View source for HSwMS Malmö (J7)

{{short description|Swedish destroyer}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
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{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image= HMS Malmö at sea.jpg
|Ship caption= ''Malmö''
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{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country=Sweden
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Sweden|naval}}
|Ship name=''Malmö''
|Ship owner=
|Ship namesake=[[Malmö]]
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstad]], [[Gothenburg]]
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=22 September 1938
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=15 August 1939
|Ship decommissioned=1 February 1965
|Ship in service=
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|Ship reinstated=
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{{Infobox ship characteristics
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|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass|Göteborg|destroyer|0}} [[destroyer]]
|Ship displacement=* {{convert|1200|t|LT|lk=on|0|abbr=on}}, full load
*{{convert|1040|t|LT|abbr=on}}, standard displacement
|Ship length={{convert|310|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|o.a.]]
|Ship beam={{convert|29|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught= {{convert|12|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=3 oil fired boilers, 2 de Laval steam turbines, {{convert|32000|shp|lk=in|abbr=on}}, 2 screws
|Ship speed={{convert|39|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|1200|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|20|kn|abbr=on}}
|Ship complement=135
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*3 × {{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}} Bofors M/24C [[dual-purpose gun|DP]] guns (3×1)
*6 × {{convert|25|mm|in|abbr=on}} Bofors M/40 (3×2)
*6 × {{convert|533|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (2×3)
*2 × [[Depth charge]] throwers
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''HSwMS ''Malmö''''' was a [[destroyer]] of the [[Royal Swedish Navy]] that served during the [[World War II|Second World War]] and in the [[Cold War]]. The third member of the {{sclass|Göteborg|destroyer|5}} or City class, an improvement on the previous {{sclass|Ehrensköld|destroyer|4}}, ''Malmö'' was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 22 September 1938. The destroyer served during the war on [[Swedish neutrality|neutrality]] patrols and escorts, as well as the evacuation of [[Gotland]] in 1941. After the war, the ship was upgraded multiple times. Armament was improved with the introduction of the [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70|Bofors 40 mm]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] gun in 1951 and the [[Squid (weapon)|Squid mortar]] ten years later. The latter followed the redefinition of ''Malmö'' as an [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] [[frigate]]. The ship served in that role for a short time, being decommissioned on 1 February 1965 and [[Ship breaking|broken up]] as the part of a wider Swedish naval programme of retiring destroyers and frigates.
==Design and development==
{{Main|Göteborg-class destroyer}}
The {{sclass|Göteborg|destroyer|5}} or City class were a development of the {{sclass|Ehrensköld|destroyer}} with a higher speed achieved by introducing [[Superheater|superheating]] and lightening the structure through using [[welding]] rather than [[rivet]]s. After the success of the first two members of the class, {{HSwMS|Göteborg|J5|2}} and {{HSwMS|Stockholm|J6|2}}, both [[Keel laying|laid down]] in 1933, the Swedish [[Riksdag]] authorised an additional two ships of the same design in 1936.{{sfn|Borgenstam|Insulander|Kaudern|1989|page=48}}{{sfn|Wangel|1982|page=312}} The first of this second batch was ''Malmö''.{{sfn|Whitley|2000|page=249}}
