View source for Haplogroup C-F3393

{{Short description|Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup}}
{{Infobox haplogroup
| name =C1 F3393
| origin-date = about 49,200 years ago<ref>[https://www.yfull.com/tree/C-F3393/ C-F3393 tree], Yfull</ref>
| origin-place =[[West Asia]]<ref>崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』（勉誠出版　2009年）(in Japanese)</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/s00439-020-02204-9|title=A Southeast Asian origin for present-day non-African human y chromosomes|year=2021|last1=Hallast|first1=Pille|last2=Agdzhoyan|first2=Anastasia|last3=Balanovsky|first3=Oleg|last4=Xue|first4=Yali|last5=Tyler-Smith|first5=Chris|journal=Human Genetics|volume=140|issue=2|pages=299–307|pmid=32666166|pmc=7864842}}</ref>
| ancestor = [[Haplogroup C-M130 (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup C]]
| descendants =C1a CTS11043 ([[Haplogroup C-M8|C1a1]]  M8; [[Haplogroup C-V20|C1a2]] (previously C6) V20)<br />C1b1a B66/Z16458; C1b1a1  M356 (previously C5)<br />[[Haplogroup C-B477|C1b2]] C-B477 (C1b2a M38 (previously C2); C1b2a1a P33; C1b2b (previously C4) M347)
| mutations =F3393
| members =
}}
'''Haplogroup C1''' also known as '''C-F3393''', is a major [[Y-chromosome]] [[haplogroup]]. It is one of two primary branches of the broader [[Haplogroup C-M130 (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup C]], the other being [[Haplogroup C-M217|C2]] (also known as C-M217; the former Haplogroup C3).
The basal [[paragroup]], C1* (C-F3393*), has not been found in samples from living or dead males.
Of the two primary branches, C1b is common in parts of [[Oceania]] and [[Asia]]. The other primary branch, C1a, is extremely rare worldwide and has been found mainly amongst individuals native to [[Japan]] or [[Europe]] and among Upper Paleolithic Europeans, with single cases known from [[Nepal]]<ref name = "Hallast2014" /> and [[Jeju Island]]<ref name = "Kim2011">Soon-Hee Kim, Ki-Cheol Kim, Dong-Jik Shin, Han-Jun Jin, Kyoung-Don Kwak, Myun-Soo Han, Joon-Myong Song, Won Kim, and Wook Kim (2011), "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup
O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea." ''Investigative Genetics'' 2011, 2:10. http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/2/1/10</ref> through academic studies and from an ethnic [[Armenians|Armenian]], an ethnic [[Kabyle people|Kabyle]], and an ethnic [[Han Chinese|Han]] from [[Linghai]] through commercial testing.
==Distribution==
[[File:Haplogroup C (Y-DNA) migration.png|thumb|300px|Migration of Haplogroup C (Y-DNA)]]
[[Subclade]]s of C1 (C-F3393) are the predominant Y-DNA haplogroups among some Indigenous Australian peoples, some [[Pacific Islander]] peoples, and a few of the ethnic groups of the [[Lesser Sunda Islands]] of Indonesia. Other subclades are found, at very low frequencies, in isolated locations throughout the [[Eurasia|Eurasian landmass]] and adjoining islands.
=== C1a (CTS11043) ===
Basal C1a* (CTS11043) was found in an Upper Paleolithic Europeans ([[Aurignacian]]s), GoyetQ116-1 and Pestera Muerii2.<ref name="urlThe genetic history of Ice Age Europe">{{cite journal |title=The genetic history of Ice Age Europe |journal = Nature|volume = 534|issue = 7606|pages = 200–205|pmc = 4943878|year = 2016|last1 = Fu|first1 = Q.|last2 = Posth|first2 = C.|last3 = Hajdinjak|first3 = M.|last4 = Petr|first4 = M.|last5 = Mallick|first5 = S.|last6 = Fernandes|first6 = D.|last7 = Furtwängler|first7 = A.|last8 = Haak|first8 = W.|last9 = Meyer|first9 = M.|last10 = Mittnik|first10 = A.|last11 = Nickel|first11 = B.|last12 = Peltzer|first12 = A.|last13 = Rohland|first13 = N.|last14 = Slon|first14 = V.|last15 = Talamo|first15 = S.|last16 = Lazaridis|first16 = I.|last17 = Lipson|first17 = M.|last18 = Mathieson|first18 = I.|last19 = Schiffels|first19 = S.|last20 = Skoglund|first20 = P.|last21 = Derevianko|first21 = A. P.|last22 = Drozdov|first22 = N.|last23 = Slavinsky|first23 = V.|last24 = Tsybankov|first24 = A.|last25 = Cremonesi|first25 = R. G.|last26 = Mallegni|first26 = F.|last27 = Gély|first27 = B.|last28 = Vacca|first28 = E.|last29 = González Morales|first29 = M. R.|last30 = Straus|first30 = L. G.|display-authors = 29|pmid = 27135931|doi = 10.1038/nature17993|bibcode = 2016Natur.534..200F}}</ref>
Among the most interesting findings of recent genetic research is that living members of C1a are also rare and distributed geographically in an extremely bifurcated pattern.
