View source for Hackles

{{Short description|Erectile plumage or hair in the neck}}
{{About|erectile plumage or hair in the neck area|other uses|Hackle (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Rooster-475790.jpg|thumb|Yellow hackles on the neck area of a rooster]]
'''Hackles''' are the erectile [[plumage]] or hair in the neck area of some birds and mammals.
In birds, the hackle is the group of feathers found along the back and side of the neck.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Damerow|first1=Gail|author-link=Gail Damerow|title=The Chicken Encyclopedia: An Illustrated Reference|date=2012|publisher=Storey Publishing|isbn=9781603427760|page=137}}</ref> The hackles of some types of [[chicken]], particularly [[rooster]]s, are long, fine, and often brightly coloured.<ref name="Damerow 2010">{{cite book|last1=Damerow|first1=Gail|author-link=Gail Damerow|title=Guide to Raising|date=2010|publisher=Storey Publishing|isbn=9781603424691|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781603424691/page/20 20]|chapter=Chapter 1: Choosing a breed|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781603424691/page/20}}</ref> These hackles may be used in [[fly fishing]] as [[Artificial fly|lure]]s.<ref name="Damerow 2010"/>
[[File:Expression of the Emotions Figure 5.png|thumb|Drawing of a dog with raised hackles]]
In mammals, the hackles are the hairs of the neck and back which become erect when the animal is fearful, as part of the [[fight-or-flight response]],<ref name=Hudson>{{cite book|last1=Hudson|first1=Lola|last2=Hamilton|first2=William|title=Atlas of Feline Anatomy For Veterinarians|date=2017|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781351465311|page=<!-- no page numbers in e-book -->|chapter=Arrector pili muscles}}</ref> or to show dominance over subordinate animals. Raising the hackles causes the animal to appear larger,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dallas|first1=Sue|last2=Ackerman|first2=Nicola|editor1-last=Ackerman|editor1-first=Nicola|editor2-last=Aspinall|editor2-first=Victoria|title=Aspinall's Complete Textbook of Veterinary Nursing|date=2016|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780702066092|page=111|chapter=Chapter 6. Canine and feline anatomy and physiology}}</ref> and acts as a visual warning to other animals.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Svartberg|first1=Kenth|last2=Forkman|first2=Björn|title=Personality traits in the domestic dog (''Canis familiaris'')|journal=Applied Animal Behaviour Science|date=October 20, 2002|volume=79|issue=2|pages=133–155|doi=10.1016/s0168-1591(02)00121-1|url=http://wayosi.no/images/Filer/Personality_in_dogs.pdf}}</ref> Raised hackles are used by [[Gray wolf|grey wolves]] as a dominance behavior,<ref name="Serpell">{{cite book|editor=James Serpell|others=pencil drawings by Priscilla Barrett|title=The domestic dog : its evolution, behaviour, and interactions with people|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=9780521425377|page=[https://archive.org/details/domesticdogitsev00serp/page/118 118]|edition=Repr.|url=https://archive.org/details/domesticdogitsev00serp/page/118}}</ref> by moose preparing to attack,<ref>{{Citation|last=Colorado Parks and Wildlife|title=Moose Attacks Are Increasing|date=2018-10-15|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6Qj9K_eJJE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/q6Qj9K_eJJE |archive-date=2021-12-20 |url-status=live|access-date=2018-10-24}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and by cats and [[striped hyena]] which are fearful or threatened.<ref name="Hudson" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Estes|first1=Richard D.|title=The Safari Companion: A Guide to Watching African Mammals Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, and Primates|date=1999|publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing|isbn=9781603581851|page=286}}</ref> The process by which the hair is raised is called [[piloerection]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Taibo|first1=Angela|title=Veterinary Medical Terminology: Guide and Workbook|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118774670|page=<!-- no page numbers in e-book -->|chapter=Chapter 11: The integumentary system}}</ref> The contraction of the [[arrector pili muscle]] associated with each [[hair follicle]] causes the hair to become erect.<ref name=Hudson/>
== See also ==
* {{Portal inline|Animals}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{Wiktionary inline|hackle}}
[[Category:Animal hair]]
[[Category:Feathers]]