View source for Hakata-ku, Fukuoka

{{Redirect|Hakata}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Hakata
| official_name           = Hakata Ward
| native_name             = {{nobold|博多区}}
| native_name_lang        = ja
| settlement_type         = [[Wards of Japan|Ward]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = Hakata Port 01.jpg
| imagesize               =
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = Hakata Port
| image_flag              =
| flag_alt                =
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| seal_alt                =
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| motto                   =
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| image_map               = Fukuoka City hakata-ward.png
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = <small>Location of Hakata-ku in [[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]]</small>
| pushpin_map             = Japan
| pushpin_label_position  = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption     = &nbsp;
| coordinates             = {{coord|33|35|29|N|130|24|53|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates_footnotes   = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Japan]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Kyushu]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Fukuoka Prefecture]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Cities of Japan|City]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Fukuoka]]
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| established_title       = <!-- Settled -->
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| leader_title1           =
| leader_name1            = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 -->
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| total_type              = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref               = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
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| area_magnitude          = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_footnotes          = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_total_km2          = 31.47
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| elevation_footnotes     = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
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| population_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total        = 228,000
| population_as_of        = March 1, 2016
| population_density_km2  = 7200
| population_est          =
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| population_demonym      = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool -->
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| timezone1               = [[Japan Standard Time]]
| utc_offset1             = +9
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| utc_offset1_DST         =
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| blank_name_sec1         = City Symbols
| blank1_name_sec1        = - Tree
| blank1_info_sec1        =
| blank2_name_sec1        = - Flower
| blank2_info_sec1        =
| blank3_name_sec1        = - Bird
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| blank_name_sec2         = Phone&nbsp;number
| blank_info_sec2         = 092-441-2131
| blank1_name_sec2        = Address
| blank1_info_sec2        = 2-9-3 Hakata Ekimae, Hakata-ku Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken 812-8512
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 =
| footnotes               =
}}
{{nihongo|'''Hakata-ku'''|博多区}} is a [[wards of Japan|ward]] of the city of [[Fukuoka]] in [[Fukuoka Prefecture]], Japan.
Many of Fukuoka Prefecture and Fukuoka City's principal government, commercial, retail and entertainment establishments are located in the district. Hakata-ku is also the location of Fukuoka's main train station, [[Hakata Station]], [[Fukuoka Airport]] and the Hakata Port international passenger ship terminal.
==Geography==
Hakata-ku is a ward of Fukuoka City located on its eastern edge. It is 31.47&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> with a population of 206,629 (current January 1, 2009). Much of the ward consists of low-lying plains beside the {{nihongo|Mikasa River|御笠川|Mikasagawa}}. The northwestern end of the ward faces [[Hakata Bay]], which includes both [[ferry]] and international cruise ship terminals {{nihongo|Hakata Harbor|博多港|Hakata kō}}. The northeast end of the ward is slightly elevated, and is named {{nihongo|Higashihirao|東平尾}}, with nearby [[Fukuoka Airport]]. Around [[Hakata Station]] is [[downtown]]; {{nihongo|[[Nakasu]]|中洲}} is the main dining and entertainment district of the ward along the {{nihongo|Naka River|那珂川|Nakagawa}}. Hakata-ku also houses the Fukuoka Prefectural office.