'''[[Haplogroup C-M8|C1a1]]'''  or '''C-M8''' is now found regularly only with low frequency (approximately 5% to 6% of all samples) in [[Japan]].<ref name="isogg2015">[http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpC.html ISOGG, 2015 "Y-DNA Haplogroup C and its Subclades – 2015"] (15 September 2015).</ref> It also has been found sporadically among thousands of males from Korea and hundreds of thousands of males from China who have had their Y-DNA tested.<ref name = "FTDNA">[https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/C-M105/tree Phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C-M8/C-M105] according to FamilyTreeDNA</ref><ref name = "YFull">[https://www.yfull.com/tree/C-M8/ Phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C-M8] according to YFull</ref><ref name = "23mofang">[https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/C-F3393 Phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C-F3393 according to 23mofang]</ref><ref name = "TheYtree">[https://www.theytree.com/tree/C-F3393 Phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C-F3393 according to TheYtree]</ref><ref name = "Kim2011" />
'''[[Haplogroup C-V20|C1a2]]''' (known previously as C6) or  '''C-V20''' now appears to be found only among [[Europe]]an, [[Algerian people|Algerian]], [[Turkic peoples|Turks]], [[Armenian people|Armenian]], and [[Nepal]]i males.<ref name = "Scozzari2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Scozzari R, Massaia A, D'Atanasio E, Myres NM, Perego UA, Trombetta B, Cruciani F | title = Molecular dissection of the basal clades in the human Y chromosome phylogenetic tree | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 11 | pages = e49170 |  year = 202 | pmid = 23145109 | pmc = 3492319 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0049170 | bibcode = 2012PLoSO...749170S | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name = "Hallast2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hallast P, Batini C, Zadik D, Maisano Delser P, Wetton JH, Arroyo-Pardo E, Cavalleri GL, de Knijff P, Destro Bisol G, Dupuy BM, Eriksen HA, Jorde LB, King TE, Larmuseau MH, López de Munain A, López-Parra AM, Loutradis A, Milasin J, Novelletto A, Pamjav H, Sajantila A, Schempp W, Sears M, Tolun A, Tyler-Smith C, Van Geystelen A, Watkins S, Winney B, Jobling MA | display-authors = 6 | title = The Y-chromosome tree bursts into leaf: 13,000 high-confidence SNPs covering the majority of known clades | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 32 | issue = 3 | pages = 661–73 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25468874 | pmc = 4327154 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msu327 }}</ref>
C1a2 was present in the remains in Europe by the [[Upper Paleolithic]], including the [[Vestonice cluster]] (Vestonice16) (i.e. remains found in the modern Czech Republic). It was also found in the 7,000-year-old ([[Mesolithic]]) remains of a WHG ([[Western Hunter-Gatherers]]) known as "La Braña 1", found in La Braña-Arintero, [[Province of León|León]], Spain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dienekes.blogspot.ru/2014/01/brown-skinned-blue-eyed-y-haplogroup-c.html|title = Dienekes' Anthropology Blog: Brown-skinned, blue-eyed, Y-haplogroup C-bearing European hunter-gatherer from Spain (Olalde et al. 2014)|date = 26 January 2014}}</ref> La Braña 1 was part of the so-called [[Villabruna cluster]], named after a site in northeast Italy. By the time of the Villabruna cluster, however, the dominant Y-DNA haplogroup in Western Europe was [[Haplogroup I-M438|I2]]. (And the balance was again altered by the [[mass migration]]s into Europe of Neolithic Middle Eastern farmer and Bronze Age Indo-Europeans.)<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.aal1186 |title=There's no such thing as a 'pure' European—or anyone else |journal=Science |year=2017 |last1=Gibbons |first1=Ann }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Siska V, Jones ER, Jeon S, Bhak Y, Kim HM, Cho YS, Kim H, Lee K, Veselovskaya E, Balueva T, Gallego-Llorente M, Hofreiter M, Bradley DG, Eriksson A, Pinhasi R, Bhak J, Manica A | title = Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago | journal = Science Advances | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = e1601877 | date = February 2017 | pmid = 28164156 | pmc = 5287702 | doi = 10.1126/sciadv.1601877 | bibcode = 2017SciA....3E1877S}}
