View source for Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country

{{short description|Y-chromosome haplogroup}}
In [[human genetics]], '''Haplogroup G''' (M201) is a [[Y-chromosome]] [[haplogroup]]{{Main article|Haplogroup G-M201}}
None of the sampling done by research studies shown here would qualify as true random sampling, and thus any percentages of [[haplogroup]] G provided country by country are only rough approximations of what would be found in the full population.
==Africa==
===Algeria===
In 46 samples taken in [[Algeria]] in a 2008 study, 2% were found to be G.  SNP testing was not done, but this one sample was predicted G based on [[haplotype]].  When originally tested for [[SNPs]], G was not an available test.<ref name="Adams2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Adams SM, Bosch E, Balaresque PL, etal |title=The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=725–36 |date=December 2008 |pmid=19061982 |pmc=2668061 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007}}</ref> In a 2011 study, none of 20 samples from [[Berber people|Berber]] [[Mozabite people|Mozabites]] in Algeria were G.<ref name="Filippo2011">{{cite journal  |vauthors=De Filippo C, Barbieri C, Whitten M, etal |title=Y-Chromosomal Variation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights into the History of Niger-Congo Groups |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=1255–69 |date=March 2011 |pmid=21109585 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msq312 |pmc=3561512}} with G data in supplementary material table S-2</ref>
===Comoros Islands===
In a 2011 study of 577 men in the [[Comoros Islands]] off the southeastern African coast, 1.8% were G2a (P15+) and 0.3% were in other unspecified G categories, but none were G1.<ref name="Msaidie2011">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Msaidie S, Ducourneau A, Boetsch G, etal |title=Genetic diversity on the Comoros Islands shows early seafaring as major determinant of human biocultural evolution in the Western Indian Ocean|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=19|issue=1 |pages=89–94 |year=2011 |pmid=20700146|pmc=3039498 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2010.128 }}</ref>
===Egypt===
Of 147 samples from among Egyptians in [[Egypt]] (2004), 9% were G.<ref name="Luis2004">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Luis JR, Rowold DJ, Regueiro M, etal |title=The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=532–44 |date=March 2004 |pmid=14973781 |pmc=1182266 |doi=10.1086/382286}}</ref> And in a 2009 study, among 116 Egyptians, 6.9% were G.<ref name="El-Sibai2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=El-Sibai M, Platt DE, Haber M, etal |title=Geographical structure of the Y-chromosomal genetic landscape of the Levant: a coastal-inland contrast |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=73 |issue=Pt 6 |pages=568–81 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19686289 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00538.x |pmc=3312577}}</ref>  In a study of 35 samples from oasis el-Hayez in the western Egyptian desert area, none were G.<ref name="Kujanova2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Kujanová M, Pereira L, Fernandes V, Pereira JB, Cerný V, etal |title=Near Eastern Neolithic Genetic Input in a Small Oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|volume=140 |issue=2 |pages=225–46|date=October 2009 |pmid=19425100 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.21078}}</ref>
===Libya===
A survey of the population of [[Libya]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but a close approximation for the population in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] in the western part of the country based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 63 samples from there in the [[YHRD|YHRD database]]<ref name="YHRD site">{{cite journal |title=YHRD Database Site |url=http://www.yhrd.org/}}{{Verify source|this needs to be split into specific references for each item and not just one ref to a big website|date=January 2010}}</ref> indicates 7.9% are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite">{{cite journal |title=Athey Haplogroup Predictor |url=http://www.hprg.com/hapest5/}}{{Verify source|this needs to be split into specific references for each item and not just one ref to a big website|date=January 2010}}</ref>
Of 20 Jews of Libya, 10% were found to be G.<ref name="Shen2004">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Shen P, Lavi T, Kivisild T, etal |title=Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence variation |journal=Human Mutation |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=248–60 |date=September 2004 |pmid=15300852 |doi=10.1002/humu.20077|s2cid=1571356 }}</ref> These men seemingly were then living in Israel.
