<ref name="philly">{{cite news |title=Top 10 Legendary HBCU Marching Bands |url=https://www.phillytrib.com/top-legendary-hbcu-marching-bands/article_c67eb1b7-9998-58d6-a008-256f158c9aa5.html |accessdate=March 3, 2020 |work=[[Philadelphia Tribune]] |date=October 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303103304/https://www.phillytrib.com/top-legendary-hbcu-marching-bands/article_c67eb1b7-9998-58d6-a008-256f158c9aa5.html |archive-date=March 3, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="halftime"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=White |first1=Herbert |title=At HBCUs, Band Members Are Halftime Heroes |url=https://www.ourstate.com/halftime-heros/ |accessdate=March 4, 2020 |work=Our State Magazine |date=August 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602065254/http://www.ourstate.com/halftime-heros/ |archive-date=June 2, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some high schools, principally in the [[American South]], have adopted the HBCU style, including [[Jefferson Davis High School (Montgomery, Alabama)|Jefferson Davis High School]] of [[Montgomery, Alabama]] and [[Southwest DeKalb High School]] in [[Decatur, Georgia]].<ref name="gasman"/><ref name="usatoday"/>
==Characteristics==
===Drum majors===
[[File:Jefferson Davis High School band 2020 (20 Mbps).ogv|thumb|right|Drum majors and dancers of Jefferson Davis High School, an HBCU-style high school band, shown during the [[Rex parade]] in 2020.]]
[[File:The100.jpg|thumb|Members of the Florida A&M University marching band perform during a "breakdown" in 2008.]]
[[File:Winston Salem State University band.gif|thumb|The Winston-Salem State University band in 2019, exhibiting the high step with upper body swing typical of HBCU band marching style.]]
[[File:SouthernvsTSU101919-79 (48969303441).jpg|thumb|Snare drummers of the [[Southern University]] marching band pictured in 2019.]]
[[File:SouthernvsTSU101919-3 (48969365746).jpg|thumb|The drum major of Southern University pictured in 2019.]]
Drum majors in HBCU bands fill a different role than those of other marching bands which use the position to control tempo and impart field direction.<ref name="al">{{cite news|last1=Whitley|first1=Carla Jean|title=HBCU bands are as—or more—popular than their football teams. Here's why|url=http://www.al.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2015/10/hbcu_bands_are_as--or_more--po.html|accessdate=April 29, 2018|work=[[The Birmingham News]]|date=October 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104035552/http://www.al.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2015/10/hbcu_bands_are_as--or_more--po.html|archive-date=November 4, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The role of HBCU drum majors evolved from that of leaders of bands in [[Minstrel show#Black minstrels|black minstrel parades]] who were performers themselves.<ref name="al"/><ref name="gasman"/> In the black minstrel theatrics of the 19th century, according to Lee Evans citing DeVeaux and Giddins, "'black people realized that they could perform their ‘blackness’ for money,' so they began dancing and singing and doing comedy skits in the streets'.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Erickson |first1=Shannon |title=James A. Bland |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/bland-james-1854-1911/ |website=blackpast.org |publisher=BlackPast |accessdate=March 8, 2020|date=2008-06-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Evans |first1=Lee |title=What was Minstrelsy? |url=https://www.jazzedmagazine.com/articles/basic-training/what-was-minstrelsy/ |accessdate=March 8, 2020 |work=JAZZed Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019034059/http://www.jazzedmagazine.com/articles/basic-training/what-was-minstrelsy/ |archive-date=October 19, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{efn|Depending on the source, this either mimicked blackface Minstrelsy, or blackface Minstrelsy mimicked it.}}
===Instrumentation===
Many HBCU bands feature an instrumentation that privileges [[brass instrument]]s to maximize sound and create a "brighter" musical tone. Snare drummers typically use a traditional, military-style sling drum instead of the harness drum typical of contemporary American marching bands.<ref name="katz"/>
===Marching style and drill technique===
The marching style of HBCU bands has been described as "show style" and represents a modification of the high-step marching style popularized by the bands of the [[Big Ten Conference]] in the early 20th century with the addition of an upper body swing.<ref name="ferris">{{cite book |last1=Ferris |first1=William |title=The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 14: Folklife |date=2010 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-0807898550 |page=322}}</ref><ref name="katz">{{cite news |last1=Katzman |first1=Christine |title=The Art and Technique of HBCU |url=http://www.halftimemag.com/features/the-art-and-technique-of-hbcu.html |accessdate=March 4, 2020 |work=Halftime Magazine |date=March 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915013735/http://www.halftimemag.com/features/the-art-and-technique-of-hbcu.html |archive-date=September 15, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> During field shows, HBCU bands perform geometric maneuvers featuring straight lines based on the four-person squad system of drill influenced by former [[Purdue University]] band director [[Bill Moffit]]'s text ''Patterns in Motion''.<ref name="katz"/> These drills are interspersed with energetic dance routines known as ''breakdowns''.<ref name="ferris"/><ref name="katz"/>