[[Displacement (ship)|Displacing]] {{convert|1040|t|LT|lk=on}} standard and {{convert|1200|t|LT|abbr=on}} full load, ''Norrköping'' had an [[Length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|94.6|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|93|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}} [[Length between perpendiculars|between perpendiculars]]. [[Beam (nautical)|Beam]] was {{convert|9|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}} and maximum [[draft (ship)|draught]] {{convert|3.8|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Gardiner|Chesneau|1980|page=372}} Power was provided by three Penhoët oil-fired boilers feeding two de Laval geared [[steam turbine]]s driving two [[Propeller|shafts]]. The ship had two [[Funnel (ship)|funnels]]. New materials allowed the boilers to be superheated to {{convert|125|C|F|abbr=on}}, which raised the rated power to e {{convert|32000|shp|kW|lk=on}} to give a design speed of {{convert|39|kn}}. In trials, the destroyer exceeded this, reaching {{convert|41|kn}}.{{sfn|Palmsteirna|1972|page=73}} A total of {{convert|150|LT|t|order=flip|abbr=on}} of [[fuel oil]] was carried to give a range of {{convert|1200|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|20|kn}}.{{sfn|Blackman|1960|page=272}}
The main armament consisted of three {{convert|12|cm|in|abbr=on|1}} K/45 M24C [[dual-purpose gun]]s produced by [[Bofors]]. These were placed in separate mounts on the ship's centreline, with one on the [[forecastle]], one [[aft]] and one between the funnels.{{sfn|Borgenstam|Insulander|Kaudern|1989|page=49}} The guns were of a loose-barrel type, weighed {{convert|3|t|LT|abbr=on}} and fired a {{convert|24|kg|lb|abbr=on}} projectile at {{convert|800|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}}.{{sfn|Campbell|2002|page=392}} [[Anti-aircraft warfare|Air defence]] consisted six {{convert|25|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} M/40 [[autocannon]]s in three twin mounts, also provided by Bofors. Two triple rotating [[torpedo tube]] mounts for {{convert|53|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo]]es were aft of the superstructure and two [[depth charge]] throwers were carried further towards the stern. Approximately forty [[Naval mine|mines]] could also be carried for minelaying.{{sfn|Borgenstam|Insulander|Kaudern|1989|page=49}} The ship had a [[Ship's company|complement]] of 135 officers and [[Naval rating|ratings]].{{sfn|Gardiner|Chesneau|1980|page=372}}
==Construction and career==
''Malmö'' was [[keel laying|laid down]] by [[Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstad]] in [[Gothenburg]], [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 22 September 1938 and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 15 August the following year.{{sfn|von Hofsten|Waernberg|2003|page=158}} Named after the [[Malmö|city]], the ship was allocated the [[pennant number]] J7 and joined the [[Coastal Fleet]].{{sfn|Holmqvist|1972|page=198}} During the [[World War II|Second World War]], ''Malmö'' was involved in patrolling Swedish waters to protect [[Swedish neutrality]].{{sfn|Lagvall|1991|page=70}} The vessel also provided escort to merchant ships travelling in Swedish waters and, during October 1941, was involved in the evacuation of [[Gotland]] to [[Nynäshamn]].{{sfn|Norin|1961|page=8}}{{sfn|Wangel|1982|page=373}}
At the end of the war, ''Malmö'' remained in service for another five years until, between 1950 and 1951, being given a substantial modernisation. The hull was rebuilt with a beam extended to {{convert|81|m|ftin|abbr=on}} and displacement increased to {{convert|1200|t|LT|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Gardiner|Chesneau|1980|page=372}}{{sfn|Blackman|1961|page=215}} The bridge was enlarged and better [[Fire-control system|fire control]] was fitted, along with a tripod with [[radar]] to replace the pole mast.{{sfn|Palmsteirna|1972|page=66}} The armament was updated. The central gun was moved aft to a superfiring position. This greatly enhanced the operational capability as the funnels had restricted fire. The anti-aircraft guns were replaced with four single [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70|Bofors {{convert|40|mm|in|abbr=on}}]] L/70 guns.{{sfn|von Hofsten|Waernberg|2003|page=158}}