*{{cite web |date=February 1, 2017 |title=Ancient DNA reveals 'genetic continuity' between Stone Age and modern populations in East Asia |website=University of Cambridge Research |url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/ancient-dna-reveals-genetic-continuity-between-stone-age-and-modern-populations-in-east-asia}}</ref> further: a male from the [[Great Hungarian Plain]], approximately contemporaneous to the La Braña man also carried it,<ref name="isogg2015"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Haak W, Lazaridis I, Patterson N, Rohland N, Mallick S, Llamas B, Brandt G, Nordenfelt S, Harney E, Stewardson K, Fu Q, Mittnik A, Bánffy E, Economou C, Francken M, Friederich S, Pena RG, Hallgren F, Khartanovich V, Khokhlov A, Kunst M, Kuznetsov P, Meller H, Mochalov O, Moiseyev V, Nicklisch N, Pichler SL, Risch R, Rojo Guerra MA, Roth C, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Wahl J, Meyer M, Krause J, Brown D, Anthony D, Cooper A, Alt KW, Reich D | display-authors = 6 | title = Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe | journal = Nature | volume = 522 | issue = 7555 | pages = 207–11 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 25731166 | pmc = 5048219 | doi = 10.1038/nature14317 | arxiv = 1502.02783 | bibcode = 2015Natur.522..207H }}</ref> as did the 30,000-year-old remains of a Vestonice Cluster hunter-gatherer from the [[Dolní Věstonice (archaeology)|Pavlov-Dolní Věstonice]] area ([[Czech Republic]]),<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fu Q, Posth C, Hajdinjak M, Petr M, Mallick S, Fernandes D, Furtwängler A, Haak W, Meyer M, Mittnik A, Nickel B, Peltzer A, Rohland N, Slon V, Talamo S, Lazaridis I, Lipson M, Mathieson I, Schiffels S, Skoglund P, Derevianko AP, Drozdov N, Slavinsky V, Tsybankov A, Cremonesi RG, Mallegni F, Gély B, Vacca E, Morales MR, Straus LG, Neugebauer-Maresch C, Teschler-Nicola M, Constantin S, Moldovan OT, Benazzi S, Peresani M, Coppola D, Lari M, Ricci S, Ronchitelli A, Valentin F, Thevenet C, Wehrberger K, Grigorescu D, Rougier H, Crevecoeur I, Flas D, Semal P, Mannino MA, Cupillard C, Bocherens H, Conard NJ, Harvati K, Moiseyev V, Drucker DG, Svoboda J, Richards MP, Caramelli D, Pinhasi R, Kelso J, Patterson N, Krause J, Pääbo S, Reich D | display-authors = 6 | title = The genetic history of Ice Age Europe | journal = Nature | volume = 534 | issue = 7606 | pages = 200–5 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 27135931 | pmc = 4943878 | doi = 10.1038/nature17993 | bibcode = 2016Natur.534..200F }}</ref> as well as a 34,000 years old Russian hunter gatherers from [[Sungir]] (Sunghir 1/2/3/4).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sikora M, Seguin-Orlando A, Sousa VC, Albrechtsen A, Korneliussen T, Ko A, Rasmussen S, Dupanloup I, Nigst PR, Bosch MD, Renaud G, Allentoft ME, Margaryan A, Vasilyev SV, Veselovskaya EV, Borutskaya SB, Deviese T, Comeskey D, Higham T, Manica A, Foley R, Meltzer DJ, Nielsen R, Excoffier L, Mirazon Lahr M, Orlando L, Willerslev E | display-authors = 6 | title = Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers | journal = Science | volume = 358 | issue = 6363 | pages = 659–662 | date = November 2017 | pmid = 28982795 | doi = 10.1126/science.aao1807 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2017Sci...358..659S }}</ref>
=== C1b (F1370) ===
Basal C1b* (F1370) has been identified in the remains of an individual known as [[Kostenki-14]] who died circa 37,000 years BP ([[Upper Paleolithic]]) that was found at the [[Kostyonki (palaeolithic site)|Kostyonki archaeological site]] in western Russia. It has also been found in a small number of males from the [[Middle East]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/haplogroupcproject/|title=Haplogroup C Project|access-date=2017-07-23|archive-date=2022-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722091311/https://sites.google.com/site/haplogroupcproject/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
'''[[Haplogroup C-B477|C1b2]] (C-B477)''' is the common ancestor of C-M38 and C-M347.