===Repertoire===
From an early stage, HBCU bands have placed a focus on performing a musical repertoire reflective of the popular song of the day, a practice later adopted by PWI bands. This has recently included a heavy emphasis on [[R&B]] and [[Hip Hop]] chart toppers. HBCU bands are also known for "punches" – short, musical pieces drawn from the melody of songs associated with popular culture such as television and movie theme songs. During stoppages in game play these will be performed in alternating sequences with the opposing band, with the ensemble able to perform the most without repeating any "winning" the battle.<ref name="tammy"/><ref name="indyweek">{{cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=William |title=Stepping Tall |url=https://indyweek.com/music/features/stepping-tall/ |accessdate=March 5, 2020 |work=[[Indy Week]] |date=October 17, 2001}}</ref>
===Terminology===
HBCU bands employ a distinct nomenclature. Performances are called ''battles'', while the energetic participation or approval of the crowd is known as ''house'' and ensembles attempt to "win house".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Harvey |title=The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 16: Sports and Recreation |date=2014 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-1469616766 |page=145 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSiaAgAAQBAJ}}</ref> Performing a "punch" is called ''throwing'', as in "throwing a punch".<ref name="indyweek"/>
==Events==
The [[Honda Battle of the Bands]] is a popular annual, invitational exhibition of HBCU bands that occurs each winter in [[Atlanta, Georgia]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Willis |first1=Kiersten |title=Honda Battle of the Bands returns to Atlanta this weekend |url=https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/honda-battle-the-bands-returns-atlanta-this-weekend/prC2KaMi01EnddNXrgJzCK/ |accessdate=March 5, 2020 |work=[[Atlanta Journal-Constitution]] |date=January 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125123135/https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/honda-battle-the-bands-returns-atlanta-this-weekend/prC2KaMi01EnddNXrgJzCK/ |archive-date=January 25, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Since its inception in 2019, the National Battle of the Bands in [[Houston, Texas]] has been one of the most attended annual HBCU marching band showcases in the nation.  Over 40,000 are in attendance each year to see 6-8 HBCU marching bands perform in [[NRG Stadium]] every August.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nationalbattleofthebands.com/about-us/ | title=About Us - National BOTB | date=6 March 2022 }}</ref>
==Sociological and pedagogical aspects of HBCU bands==
===Academics and personal development===
====Negative aspects====
Graduation rates among members of HBCU marching bands tend to lag behind those of the general population of the institutions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hollinger |first1=Michelle |title=Bethune Cookman University Drum Majors Fulfill Graduation Promise |url=http://www.sfltimes.com/news/bethune-cookman-university-drum-majors-fulfill-graduation-promise |accessdate=March 5, 2020 |work=South Florida Times |date=December 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610150411/http://www.sfltimes.com/news/bethune-cookman-university-drum-majors-fulfill-graduation-promise |archive-date=June 10, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Positive aspects====
Research by Henry Taylor Frierson concluded that HBCU marching bands represent an ideal institution for development of black male youth by supporting positive identity formation and a customized support structure.<ref name="frierson"/>
===Cultural status===
A 2009 study found that 50.2-percent of incoming, current, and former students and faculty at HBCUs listed the reputation of the school's marching band as a leading factor in their decision to attend or work at that institution, making it the fourth most cited factor after genuine interest, cultural connection, and location.<ref name="frierson">{{cite book|last1=Frierson|first1=Henry Taylor|title=Black American Males in Higher Education: Research, Programs and Academe|date=2009|publisher=Emerald Group Publishing|isbn=978-1849506434|pages=14–18|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=44fCBDIPrZYC}}</ref> Meanwhile, 83.9-percent stated their feeling that most people attended HBCU football games only to see the marching band perform.<ref name="frierson"/> In 2018, the [[Associated Press]] observed that "on some black college campuses, marching band members are more popular than basketball or football players".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Landrum|first1=Jonathan|title=For marching bands at historically black schools, it's 'about the showmanship'|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/04/10/for-marching-bands-at-historically-black-schools-its-about-the-showmanship/|accessdate=April 29, 2018|work=[[San Jose Mercury News]]|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=April 10, 2018}}</ref>