===Morocco===
In 147 samples taken in [[Morocco]], 1% were found to be G.<ref name="Adams2008"/>
In another study 1% of 312 samples in Morocco were G.<ref name="ZallouaPhoenician"/>
Another study gathered samples only from hamlets in Morocco's Azgour Valley, where none of 33 samples were determined G.<ref name="Alvarez2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Alvarez L, Santos C, Montiel R, etal |title=Y-chromosome variation in South Iberia: insights into the North African contribution |journal=American Journal of Human Biology |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=407–9 |year=2009 |pmid=19213004 |doi=10.1002/ajhb.20888|s2cid=7041905 |doi-access=free }}</ref> These hamlets were selected because they were felt to be typically [[Berber people|Berber]] in composition.
A study of 20 Moroccan [[Jews]] found 30% were G.<ref name="Shen2004"/> The tested men were then apparently living in [[Israel]].
===South Africa===
In a 2011 study, in [[South Africa]] no G was found among 8 African men.<ref name="Filippo2011"/>  In a 2010 study, no G found in South Africa among 343 southeastern [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] speakers or 183 [[Khoe languages|Khoe-San]] speakers, but 5.7% of 157 South African whites were G.<ref name="Naidoo2010">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Naidoo T, Schlebusch CM, Makkan H, etal |title=Development of a single base extension method to resolve Y chromosome haplogroups in sub- Saharan African populations|journal=Investigative Genetics |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=6 |date=September 2010 |pmid=21092339 |doi=10.1186/2041-2223-1-6 |pmc=2988483 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Anatolia, the Levant and Arabian Peninsula==
===Cyprus===
Among 166 samples from [[Cyprus]], 13.3% were G.<ref name="ZallouaPhoenician"/>
===Iraq===
Among 139 samples taken in [[Iraq]] in a 2003 study, 2.2% were found to be G.<ref name="Al-Zhery2003">{{cite journal |vauthors=Al-Zahery N, Semino O, Benuzzi G, etal |title=Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=458–72 |date=September 2003|pmid=12927131 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00039-3}}</ref>  In a 2011 study, 1.4% of 143 [[Marsh Arabs]] were found to be G, versus 1.9% of 154 other Iraqis.<ref name="MarshArabs">{{cite journal |url= |vauthors=Al-Zahery N, Pala M, Battaglia V, etal |title=In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=11 |issue=288 |pages=288 |date=October 2011 |pmid=21970613 |pmc=3215667 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-11-288 |bibcode=2011BMCEE..11..288A |doi-access=free }}</ref>
A 2004 study sampled 20 Iraqi Jews (apparently living in Israel), and 10% were found to be G2a (P15+).<ref name="Shen2004"/>   Another study of Iraqi Jews in 2010 found 10.1% of 79 men were G.<ref name="Behar2010"/>
===Israel===
Among 738 Jews in [[Israel]] 9.8% were found to be G.  The G2a (P15+) types were in the majority, with G2b (formerly G2c) being the next most common type.<ref name="Hammer2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Hammer MF, Behar DM, Karafet TM, etal |title=Extended Y chromosome haplotypes resolve multiple and unique lineages of the Jewish priesthood |journal=Human Genetics |volume=126 |issue=5 |pages=707–17 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19669163 |pmc=2771134 |doi=10.1007/s00439-009-0727-5}}</ref>
Among the [[Gnostic]] [[Druze]], G was found in 4% of 37 samples on the [[Golan Heights]]; in 14% of 183 samples in the [[Galilee]]; and in 12% of 35 samples in the [[Mount Carmel|Carmel]].<ref name="Shlush2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Shlush LI, Behar DM, Yudkovsky G, etal |title=The Druze: A Population Genetic Refugium of the Near East |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=e2105 |year=2008 |pmid=18461126 |pmc=2324201 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002105|bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.2105S |editor1-last=Gemmell |editor1-first=Neil John |doi-access=free }}</ref> Another study which sampled 20 Druze men apparently living in Israel, none had the G mutation.<ref name="Shen2004"/>
Among [[Palestinians]] apparently living in Israel, 75% of 20 samples were found to be G2a (P15+).<ref name="Shen2004"/> In the same study, among [[Samaritans]] in Israel none of 12 samples was G. In the Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel (CEPH-[[Human Genome Diversity Project|HDGP]]) "Central Israel" Palestinian sample (n=17), 59% (10) were G.