It is likely that more than 40% of [[Indigenous Australian]] males, before contact with European settlers, belonged to the subclade [[Haplogroup C-M347|C1b2b]] (C-M347) known previously as ''' C4'''.<ref name=Hudjashov2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hudjashov G, Kivisild T, Underhill PA, Endicott P, Sanchez JJ, Lin AA, Shen P, Oefner P, Renfrew C, Villems R, Forster P | title = Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 104 | issue = 21 | pages = 8726–30 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17496137 | pmc = 1885570 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0702928104 | bibcode = 2007PNAS..104.8726H | doi-access = free }}</ref> Within C-M347 at least two subclades have been identified: C1b2b1 (DYS390.1del,M210) and an as yet unresolved offshoot of the C1b2b1 paragroup (i.e. M347xDYS390.1del,M210).
C1b2a (M38), previously known as '''C2''', is virtually restricted to [[Island South East Asia]], [[New Guinea]], [[Melanesia]], and [[Polynesia]].<ref name="isogg2015"/> Of its subclades, C1b2a1a (P33) is found at a high frequency among [[Polynesians]].<ref name=Hammer2006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H, Omoto K, Harihara S, Stoneking M, Horai S | title = Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes | journal = Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 51 | issue = 1 | pages = 47–58 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16328082 | doi = 10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=Cox2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cox MP, Redd AJ, Karafet TM, Ponder CA, Lansing S, Sudoyo H, Hammer MF | title = A Polynesian motif on the Y chromosome: population structure in remote Oceania | journal = Human Biology | volume = 79 | issue = 5 | pages = 525–35 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 18478968 | doi = 10.1353/hub.2008.0004 | hdl = 1808/13585 | s2cid = 4834817 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
Some members of populations in parts of [[Asia]] have been found to carry Y-DNA that belongs to haplogroup C1b1-AM00694/K281. C1b1b-B68 has been found in a [[Dusun people|Dusun]] in [[Brunei]].<ref name = "Karmin2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Karmin M, Saag L, Vicente M, Wilson Sayres MA, Järve M, Talas UG, Rootsi S, Ilumäe AM, Mägi R, Mitt M, Pagani L, Puurand T, Faltyskova Z, Clemente F, Cardona A, Metspalu E, Sahakyan H, Yunusbayev B, Hudjashov G, DeGiorgio M, Loogväli EL, Eichstaedt C, Eelmets M, Chaubey G, Tambets K, Litvinov S, Mormina M, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Zoraqi G, Korneliussen TS, Akhatova F, Lachance J, Tishkoff S, Momynaliev K, Ricaut FX, Kusuma P, Razafindrazaka H, Pierron D, Cox MP, Sultana GN, Willerslev R, Muller C, Westaway M, Lambert D, Skaro V, Kovačevic L, Turdikulova S, Dalimova D, Khusainova R, Trofimova N, Akhmetova V, Khidiyatova I, Lichman DV, Isakova J, Pocheshkhova E, Sabitov Z, Barashkov NA, Nymadawa P, Mihailov E, Seng JW, Evseeva I, Migliano AB, Abdullah S, Andriadze G, Primorac D, Atramentova L, Utevska O, Yepiskoposyan L, Marjanovic D, Kushniarevich A, Behar DM, Gilissen C, Vissers L, Veltman JA, Balanovska E, Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Metspalu A, Fedorova S, Eriksson A, Manica A, Mendez FL, Karafet TM, Veeramah KR, Bradman N, Hammer MF, Osipova LP, Balanovsky O, Khusnutdinova EK, Johnsen K, Remm M, Thomas MG, Tyler-Smith C, Underhill PA, Willerslev E, Nielsen R, Metspalu M, Villems R, Kivisild T | display-authors = 6 | title = A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture | journal = Genome Research | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 459–66 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25770088 | pmc = 4381518 | doi = 10.1101/gr.186684.114 }}</ref> C1b1a-B66/Z16458 has three primary subclades: C1b1a1-M356, C1b1a2-B65, and C1b1a3-Z16582. C1b1a3-Z16582 has been found in some individuals from [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Iraq]]. C1b1a2-B65 comprises two subclades, C1b1a2a-B67 and C1b1a2b-F725. C1b1a2a-B67 has been found in two [[Lebbo' people]] from [[Borneo]],<ref name = "Karmin2015" /> an individual from Hadakewa on [[Lembata]],<ref name = "Karmin2022" /> and four individuals from [[Flores]] (one from Rampasasa and three from Cibal).