===Gender roles===
The position of drum major at HBCUs has traditionally been dominated by men.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Graham |first1=Latria |title=While female drum majors remain rare, NaKia Bryant leads her band to new success |url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/culture/feature/story/_/id/18782525/while-female-drum-majors-remain-rare-nakia-bryant-leads-band-new-success |accessdate=March 5, 2020 |work=[[ESPN]] |date=February 17, 2017}}</ref> In 2018, the first female drum major at Florida A&M University was selected in that band's 72-year history.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ellison |first1=Denver |title=First female drum major at FAMU is from DeKalb |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/local/first-female-drum-major-famu-from-dekalb/vJiHJKVW1yWT3ReTUzfC0O/ |accessdate=March 5, 2020 |work=[[Atlanta Journal-Constitution]] |date=August 1, 2018}}</ref>
===Hazing===
Several sources have reported on endemic hazing within HBCU bands.<ref name="npr"/><ref name="bsu">{{cite news |last1=Paterson |first1=James |title=Another student group suspended for hazing — this time, it's the band |url=https://www.educationdive.com/news/another-student-group-suspended-for-hazing-this-time-its-the-band/541725/ |accessdate=March 4, 2020 |work=Education Dive |date=November 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227112823/https://www.educationdive.com/news/another-student-group-suspended-for-hazing-this-time-its-the-band/541725/ |archive-date=December 27, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2011, [[NPR]] reported that – at one school – new members "had to face choreographed assaults, with two-by-fours, belts, baseball bats ... suffering literally hundreds of blows from their older compatriots".<ref name="npr"/> Hazing-related deaths and injuries within the bands of [[Southern University]] and [[Florida A&M University]] have led to criminal prosecutions.<ref name="npr">{{cite news |last1=Deford |first1=Frank |title=For Some Marching Bands, Hazing Means Brutality |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/12/07/143211079/for-some-marching-bands-hazing-means-brutality?t=1583370895031 |accessdate=March 4, 2020 |work=[[NPR]] |date=December 7, 2011}}</ref>
The Red Dawg Order, a student anti-hazing organization established in 1994 within the Florida A&M University marching band, subsequently morphed into a "ganglike organization" that established a presence in nearly every HBCU band in the United States and became – in some bands – a leading instigator of hazing.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Inabinett |first1=Curtis |title=The Legendary Florida A&M University Marching Band The History of "The Hundred" |date=2016 |publisher=Page |isbn=978-1683489818 |page=233}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanders |first1=Topher |title=FAMU's Red Dawgs started as shelter from hazing; now part of school's darkest period |url=https://www.jacksonville.com/news/florida/2012-02-04/story/famus-red-dawgs-started-shelter-hazing-now-part-schools-darkest-period |accessdate=March 4, 2020 |work=[[Florida Times-Union]] |date=February 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725232703/http://jacksonville.com/news/florida/2012-02-04/story/famus-red-dawgs-started-shelter-hazing-now-part-schools-darkest-period |archive-date=July 25, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Racial issues===
HBCU bands tend to be predominantly African-American, though occasionally persons of other races have been members. According to a 2012 study, white students attending an HBCU generally avoided social activities and focused on academics, however, if they were a member of the school's band they "appeared to develop strong relationships with their peers" within the ensemble.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carter |first1=Joelle Davis |title=An Analysis of White Student Engagement at Public HBCUs |journal=Educational Foundations |date=2012 |pages=55 |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1000230.pdf |access-date=2020-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101054503/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1000230.pdf |archive-date=2019-01-01 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2001, Matt Smith became the first white drum major at [[Hampton University]].<ref name="halftime">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Matt |title=It's Showtime |url=http://www.halftimemag.com/behind-the-baton/its-showtime.html |accessdate=March 3, 2020 |work=Halftime Magazine |date=July 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303221531/http://www.halftimemag.com/behind-the-baton/its-showtime.html |archive-date=March 3, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Smith, opposing schools would use Smith's race to demean the group as a whole.<ref name="halftime">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Matt |title=It's Showtime |url=http://www.halftimemag.com/behind-the-baton/its-showtime.html |accessdate=March 3, 2020 |work=Halftime Magazine |date=July 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303221531/http://www.halftimemag.com/behind-the-baton/its-showtime.html |archive-date=March 3, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