A study of 329 Druze men found 12.5% were haplogroup G.<ref name="Behar2010"/> This study was not confined to Israel, but was probably mostly Israeli.
===Jordan===
Among 273 samples taken in [[Jordan]], 5.5% were G.<ref name="El-Sibai2009"/>
In another study, 5.9% of 101 Jordanian samples at [[Amman]] were G, and 0% of 45 samples in the [[Dead Sea]] area in Jordan were G.<ref name="Flores2005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Flores C, Maca-Meyer N, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, Karadsheh N, Gonzalez AM |title=Isolates in a corridor of migrations: a high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variation in Jordan |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |volume=50 |issue=9 |pages=435–41 |year=2005 |pmid=16142507 |doi=10.1007/s10038-005-0274-4|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Kuwait===
In 42 samples taken in [[Kuwait]], 2.4% were G.<ref name="El-Sibai2009"/>
In a study confined to [[Bedouin]] tribes of Kuwait, among 148 samples 3.4% were G.  Most of these were found among the [[Aniza]].  All these were G2a (P15+).<ref name="Mohammad2009">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohammad T, Xue Y, Evison M, Tyler-Smith C |title=Genetic structure of nomadic Bedouin from Kuwait |journal=Heredity |volume=103 |issue=5 |pages=425–33 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19639002 |pmc=2869035 |doi=10.1038/hdy.2009.72}}</ref>
===Lebanon===
In 916 samples in a 2008 study from [[Lebanon]], 6% were G.<ref name="Zalloua2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Zalloua PA, Xue Y, Khalife J, etal |title=Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=873–82 |date=April 2008 |pmid=18374297 |pmc=2427286 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020}}</ref>
Among 322 samples from Lebanon in a 2010 study, 7.7% were G.  Within the religious groups, 7.1% of 195 Catholic [[Maronites]] were G, 29.4% of 17 Greek [[Catholics]], 5% of 60 [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]], 7.6% of 26 [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims]], 6.2% of 16 [[Shia Islam|Shiite Muslims]] and 0% of 9 [[Druze]] men.<ref name="Haber2011">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Haber M, Platt DE, Badro DA, etal |title=Influences of history, geography, and religion on genetic structure: the Maronites in Lebanon |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=334–40 |date=March 2011 |pmid=21119711 |pmc=3062011 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2010.177}}</ref>
In 29 samples from a 2008 study among the [[Druze]] in Lebanon, none were G in contrast to significant percentages of G among them in Syria and Israel.<ref name="Shlush2008"/>
===Oman===
Of 121 samples taken among [[Arabs]] of [[Oman]], 2% were G.<ref name="Luis2004"/>
===Palestine===
Among 291 samples taken in [[State of Palestine|Palestine]] 8.9% were G.<ref name="ZallouaPhoenician">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Zalloua PA, Platt DE, El Sibai M, etal |title=Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=633–42 |date=November 2008 |pmid=18976729 |pmc=2668035 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.012}}</ref>
===Qatar===
In 72 samples taken in [[Qatar]], 2.8% were G.  All were G2a (P15+).<ref name="Cadenas2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cadenas AM, Zhivotovsky LA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ |title=Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=374–86 |date=March 2008 |pmid=17928816 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Saudi Arabia===