== Economy ==
Many Japanese companies have established branch offices in Hakata-ku due to its ease of access to local government offices as well transportation hubs such as Hakata Station and Fukuoka Airport. The headquarters of [[Kyushu Railway Company|JR Kyūshū]],<ref>"[http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/summary.html Corporate Summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209080639/http://www.jrkyushu.co.jp/english/summary.html |date=2009-12-09 }}." Kyushu Railway Company. Retrieved on March 27, 2010.</ref> [[Best Denki]],{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}} and many other companies are in the ward.<ref>[http://www.b-mall.ne.jp/fukuoka/companysearch_area40132.aspx?kana=4&ci=10000 企業検索－福岡商工会議所]</ref>
[[Air Next]], a subsidiary of [[All Nippon Airways]], is headquartered on the grounds of [[Fukuoka Airport]] in Hakata-ku.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041207152108/http://www.airnext.ana-g.com/company/index.html 会社概要] . ''[[Air Next]]''. Retrieved on May 20, 2009.</ref> [[Link Airs]] has its headquarters in the Fukuoka Gion Daiichi Seimei Building (福岡祇園第一生命ビル ''Fukuoka Gion Daiichi Seimei Biru'') in Hakata-ku.<ref>"[http://linkairs.jp/corporate.html 会社概要] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010074442/http://linkairs.jp/corporate.html |date=2013-10-10 }}." Link Airs. Retrieved on 5 November 2013. "福岡県福岡市博多区冷泉町5番35 福岡祇園第一生命ビル5F" ("Fukuoka Gion Daiichi Seimei Building 5F, 5-35 Reisenmachi, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-0039 Japan")</ref> [[Cisco]] has an Asia-Pacific sales office on the 12th floor of the Fukuoka Gion Daiichi Seimei Building.<ref>"[http://www.cisco.com/web/siteassets/contacts/offices/asiapac.html Asia/Pacific Sales Offices]." [[Cisco]]. Retrieved on November 6, 2013. "Cisco Systems G.K Fukuoka Fukuoka Gion Daiichi Seimei Building 12th floor, 5-35 Reisencho Hakata-ku, Fukuoka-shi Fukuoka 812-0039 Japan"</ref>
Prior to its dissolution, [[Harlequin Air]] was headquartered on the grounds of the airport in Hakata-ku.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041027012833/http://harlequin-air.co.jp/menu/corporate/corporate_1.html 会社概要]. ''[[Harlequin Air]]''. Retrieved on May 20, 2009.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/19981207015833/http://www.harlequin-air.co.jp/j.html ハーレクィンエア会社概要]." Harlequin Air. December 7, 1998. Retrieved on February 22, 2010.</ref>
Hakata's economy was significantly transformed in 1996 with the opening of [[Canal City Hakata]], an award-winning destination shopping and entertainment center.
===Cruise ship tourism===
From the early 2010s Hakata became the beneficiary of significant growth in cruise ship tourism; particularly with visitors from China.
In 2014, 91 cruise ships travelled from China called at Hakata.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Leo|title=Chinese influx buoys Japan port city of Fukuoka|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/60ae0818-26f0-11e5-bd83-71cb60e8f08c.html#axzz42pSA2v7b|access-date=14 March 2016|publisher=Financial Times|date=14 July 2015}}</ref> In 2015, 245 cruise ship calls were made at Hakata Port. After expansion and redevelopment of the port facilities, the number of cruise ship port calls in 2016 is expected to exceed 400.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cruise ships with Chinese tourists pour into Japan|url=http://www.japantoday.com/category/lifestyle/view/cruise-ships-with-chinese-tourists-pour-into-japan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312093050/http://www.japantoday.com/category/lifestyle/view/cruise-ships-with-chinese-tourists-pour-into-japan|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 March 2016|agency=Kyodo|publisher=Japan Today|date=12 March 2016}}</ref> As of 2015, the largest passenger vessel making regular port calls at Hakata is [[Royal Caribbean International]]'s ''[[MS Quantum of the Seas]]''.
Partly as a result of growing international tourism, in 2015 Fukuoka reported the fastest rising tax revenues and population in Japan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Leo|title=Chinese influx buoys Japan port city of Fukuoka|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/60ae0818-26f0-11e5-bd83-71cb60e8f08c.html#axzz42pSA2v7b|access-date=14 March 2016|publisher=Financial Times|date=14 July 2015}}</ref>
== History ==
Hakata is one of the oldest cities in Japan. In the Middle Ages Hakata, which faces onto the Genkai-Nada Channel (玄界灘) dividing Japan from Korea, was a base for merchants who traded with China and Korea, and the city housed Japan's first Chinatown. [[Taira no Kiyomori]] is said to have built the artificial harbor Sode-no-minato (袖の湊) to increase commerce. Hakata was burned down by many wars, including the [[Mongol invasions of Japan|Mongol invasions]].
