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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox Kibbutz
| name        = HaOn
| hebname     = {{Script/Hebrew|הָאוֹן}}
| image       = File:Haon 045a.jpg
| imgsize     = 250
| founded     = 1949
| founded_by  = [[Polish Jews]]<br />Hungarian [[Habonim Dror|Habonim]] Members
| country     = {{ISR}} (Claimed by {{SYR}} as Syrian territory [[Israeli-occupied territories|occupied by Israel]])
| region = [[Quneitra Governorate|Quneitra]] of Syria
| district    = north
| council     = [[Emek HaYarden Regional Council|Emek HaYarden]]
| affiliation = [[Kibbutz Movement]]
| popyear     = {{Israel populations|Year}}
| population  = {{Israel populations|Haon}}
| population_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}}
| pushpin_map = Israel northeast#Israel|pushpin_mapsize=250
| coordinates = {{coord|32|43|29|N|35|37|19|E|display=inline,title}}
| website=
}}
'''HaOn''' ({{langx|he|הָאוֹן}}, lit. "The Power") is a kibbutz on the shore of the [[Sea of Galilee]] in northern [[Israel]]. Located at the foot of the [[Golan Heights]] about a twenty-minute drive from the city of [[Tiberias]], it is part of [[Emek HaYarden Regional Council]]. HaOn formerly operated as a kibbutz belonging to the [[United Kibbutz Movement]]. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Haon}}.{{Israel populations|reference}}
==History==
[[File:Ein Gev - Al Samra - Al Hamma Demilitarized Zone.png|thumb|left|Ein Gev - Al Samra - Al Hamma Demilitarized Zone, per the [[Israel–Syria Mixed Armistice Commission]]. HaOn was founded in the DMZ, on the ruins of [[Al-Samra]].]]
The community was established in August 1949 as [[Nahal]] outpost near [[Ein Gev]] and moved to the permanent location on the land of the depopulated Palestinian village of [[Al-Samra|As-Samra]] in October of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/dav/1949/09/13/01/page/1|title=⁨דבר⁩ &#124; עמוד 1 &#124; 13 ספטמבר 1949 &#124; אוסף העיתונות &#124; הספרייה הלאומית|website=www.nli.org.il|access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref> The founders of the kibbutz were 120 members of two groups: the Nacham group of [[Polish Jews|Polish]] immigrants who arrived in [[Eretz Israel]] in 1947 and underwent training in [[Kvutzat Kinneret]] and a group of immigrants from the [[Habonim Dror|Habonim]] movement in [[Jews in Hungary|Hungary]] who immigrated through camps in [[Cyprus]] and were trained in [[Kfar Giladi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/dav/1949/09/04/01/page/2|title=⁨דבר⁩ &#124; עמוד 2 &#124; 4 ספטמבר 1949 &#124; אוסף העיתונות &#124; הספרייה הלאומית|website=www.nli.org.il|access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref> A Turkish youth group joined the kibbutz three months after their [[aliya]].{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}{{when|date=May 2020}}
Over the years until the 1967 [[Six-Day War]], the kibbutz had many confrontations with Syrians across the border, mainly in the period from 1965 to 1967. Among other things, Syrian shepherds crossed the border and grazed with their flocks in the kibbutz fields,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/dav/1955/09/21/01/page/6|title=⁨דבר⁩ &#124; עמוד 6 &#124; 21 ספטמבר 1955 &#124; אוסף העיתונות &#124; הספרייה הלאומית|website=www.nli.org.il|access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/mar/1967/04/11/01/page/1|title=⁨מעריב⁩ &#124; עמוד 1 &#124; 11 אפריל 1967 &#124; אוסף העיתונות &#124; הספרייה הלאומית|website=www.nli.org.il|access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref> and the kibbutz members were frequently fired upon from the Syrian posts in the Golan Heights, while cultivating their fields.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jpress.org.il/Olive/Resolver/NLI.ashx?From=Archive&Skin=TAUHe&BaseHref=DAV/1953/12/08&EntityId=Ar00111&ViewMode=HTML|title = ⁨דבר⁩ &#124; 8 December 1953 &#124; Newspapers &#124; the National Library of Israel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_Heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?parm=iejHnzpN6aQynKhH3CXszgnwCEsoBxgRVrLty8DQQH1H0ULV9SLhkkBPsV0HlAQPYw%3D%3D&mode=image&href=DAV%2f1955%2f12%2f15&page=1&rtl=true |title = ⁨דבר⁩ {{!}} עמוד 1 {{!}} 15 דצמבר 1955 {{!}} אוסף העיתונות {{!}} הספרייה הלאומית}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_Heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?parm=8jX7rOSTurC%2BXws4EHLQQhzAs%2B%2BaHMbI6qABnOQZcyrPhNpjinXdqkEY5ZX6EcqVYw%3D%3D&mode=image&href=DAV%2f1963%2f08%2f14&page=1&rtl=true |title = ⁨דבר⁩ {{!}} עמוד 1 {{!}} 14 אוגוסט 1963 {{!}} אוסף העיתונות {{!}} הספרייה הלאומית}}</ref> A number of machine operators received the decoration of courage for operating tractors and bulldozers, most of them not armoured, in order to cultivate land and carry out engineering work in the sector of fire, under heavy fire and artillery shelling on the Syrian side.