Among 22 samples taken in [[Saudi Arabia]] in a 2005 study, 4.5% were G.<ref name="Karafet2005"/>  In another study from 2009, of 157 Saudi samples, 0.64% were G1 and 2.55% G2.<ref name="Abu-Amero2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Abu-Amero KK, Hellani A, Gonzalez AM, etal |title=Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome Diversity and Its Relationship with Nearby Regions|journal=BMC Genetics |volume=10 |issue=59 |pages=59 |date=September 2009 |pmid=19772609 |pmc=2759955 |doi=10.1186/1471-2156-10-59 |url= |doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Syrian Arab Republic===
Among 356 samples taken in [[Syria]], 4.8% were G.<ref name="El-Sibai2009"/>
In another study of Syria, 5.5% of 200 samples were G.<ref name="ZallouaPhoenician"/> In yet another study, 3.5% of 87 Syrian samples were G.<ref name="Karafet2005"/>
In another study, among 26 samples taken among the [[Druze]] in Syria 14% were G.<ref name="Shlush2008"/>
===Turkey===
Among 523 samples from [[Turkey]] in a 2004 study, 9.2% were G.<ref name="Cinnioglu2004">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Cinnioğlu C, King R, Kivisild T, etal |title=Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia |journal=Human Genetics |volume=114 |issue=2 |pages=127–48 |date=January 2004 |pmid=14586639 |doi=10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4|s2cid=10763736 }}</ref>  The G1/G1a samples were found only among the northeastern Turkey samples. The single G2b* was found in Kars Province in the far northeast. Of the 9.2% G total, the G samples were found in each of the following subgroups: (a) G2b*(M377+ M283-) n=1; (b) G1* (M342+) n=1; (c) G1a (P20+) n=4; (d) G2a* (P15+) n=37; (e) G2a1 (P16+) n=5; and (f) G2b (M286+) n=1.  A 2011 study retested the same samples and found that within those listed G2a* (P15+) men, 10 were G2a3a (M406)<ref name="Provence2011">{{cite journal  |vauthors=King RJ, DiCristofaro J, Kouvatsi A, etal |title=The coming of the Greeks to Provence and Corsica: Y-chromosome models of archaic Greek colonization of the western Mediterranean|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=11 |pages=69 |date=March 2011 |issue=1 |pmid=21401952 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-11-69 |pmc=3068964 |bibcode=2011BMCEE..11...69K |doi-access=free }}</ref>
A 2011 study found that in the west central Turkish towns of [[Foça]] and [[İzmir]], 3% of 89 samples were G2a3a (M406+) and an additional 4% were unspecified other types of G.<ref name="Provence2011"/>
A 2012 study that sampled ethnic [[Armenians in Turkey|Armenians]] in eastern Turkey found no G1 (M285) among 207 men.  But 2% of 104 samples at [[Sasun]] were G2a1 (P16) with no P16 found at [[Lake Van]].  In contrast, G2a (P15) but not G2a1 was found in 8% of Lake Van and 11% of Sasun men.<ref name="HerreraArmenia"/>
Among 87 [[Kurmanji]]-speaking '''[[Kurds]]''' in southeastern Turkey in a 2005 study, 2.3% were found to be G.  And among 27 [[Zazaki]]-speaking Kurds in the same area, 3.7% were G.<ref name="Nasidze2005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nasidze I, Quinque D, Ozturk M, Bendukidze N, Stoneking M |title=MtDNA and Y-chromosome variation in Kurdish groups |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=69 |issue=Pt 4 |pages=401–12 |date=July 2005 |pmid=15996169 |doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2005.00174.x|s2cid=23771698 }}</ref>
A 2008 doctoral dissertation<ref>Gökcümer, Ömer, Ethnohistorical and Genetic Gurvey of Four Central Anatolian Settlements, a Ph.D. doctoral dissertation, 2008, University of Pennsylvania.</ref>  that sampled 140 men in four towns in central Turkey found 4 of 49 men at "town 1" were G2, 1 of 30 at "town 2", and none of 31 and 30 men respectively at "town 3" and "town 4" were G2.  However, the author only applied prediction software to STR samples to determine the haplogroups.  He concluded that the genetic diversity found suggests "multiple ancestral populations contributed to the genetic make-up of the area."  One G2 man had known origins in northeastern Turkey.