<ref name = "Karmin2022" /> The TMRCA of C-B67 has been estimated to be 17,007 (95% CI 19,608 <-> 14,627) years before present, with the Lebbo' individuals from Borneo belonging to a branch that is basal to the rest.<ref name = "Karmin2022" /> C1b1a2b-F725 has been found in [[Han Chinese]] in [[China]] ([[Guangdong]], [[Hunan]], and [[Shaanxi]]), [[Dai people]] in [[Yunnan]], [[Murut people]] in [[Brunei]],<ref name = "Karmin2015" /> [[Malay people]] in [[Singapore]],<ref name = "Karmin2015" /> and [[Aeta people]] in the [[Philippines]].<ref name = "Karmin2015" /> C1b1a1-M356 has been found with overall low frequency in [[South Asia]], [[Central Asia]], and [[Southwest Asia]].<ref name=Gayden2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gayden T, Cadenas AM, Regueiro M, Singh NB, Zhivotovsky LA, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Herrera RJ | title = The Himalayas as a directional barrier to gene flow | journal = American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 80 | issue = 5 | pages = 884–94 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17436243 | pmc = 1852741 | doi = 10.1086/516757 }}</ref><ref name=Fornarino2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fornarino S, Pala M, Battaglia V, Maranta R, Achilli A, Modiano G, Torroni A, Semino O, Santachiara-Benerecetti SA | title = Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 9 | pages = 154 | date = July 2009 | issue = 1 | pmid = 19573232 | pmc = 2720951 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-9-154 | bibcode = 2009BMCEE...9..154F | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=Cadenas2008>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cadenas AM, Zhivotovsky LA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ | title = Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman | journal = European Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 374–86 | date = March 2008 | pmid = 17928816 | doi = 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=AbuAmero2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Abu-Amero KK, Hellani A, González AM, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, Underhill PA | title = Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions | journal = BMC Genetics | volume = 10 | pages = 59 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19772609 | pmc = 2759955 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2156-10-59 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=Sengupta2006>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, Lin AA, Mitra M, Sil SK, Ramesh A, Usha Rani MV, Thakur CM, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Majumder PP, Underhill PA | title = Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists | journal = American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 78 | issue = 2 | pages = 202–21 | date = February 2006 | pmid = 16400607 | pmc = 1380230 | doi = 10.1086/499411 }}</ref><ref name=Karafet2008>{{cite journal | vauthors = Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF | title = New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree | journal = Genome Research | volume = 18 | issue = 5 | pages = 830–8 | date = May 2008 | pmid = 18385274 | pmc = 2336805 | doi = 10.1101/gr.7172008 }}</ref>
==Phylogenetic structure ==
*'''C1 F3393'''