[[File:Fukuoka and Hakata.png|thumb|Fukuoka and Hakata, c.1640]]
In the early [[Edo period]], [[Kuroda Nagamasa]], appointed the lord of [[Chikuzen Province]], and most of his [[samurai]] vassals lived in Fukusaki, on the opposite shore of the Naka River from Hakata. Kuroda Nagamasa changed the name of the area to Fukuoka after his home town; Fukuoka in Okayama Prefecture. He ordered Tachibana Castle and Najima Castle dismantled, and had [[Fukuoka Castle]] built using the stones from those older castles. At that time Hakata was no larger than one square kilometer, demarcated by defensive lines along the Naka River, the Boshu-bori (or Boshu Canal), and the Ishido or Mikasa River.
In 1876, Hakata, then also known as Dai-Ni-Dai-ku, and Fukuoka, or Dai-Ichi-Dai-ku, were merged. In 1878 the settlement was renamed Fukuoka-ku (福岡区) by the Fukuoka prefectural government, though the population of Hakata was 25,677 and that of Fukuoka was 20,410. At that time, the name Hakata vanished from the administration. In 1889, after a local referendum in which half the voters chose the name Fukuoka and half chose Hakata, the city was officially renamed Fukuoka-shi, but at the same time a new train station then being built was named Hakata Station.
An imperial decree issued in July 1899 established Hakata as an open port for trade with the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>US Department of State. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dKCOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA759&dq=  ''A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements'' (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759].</ref>
In 1972, when Fukuoka City was granted [[City designated by government ordinance|designated status by government ordinance]], a ward including the old Hakata area was given the name Hakata-ku.
In 2016 a large [[sinkhole]] appeared in the city center just west of Hakata station.<ref>[http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003335321 Large sinkhole opens up near Hakata Station]</ref> The sinkhole was filled and the affected roads were completely repaired within a few days. However, the hasty repair seems to have been problematic as less than a month later the road began showing signs of imminent implosion.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/28/asia/japan-sinkhole-fukuoka/index.html Japan's giant sinkhole is sinking again]</ref>
== Culture ==
[[File:KurodaBushi.jpg|thumb|[[Hakata ningyō]]]]
[[File:Matsubayashi02.jpg|thumb|[[Hakata Dontaku]].]]
Hakata was the traditional center for the manufacture of [[Hakata ningyō]], which are [[Japanese traditional dolls|traditional Japanese dolls]] that are famous throughout Japan. Today, almost all Hakata ningyō makers (''Hakata ningyō shi'') have their factories in the Old Hakata Area, a part of modern Hakata-ku.
[[Hakata-ori]] is a [[textile]] used for [[Obi (sash)|obi]] of [[kimono]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hakataori.or.jp/us/index.html |title=Hakata Ori website (English) |access-date=2009-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616101243/http://www.hakataori.or.jp/us/index.html |archive-date=2009-06-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
It is also the home of [[Mentai Rock]], named after the popular [[mentaiko]] dish served in the region,<ref name=martin>{{Cite book| last = Martin | first = Ian F. | title = Quit Your Band: Musical Notes From the Japanese Underground | publisher = Awai Books | year = 2016 | page = 51 | isbn = 978-1-937220-05-1}}</ref> that spawned numerous J-pop idols during the early 1980s. Neo Mentai Rock is the name given to a recent renewal in activity from local musicians.
[[Hakata dialect|Hakata-ben]] is the local Japanese [[dialect]] spoken in the Old Hakata Area.
Hakata is also the location of the pop group [[HKT48]].
Other popular groups from Hakata are [[Kanikapila]] and [[Number Girl|NUMBER GIRL]].
Parts of the famous crime novel 'Points and lines' ('Ten to Sen' in Japanese) by the award-winning Japanese writer [[Seichō Matsumoto]] occur in Hakata and its train station.