===United Arab Emirates===
In 164 samples taken in the [[United Arab Emirates]], 4.2% were G.  The majority were of the G1 type.<ref name="Cadenas2008"/>
===Yemen===
In 62 samples taken in [[Yemen]], 1.6% were G.  All were G2a (P15+).<ref name="Cadenas2008"/>
In another study that concentrated on the island of [[Soqotra]], none of 63 samples was G.<ref name="Cerny2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Cerný V, Pereira L, Kujanová M, etal |title=Out of Arabia-the settlement of island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=138 |issue=4 |pages=439–47 |date=April 2009 |pmid=19012329 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20960}}</ref>
In another study among 20 Jewish Yemenis, 5% were G2a (P15+) and another 5% were G1 (M285+).<ref name="Shen2004"/> These men were apparently then living in Israel. A 2010 study of Jewish men found 0% of 74 Jewish men from Yemen were haplogroup G.<ref name="Behar2010"/>
==Caucasus Mountains Region==
===Armenia===
Among 100 samples taken in [[Armenia]] for a 2003 study,<ref name="Nasidze2003">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nasidze I, Sarkisian T, Kerimov A, Stoneking M |title=Testing hypotheses of language replacement in the Caucasus: evidence from the Y-chromosome |journal=Human Genetics |volume=112 |issue=3 |pages=255–61 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12596050 |doi=10.1007/s00439-002-0874-4 |s2cid=13232436 |url=http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/Nasidze_2003.pdf |access-date=2009-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227061005/http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/Nasidze_2003.pdf |archive-date=2010-12-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  11% were G.   And a 2011 study.<ref name="Yunusbayev2011">{{cite journal |author=Yunusbayev, B. |title=The Caucasus as an Asymmetric Semipermeable Barrier to Ancient Human Migrations  |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume= 29|issue=1 |pages=359–65 |pmid=21917723 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msr221 |year=2011 |last2=Metspalue |first2=M. |last3=Jarve |first3=M. |last4=Kutuev |first4=I. |last5=Rootsi |first5=S. |last6=Metspalu |first6=E. |last7=Behar |first7=D. |last8=Varendi |first8=K. |last9=Sahakyan |first9=H. |last10=Khusainova |first10=R. |last11=Yepiskoposyan |first11=L. |last12=Khusnutdionova |first12=E. |last13=Underhill |first13=P. |last14=Kivisild |first14=T. |last15=Villems |first15=R. |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}</ref> found 11% of 57 Armenian samples were G1 and 11% G2a. A 2012 study found that none of 206 Armenian samples were G2a1 (P16), but 2% of 110 men in the Ararat Valley in the west and 1% of 96 men at [[Gardman]] in the east were G1 (M285).  Much more of G2a (P15) but not G2a1 was found, totalling 9% of the Ararat Valley men and 4.5% of Gardman men.<ref name="HerreraArmenia">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Herrera KJ, Lowery RK, Hadden L, etal |title=Neolithic patrilineal signals indicate that the Armenian plateau was repopulated by agriculturalists|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |year=2012 |volume= 20|pmid=22085901 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2011.192 |issue=3 |pmc=3286660 |pages=313–20}}</ref>
A 2010 study that concentrated on Jewish men found 21% of 57 Jewish men from Armenia were haplogroup G.<ref name="Behar2010"/> Note that Jews in Armenia are mostly recent Ashkenazi and Georgian.