**'''C1a CTS11043'''
***'''C1a1 M8''' ''Japan'', ''China'', ''South Korea'', ''North Korea''
****'''C1a1a P121'''
*****'''C1a1a1  CTS9336'''
******'''C1a1a1a   CTS6678''' ''Japan, South Korea''
******'''C1a1a1b   Z1356''' ''Japan''
*****'''C1a1a2  Z45460''' ''China (Liaoning)''
***'''C1a2 (previously C6) V20'''
****'''C1a2a V182'''
*****'''C1a2a1 V222''' ''United Kingdom, Italy (Calabria), Greece, Hungary, Ukraine''
******'''C-Y12152''' ''Scotland''
*******'''C-BY1117''' ''Hungary, England''
*******'''C-Y11695''' ''Italy, Greece, Ukraine''
******'''C-BY67541''' ''Italy, Germany''
*****'''C1a2a2 Z29329''' ''Spain, Poland''
****'''C1a2b Z38888/F16270/PH428''' ''Lithuania, Ireland, England, Algeria, [[Armenians]]''
*****'''C-Z44576''' ''Algeria''
*****'''C-Z44526/F15182''' ''England, Armenian''
**'''C1b F1370'''
***'''C1b1 K281'''
****'''C1b1a B66/Z16458'''
*****'''C-K176'''
******'''C-MF166805/C-M10417''' - ''China ([[Onsu County]] [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]]<ref name = "23mofang" />), Singapore<ref name = "TheYtree" />''
******'''C1b1a1 (previously C5) M356''' ''India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan,<ref name = "Lacau2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lacau H, Gayden T, Regueiro M, Chennakrishnaiah S, Bukhari A, Underhill PA, Garcia-Bertrand RL, Herrera RJ | year = 2012| title = Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective | journal = European Journal of Human Genetics | volume =  20| issue = 10| pages =  1063–1070| doi = 10.1038/ejhg.2012.59 | doi-access = free | pmid = 22510847 | pmc = 3449065}}</ref> Iran, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, China (Xinjiang & Shanxi), [[Myanmar]],<ref name = "Peng2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Peng MS, He JD, Fan L, Liu J, Adeola AC, Wu SF, Murphy RW, Yao YG, Zhang YP | year = 2013| title = Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data | journal = European Journal of Human Genetics | volume =  22| issue = 8| pages =  1046–1050| doi = 10.1038/ejhg.2013.272 | pmc = 4350590 | pmid = 24281365}}</ref> Thailand<ref name = "Brunelli2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brunelli A, Kampuansai J, Seielstad M, Lomthaisong K, Kangwanpong D, Ghirotto S | display-authors = etal | year = 2017 | title = Y chromosomal evidence on the origin of northern Thai people | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 12 | issue = 7| page = e0181935 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0181935 | pmid = 28742125 | bibcode = 2017PLoSO..1281935B | pmc = 5524406 | doi-access = free }}</ref>''
*****'''C1b1a2 B65'''
******'''C-B67'''
*******'''C-Z32425''' ''Borneo ([[Lebbo' people|Lebbo]]<ref name = "Karmin2022">Monika Karmin, Rodrigo Flores, Lauri Saag, Georgi Hudjashov, Nicolas Brucato, Chelzie Crenna-Darusallam, Maximilian Larena, Phillip L Endicott, Mattias Jakobsson, J Stephen Lansing, Herawati Sudoyo, Matthew Leavesley, Mait Metspalu, François-Xavier Ricaut, and Murray P Cox, "Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages," ''Molecular Biology and Evolution'', Volume 39, Issue 3, March 2022, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac045</ref>)''
*******'''C-MY1069''' ''[[Lembata]] (Kadakewa<ref name = "Karmin2022" />)''
********'''C-MY1070''' ''[[Flores]] (Cibol, Rampasasa<ref name = "Karmin2022" />)''
******'''C-AM00848/F725''' ''Singapore, China (Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Shaanxi), Borneo, the Philippines''
*****'''C1b1a3 Z16582''' ''Saudi Arabia, Iraq''
****'''C1b1b B68''' ''Borneo''
***'''C1b2 B477/Z31885'''
****'''C1b2a (previously C2) M38'''
*****'''C1b2a1 M208'''
******'''C1b2a1a P33''' ''Polynesia''
******'''C1b2a1b P54'''
****'''C1b2b (previously C4) M347''' ''Australia''
*****'''C1b2b1 M210'''
== See also ==
{{Y-DNA}}
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haplogroup C-M217 (Y-Dna)}}
[[Category:Human Y-DNA haplogroups|C-F339]]