''Malmö'' was rerated a [[frigate]] on 1 January 1961 along with the rest of the class. The ship was taken out of service and once again upgraded. The central gun and the torpedo tubes were replaced by two [[Squid (weapon)|Squid anti-submarine mortar]]s and four more single Bofors {{convert|40|mm|in|abbr=on}} L/70 guns were mounted around the aft funnel.{{sfn|Palmsteirna|1972|page=73}} The frigate reentered service in 1962 and was used in an [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] role with the pennant number F78.{{sfn|Blackman|1961|page=215}} During the 1960s, the Swedish Navy decided to retire the larger frigates in the fleet as newer missile-equipped [[fast attack craft]] became the mainstay of the surface fleet.{{sfn|Chant|1984|page=33}} ''Malmö'' was decommissioned on 1 February 1965 and subsequently [[Ship breaking|broken up]].{{sfn|Whitley|2000|page=249}}
==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
* {{cite book | last=Blackman	 | first1=Raymond B.V. | title=Jane's Fighting Ships | location=London | publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd  | year=1960 | oclc=946722815 | url=https://archive.org/details/janesfightingships196061_20190}}
* {{cite book | last=Blackman	 | first1=Raymond B.V. | title=Jane's Fighting Ships | location=London | publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd  | year=1961 | oclc=946722815}}
* {{cite book | last1=Borgenstam | first1=Curt | last2=Insulander | first2=Per | last3=Kaudern | first3=Gösta | title=Jagare: med Svenska flottans jagare under 80 år | trans-title=Destroyer: 80 years of Destroyers in the Swedish Navy | location=Västra Frölunda | publisher=Marinlitteratur | year=1989 | isbn= 978-9-19707-004-1 |id={{LIBRIS|7792227}} | language=SV}}
* {{cite book | last=Campbell | first=John | title=Naval Weapons of World War Two | location=Annapolis | publisher=Naval Institute Press | year=2002 | isbn= 978-0-87021-459-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Chant | first=Christopher | title=Naval Forces of the World | location=Secaucus, NJ | publisher=Chartwell Books | year=1984 | isbn=978-0-89009-626-0}}
* {{cite book | editor-last1=Gardiner | editor-first1=Robert | editor-last2=Chesneau | editor-first2=Roger | name-list-style=amp | title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946 | location=London | publisher=Conway Maritime Press | year=1980 | isbn=978-0-85177-146-5}}
* {{cite book | last=Holmqvist | first=Åke | title=Flottans Beredskap 1938–1940 | trans-title=Navy Readiness 1938–1940 | location=Malmö | publisher=Allmänna Förlaget | year=1972 | oclc= 462115352 |language=SV}}
* {{cite book | last=Lagvall | first=Bertil | title=Flottans Neutralitetsvakt 1939–1945 | trans-title=Fleet Neutrality Guard 1939–1945 | location=Karlskrona | publisher=Marinlitteraturföreningen | year=1991 | isbn= 978-9-18594-404-0 |language=SV  |id={{LIBRIS|7753511}} }}
* {{cite journal | last=Norin | first=Ulf | date=8 May 1961 | title=HMS MALMÖ till sjöss igen | trans-title=HMS Malmö at Sea Again | journal=Marin-nytt | volume=3 | page=8–9 | language=SV}}
* {{cite magazine | last=Palmsteirna | first=C. | title=Swedish Torpedo Boats & Destroyers: Part II - Destroyers | magazine=[[Warship International]] | date=31 March 1972 | volume=IX | issue=1 | pages=59–77 }}
* {{cite book | last1=von Hofsten | first1=Gustav | last2=Waernberg | first2=Jan | name-list-style=amp | title=Örlogsfartyg: Svenska maskindrivna fartyg under tretungad flagg | trans-title=Warships: Swedish Steam Ships under the Flag of Three Crowns | location=Karlskrona | publisher=Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek | year=2003 | isbn=978-9-19740-154-8 | language=SV}}
* {{cite book | last=Wangel | first=Carl-Axel |  title=Sveriges Militära Beredskap 1939–1945 | trans-title=Sweden's Military Preparedness 1939–1945 | location=Stockholm | publisher=Militärhistor. Förl | year=1982 | isbn=978-9-18526-620-3 | language=SV}}
*{{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia |year=2000| publisher=Cassell & Co.|location=London|isbn=1-85409-521-8|author-link=Michael J. Whitley}}
{{Göteborg class destroyer}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malmö (J7)}}
[[Category:1940 ships]]
[[Category:Destroyers of the Swedish Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built in Gothenburg]]
[[Category:World War II naval ships of Sweden]]