===Azerbaijan===
Among 72 samples taken in [[Azerbaijan]] 18% were G.<ref name="Nasidze2003"/>
In a study that concentrated on the [[Talysh people|Talysh]] of the southern tip of Azerbaijan, 3% of 40 samples were found to be G.<ref name="NasidzeKalysh">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Nasidze I, Quinque D, Rahmani M, etal |title=mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation in the Talysh of Iran and Azerbaijan |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=138 |issue=1 |pages=82–9 |date=January 2009 |pmid=18711736 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20903}}</ref>
A study that sampled Jews from Azerbaijan found 16% of 57 men were haplogroup G.<ref name="Behar2010">{{cite journal |author1= Doron M. Behar |author2= Bayazit Yunusbayev |author3= Mait Metspalu |author4= Ene Metspalu |author5= Saharon Rosset |author6= Jüri Parik |author7= Siiri Rootsi |author8= Gyaneshwer Chaubey |author9= Ildus Kutuev |author10= Guennady Yudkovsky |author11= Elza K. Khusnutdinova |author12= Oleg Balanovsky |author13= Olga Balaganskaya |author14= Ornella Semino |author15= Luisa Pereira |author16= David Comas |author17= David Gurwitz |author18= Batsheva Bonne-Tamir |author19= Tudor Parfitt |author20= Michael F. Hammer |author21= Karl Skorecki |author22= Richard Villems |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44657170 |title=The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people |journal=Nature |date=July 2010 |volume=466 |doi=10.1038/nature09103 |issue=7303 |pages=238–42 |pmid=20531471|bibcode=2010Natur.466..238B |s2cid= 4307824 }}</ref>
===Georgia===
Among 61 samples taken in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (2001), 30% were G.<ref name="Semino2000">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Semino O, Passarino G, Oefner PJ, etal |title=The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: a Y chromosome perspective |journal=Science |volume=290 |issue=5494 |pages=1155–9 |date=November 2000 |pmid=11073453 |doi=10.1126/science.290.5494.1155|bibcode = 2000Sci...290.1155S }}</ref>
Among 77 samples taken in Georgia (2003), 31% were G.<ref name="Nasidze2003"/> Georgia has the highest percentage  of G among the general population recorded in any country. Among 66 samples taken in Georgia (2009), 31.6% were G2a (P15+).<ref name="Battaglia2009"/> Of this 31.6% figure, 1.5% were G2a3a (M406+), and the remainder were unspecified other types of G2a.
Most of states worldwide recognize [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] as part of Georgia. In Abkhazia 55% of 60 samples were found to be G as listed in a 2009 presentation by Khadizhat Dibirova.<ref name="Haplogroup G in Ossetians from the Alans or from the local Caucasus peoples?">{{cite web |url=http://www.rodstvo.ru/forum/index.php?s=f3d6e88a3f096cf8699b22f14387f393&showtopic=393&st=740&p=25847&#entry25847 |script-title=ru:Сообщение форума |quote="Haplogroup G in Ossetians from the Alans or from the local Caucasus peoples?" (rough translation from Russia) The poster was presented at the V Congress of the Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Selectionists (June 21–27, 2009, Moscow, Russia). |accessdate=31 July 2013 |language=Russian |archive-date=4 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104204215/http://www.rodstvo.ru/forum/index.php?s=f3d6e88a3f096cf8699b22f14387f393&showtopic=393&st=740&p=25847&#entry25847 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=Russian |url=http://s61.radikal.ru/i173/0906/4a/aebc4e0b4f13.jpg |title=Haplogroup G in Ossetians from the Alans or from the local Caucasus peoples |accessdate=31 July 2013 |archive-date=7 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007185800/http://s61.radikal.ru/i173/0906/4a/aebc4e0b4f13.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://zarava.livejournal.com/11078.html |script-title=ru:Блог Зары Валиевой – Осетины – аланы или автохтонное население Кавказа? |url-status=dead |accessdate=31 July 2013 |language=Russian |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726200103/http://zarava.livejournal.com/11078.html |archivedate=26 July 2012 }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=January 2010}} In a 2011 study,<ref name="Yunusbayev2011"/> 47% of 162 Abkhazians were found G2a.  In South Ossetia 48% of 10 samples were found G2a. G1 was absent from both locations. Another 2011 study<ref name="Balanovsky2011">