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gvura.org/a4180-%d7%a8%d7%91-%d7%98-%d7%97%d7%99%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a7%d7%95%d7%91%d7%99|title=רב"ט חיים קובי|website=www.gvura.org|access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gvura.org/a4178-%d7%a8%d7%91-%d7%98-%d7%a4%d7%a0%d7%97%d7%a1-%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%91%d7%93%d7%94|title=רב"ט פנחס פרבדה|website=www.gvura.org|access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gvura.org/a4174-%d7%98%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%90%d7%99-%d7%a4%d7%90%d7%95%d7%9c-%d7%a1%d7%91%d7%97|title=טוראי פאול סבח|website=www.gvura.org|access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref>
Due to the fact it was situated in the [[Israel–Syria Mixed Armistice Commission#DMZ and border incidents|Israel–Syria demilitarised zone]] under the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], HaOn was claimed by Syria as its territory during negotiations for a peace agreement in the 1990s. The Israeli government rejected the claims, as it would have led to Syria having territory west of the 1923 border between [[Mandatory Palestine]] and the [[French Mandate of Syria]].
Until July 2007 HaOn operated as a [[kibbutz]], but debts of 50 million [[New Israeli Shekel|NIS]] meant that it had to sell its businesses and return land to state ownership.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/news/indebted-kibbutz-ha-on-to-become-semi-cooperative-moshav-1.224888 Indebted Kibbutz Ha'On to become semi-cooperative moshav] Haaretz, 5 July 2007</ref>
==Turkish pilots memorial==
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 42193 Turkish pilots memorial near Haon.jpg|thumb|1914 Ottoman memorial for the two killed pilots]]
In the village fields stands a memorial to two Turkish pilots who crashed at the location on 8 February 1914. Two planes of the fledgling [[Ottoman Air Force]] took off from Istanbul on a flight to [[Jerusalem]] to deliver the first Ottoman air mail, but never reached their destination. The memorial was rediscovered, restored and tended to by Yerach Paran, a member of HaOn who investigated the story, planted trees at the site and hosted the commander of the [[Turkish Air Force]].<ref>[http://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2014/03/17/letter-kibbutz-haon-fallen-flyers/ Letter from Kibbutz Ha'On: Fallen Flyers] Hadassah Magazine, 17 March 2014</ref> Paran (1938–2020) was a military historian and founder of EITAN, the [[Israel Defense Forces|army's]] "Unit for Detecting Missing Soldiers".<ref name=Markers>{{cite news |last= Gilad |first= Moshe |title= In Search of the Markers That Once Outlined the Mideast | newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |date= 13 September 2019 |url= https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-in-search-of-the-markers-that-once-outlined-the-mideast-1.7834853 |access-date= 7 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=IAF>{{cite news |author=Yuval Shoham |author2=Jonathan Mor |author3=Nikolai Avrutov |title= Leave no stone unturned |publisher= Israeli Air Force |newspaper= IAF Magazine |url= https://www.iaf.org.il/5642-35647-en/IAF.aspx |access-date= 7 March 2021}}</ref>
==Economy==
HaOn runs a spa facing the Sea of Galilee.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/29/travel/29journeys.html?_r=0 Massage, Not Work, on the Kibbutz in Israel], New York Times, 29 June 2008</ref>
In Kibbutz Haon there was a large [[ostrich]] farm in Israel with more than 5000 ostriches, for commercial and tourist purposes. The farm still exists,{{when|date=May 2020}} but only for tourist purposes.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} The kibbutz also had banana fields, a date grove and fish farm, all of which were harvested and for commercial sale. On the south side of the kibbutz was a modest vacation resort with a small club and beach access to the lake.
In the years 1995, 1998 and 1999, the [[Jacob's Ladder (music festival)]] took place{{where|date=May 2020}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jlfestival.com/history/|title=History|access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Aviation Martyrs' Monument]], the memorial dedicated to the fallen officers of the same 1914 expedition, but this time in Istanbul
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Emek HaYarden Regional Council}}
{{Quneitra Governorate}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haon}}
[[Category:Moshavim]]
[[Category:Former kibbutzim]]
[[Category:Nahal settlements]]
[[Category:Populated places in Northern District (Israel)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1949]]
[[Category:1949 establishments in Israel]]