The South Korean government maintains the Korea Education Institution ({{langx|ko|후쿠오카 한국교육원}}; {{langx|ja|福岡韓国教育院}}) in Hakata-ku.<ref>{{cite web|title=Home|url=http://fukuoka.kankoku.or.kr/smain.html|access-date=2020-05-16|publisher=Korea Education Institution|quote=1-1, Narayamachi, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, 812-0023, JAPAN}}</ref>
=== Famous foods ===
* [[Mentaiko]]
* [[Tonkotsu]] (pork bone) [[ramen]], also called simply Hakata ramen
* [[Motsunabe]]
* [[Japanese cheesecake]]
* Mizutaki - [[Nabemono]] of [[chicken]]
* Hakata Torimon ([[:ja:博多通りもん]]) - a type of cake
* Hakata no Hito - a type of cake
[[File:Nakasu-yatai.JPG|thumb|Food Yatai in Nakasu area]]
*[[Tsukemen]] (dipping noodles)
=== Festivals ===
*[[Hakata Dontaku|Hakata Dontaku Minato Matsuri]] - May 3 and 4
*Hakata Gion Yamakasa - from July 1 to 15
*Hakata O-kunchi - October 23 and 24 (prior to 1953, November 23)
== Transportation ==
=== Rail ===
*[[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]]
**[[Sanyō Shinkansen]]
***[[Hakata Station]]
*JR Kyūshū
**[[Kyūshū Shinkansen]]
***Hakata Station
**[[Kagoshima Main Line]]
***[[Yoshizuka Station]] - Hakata Station - [[Takeshita Station]] - [[Minami-Fukuoka Station]]
**[[Sasaguri Line]]
***Yoshizuka Station
*[[Nishi-Nippon Railroad]]
**[[Tenjin Ōmuta Line]]
***[[Zasshonokuma Station]]
*[[Fukuoka City Subway]]
**[[Kūkō Line (Fukuoka City Subway)|Kūkō Line]]
***[[Nakasu-Kawabata Station]] - [[Gion Station (Fukuoka)|Gion Station]] - Hakata Station - [[Higashi-Hie Station]] - [[Fukuokakūkō Station]] (Fukuoka Airport)
**[[Hakozaki Line]]
***Nakasu-Kawabata Station - [[Gofukumachi Station (Fukuoka)|Gofukumachi Station]] - [[Chiyo-Kenchōguchi Station]]
=== Bus ===
*Hakata [[bus terminus]] (see [[Nishitetsu]])
=== Airport ===
*[[Fukuoka Airport]]
=== Harbor ===
*Bayside place Hakata Futoh (Hakata Pier)
*Chūō Wharf (Central Wharf) - international ferry [[Beetle (JR Kyushu)|Beetle]] and [[Kobee]] and New Camellia
== Facilities ==
=== Commerce ===
*[[Canal City Hakata]]
**Grand [[Hyatt]] Fukuoka
*Hakata Riverain
**[[Hakata-za]]
**[[Okura Hotels|Hotel Ōkura Fukuoka]]
=== Culture ===
*[[Level-5 stadium]] (Hakata no mori Stadium)
*[[Fukuoka Convention Center]] - Marine Messe Fukuoka, Fukuoka International Congress Center, Fukuoka Kokusai Center
*Hakata Civic Center, Hakata Library
*Hakata South Library
*[[Nakasu]]
*[[Rakusui-en]]
=== Religion ===
*[[Shinto]]
**[[Kushida-jinja (Fukuoka)|Kushida Shrine]]
**[[Sumiyoshi-jinja|Sumiyoshi Shrine]]
**Tōka Ebisu Shrine
*[[Buddhism]]
**[[Shōfuku-ji (Fukuoka)|Shōfuku Temple]]
**[[Tōchō-ji|Tōchō Temple]]
**[[Jōten-ji|Jōten Temple]]
**[[Sōfuku-ji (Fukuoka)|Sōfuku Temple]]
*[[Christianity]]
**Fukuoka [[Korean churches|Korean Christian Church]], Chiyo
**[https://www.hakata-newlife.org/ Hakata New Life Church]
**Hikarigaoka (Hill of light) [[Catholic]] Church [https://web.archive.org/web/20010824102948/http://www.omijapankorea.net/en/history/history2.html]
**Minoshima Catholic Pastoral Center
**Japan [[Evangelical]] [[Lutheran]] church, Sasaki machi
**Japan [[Baptist]] Church, Aoki
** North Kyushu [[Japanese Orthodox Church]], Higashi-hirao
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Portal|Japan}}
{{Fukuoka}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hakata-Ku, Fukuoka}}
[[Category:Wards of Fukuoka]]