{{cite journal |author=Balanovsky |title=Parallel evolution of genes and language in the Caucasus region |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume=28 |date=Oct 2011 |issue=10 |pages=2905–20 |pmid=21571925 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msr126 |last2=Dibirova |first2=K. |last3=Dybo |first3=A. |last4=Mudrak |first4=O. |last5=Frolova |first5=S. |last6=Pocheshkhova |first6=E. |last7=Haber |first7=M. |last8=Platt |first8=D. |last9=Schurr |first9=T.  |pmc=3355373|display-authors=etal}}</ref> found among 58 Abkhazians that 12% were G2a1a (P18), 21% were G2a3b1 (P303) and 24% other G2a (P15)
In a study of Jewish men, 4.8% of 62 Jewish men from Georgia were haplogroup G.<ref name="Behar2010"/>
===Russian Federation (Caucasus Region)===
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!  [[North Ossetia]]  !! total N !! % G-M201  !! % G2a-P15 !! % G2a1-P16  !! % G2a1a-P18 !! % G2a3b1-P303 !! source !! year
|-
|  [[Zil'ga]]  || 23 ||  57% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Nasidze2004">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Nasidze I, Quinque D, Dupanloup I, etal |title=Genetic evidence concerning the origins of South and North Ossetians |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=68 |issue=Pt 6 |pages=588–99 |date=November 2004 |pmid=15598217 |doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00131.x|s2cid=1717933 }}</ref> || 2004
|-
|  [[Zamankul]]  || 23 ||  61% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A ||<ref name=Nasidze2004/> || 2004
|-
|   [[Alagir]] ||  24 || 75% || N/A   || N/A|| N/A || N/A ||<ref name=Nasidze2004/> || 2004
|-
|   [[Ardon, Republic of North Ossetia–Alania|Ardon]] || 28 || 21% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A ||<ref name="Nasidze2004-2">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Nasidze I, Ling EY, Quinque D, etal |title=Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome variation in the caucasus |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=68 |issue=Pt 3 |pages=205–21 |date=May 2004 |pmid=15180701 |doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x|s2cid=27204150 |doi-access=free }}</ref> || 2004
|-
|  [[Digora]]  || 31 || 74% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name=Nasidze2004-2/> || 2004
|-
|  [[Ossetian people|Ossetian]]  || 166 || 68% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name=Nasidze2004-2/> || 2004
|-
| N. Ossetians  || 132 || 69%  || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A ||<ref name="Haplogroup G in Ossetians from the Alans or from the local Caucasus peoples?"/> || 2009
|-
|  [[Iron people|Ossets-Iron]]  || 230 ||   ||   || 1% || 73% || 1% || <ref name=Balanovsky2011/> || 2011
|-
|  [[Digor people|Ossets-Digor]]  || 127 ||   ||   || 0% || 56% || 5% || <ref name=Balanovsky2011/> || 2011
|}
The G concentrations at Alagir and Digora represent the highest reported concentrations of G in any locale in the world. Though not stated in the 2004 studies, most of these were likely typical G2a1a type of G based on corresponding STR marker values.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!  n.w. Caucasus people  !! total N !! % G-M201  !! % G2a-P15 !! % G2a1-P16  !! % G2a1a-P18 !! % G2a3b1-P303 !! source !! year
|-
| [[Shapsugs|Shapsug]] || 106 || 81% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Haplogroup G in Ossetians from the Alans or from the local Caucasus peoples?"/> || 2009
|-
| [[Shapsugs|Shapsug]] || 100 || || || 0% || 0% || 86% || <ref name=Balanovsky2011/> || 2011
|-
| [[Cherkess]] || 126 || || 45% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name=Yunusbayev2011/> || 2011
|-
| [[Karachays]] || 69 || || 32% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name=Yunusbayev2011/> || 2011
|-
| [[Circassians]] || 48 || 31% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Haplogroup G in Ossetians from the Alans or from the local Caucasus peoples?"/> || 2009
|-
| [[Circassians]] || 142 || || 1% || 0% || 9% || 30% || <ref name=Balanovsky2011/> || 2011
|-
| [[Adyghe people|Adyghe]] || 155 || 48% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Behar2010"/>
|| 2010
|-
| [[Balkars]] || – || || 29% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Battaglia2009"/> || 2009
|-
| [[Balkars]] || 135 || || 32% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name=Yunusbayev2011/> || 2011
|-
| [[Kabardin people|Kabardin]] || 59 || || 29% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Nasidze2003"/> ||  2003
|}
The reported high G concentration among the [[Shapsugs]] of the far northwestern Caucasus represents the highest percentage of G among any group worldwide.  This is the highest percentage of G in a single population in the world{{spaced ndash}}slightly higher than among the Madjars of [[Kazakhstan]].