From 2018 to 2020, Justin Heideman, who is white, was head drum major of the [[Jefferson Davis High School (Montgomery, Alabama)|Jefferson Davis High School]] (Montgomery, Alabama) marching band, an HBCU-style high school band.<ref name="usatoday">{{cite news |last1=Toran |first1=Andre |title='Vanilla Funk': Hostile responses to viral video miss real story of white boy, black band |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2019/12/14/montgomery-alabama-jeff-davis-high-school-band-leaders-real-story/4398855002/ |accessdate=March 3, 2020 |work=[[USA Today]] |date=December 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303144415/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2019/12/14/montgomery-alabama-jeff-davis-high-school-band-leaders-real-story/4398855002/ |archive-date=March 3, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the second year of Heideman's tenure, after video of one of the band's performances was posted online, Heideman encountered – according to ''USA Today'' – "hate, ignorance and prejudice" in a minority of online comments to the video, with some suggesting "there was something heinous about a group of black children following the lead of a white boy".<ref name="usatoday"/> However, Jefferson Davis students defended Heideman's role and the majority of comments offered "praise and positive social engagement".<ref name="usatoday"/> Writing in ''[[Teen Vogue]]'', Danielle Kwateng-Clark later lauded Heideman as a positive example of "a white person ... existing in predominantly Black space".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kwateng-Clark |first1=Danielle |title=White Drum Major John Heiderman Used His Virality for Good |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/white-drum-major-justin-heiderman-used-virality-for-good |accessdate=March 4, 2020 |work=[[Teen Vogue]] |date=November 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214160152/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/white-drum-major-justin-heiderman-used-virality-for-good |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==In popular culture==
* The 2002 comedy film ''[[Drumline (film)|Drumline]]'' chronicled the story of students in a HBCU band. A television sequel, ''[[Drumline: A New Beat]]'' premiered on [[VH1]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://remotecontrol.mtv.com/2014/01/29/charlamagne-and-friends-nick-cannon-drumline-2-sneak-peek/ | title=News - Entertainment, Music, Movies, Celebrity | access-date=2020-03-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028063941/http://remotecontrol.mtv.com/2014/01/29/charlamagne-and-friends-nick-cannon-drumline-2-sneak-peek/ | archive-date=2014-10-28 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In 2017 [[ESPN]] launched ''ESPN/The Undefeated HBCU Band Rankings'' "to identify the top bands from the [[Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference|Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC)]] and [[Southwestern Athletic Conference|Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC)]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=New Content Initiative Highlights Marching Band Culture at Historically Black Colleges and Universities |url=https://espnpressroom.com/us/press-releases/2017/10/espns-undefeated-launches-hbcu-band-rankings/ |website=espnpressroom.com |publisher=[[ESPN]] |accessdate=March 3, 2020 |date=2017-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303102052/https://espnpressroom.com/us/press-releases/2017/10/espns-undefeated-launches-hbcu-band-rankings/ |archive-date=March 3, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Jazz funeral]]
* [[Stepping (African-American)|Stepping]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-iW2d8GacQ&t=1m33s Video of the Jackson State University marching band departing the Circle City Classic in 2019]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RL_3oqpHiDg Video of Grambling State University's halftime show at the 2018 Bayou Classic]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWO8XtIaaSI Video of Southern University's marching band during New Orleans' Bacchus Parade in 2020]
{{Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Marching Bands}}
{{Marching Bands of the Southwestern Athletic Conference}}
[[Category:Marching bands]]
[[Category:Sports and historically black universities and colleges in the United States]]
[[Category:African-American culture]]