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!  n.e. Caucasus people  !! total N !! % G-M201  !! % G2a-P15 !! % G2a1-P16  !! % G2a1a-P18 !! % G2a3b1-P303 !! source !! year
|-
| [[Lezgins]] || 31 || || 10% || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  <ref name=Yunusbayev2011/> || 2011
|-
| [[Lezgins]]  || 81 ||   ||  || 1% || 1% || 0% || <ref name="Balanovsky2011"/>
|| 2011
|-
| [[Caucasian Avars|Avars]] || 20 || 5% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  <ref name="Cacliagi2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Caciagli L, Bulayeva K, Bulayev O, etal |title=The key role of patrilineal inheritance in shaping the genetic variation of Dagestan highlanders |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |volume=54 |issue=12 |pages=689–94 |date=December 2009 |pmid=19911015 |doi=10.1038/jhg.2009.94|doi-access=free }}</ref>  ||  2009
|-
| [[Caucasian Avars|Avars]]  || 108 ||  12% || N/A  || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Diborova"/>|| 2009
|-
| [[Caucasian Avars|Avars]] || 42 || || 0% || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  <ref name=Yunusbayev2011/> || 2011
|-
| [[Caucasian Avars|Avars]] || 115 || ||  || 0% || 1% || 9% ||  <ref name=Balanovsky2011/> || 2011
|-
| [[Chechen people|Chechens-Akkins]] || 20 || 5% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  <ref name="Cacliagi2009"/> || 2009
|-
| [[Chechen people|Chechens]] || 19 || 5% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Nasidze2003"/>
|| 2003
|-
|  [[Chechen people|Chechens]]   || 165 ||   || 2% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Yunusbayev2011"/> || 2011
|-
| [[Chechen people|Chechen]] ([[Chechnya]] & [[Ingushetia]])  || 178 ||  6% || N/A  || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Diborova"/>|| 2009
|-
|  [[Chechen people|Chechen]] ([[Dagestan]])  || 72 ||  4% || N/A  || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Diborova"/>|| 2009
|-
| [[Chechen people|Chechen]] ([[Ingushetia]])  || 112 ||    ||    || 0% || 4% || 5% || <ref name="Balanovsky2011"/>|| 2011
|-
| [[Chechen people|Chechen]] ([[Chechnya]])  || 118 ||    ||    || 0% || 0% || 1% || <ref name="Balanovsky2011"/>|| 2011
|-
| [[Chechen people|Chechen]] ([[Dagestan]])  || 100 ||    ||    || 0% || 6% || 1% || <ref name="Balanovsky2011"/>|| 2011
|-
| [[Ingush people|Ingush]]   || 22 || 27% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Nasidze2003"/>
|| 2003
|-
| [[Ingush people|Ingush]]   || 142 ||   ||  || 1% || 0% || 0% || <ref name="Balanovsky2011"/>
|| 2011
|-
|  [[Dargin people|Dargin]]  || 26 || 4% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Nasidze2003"/>
|| 2003
|-
| [[Dargin people|Dargin]]   || 86 ||  2% || N/A  || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Diborova"/>|| 2009
|-
| [[Dargin people|Dargin]]  || 68 ||   || 3% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="dissertation"/> || 2006
|-
| [[Dargin people|Dargin]]  || 101 ||   || 1% ||0% || 0% || 1% || <ref name="Balanovsky2011"/> || 2011
|-
| [[Kubachi language|Kubachi]] || 14 || 0% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  <ref name="Cacliagi2009"/> || 2009
|-
| [[Kubachi language|Kubachi]]  || 65 ||   || 0%  || 0% || 0% || 0% || <ref name="Balanovsky2011"/>|| 2011
|-
| [[Kubachi language|Kubachi]]|| 56 ||  0% || N/A  || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Diborova"/>|| 2009
|-
| [[Lak people (Dagestan)|Laks]] || 21 || 5% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  <ref name="Cacliagi2009"/> || 2009
|-
| [[Tabasarans]]|| 30 || 3% || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  <ref name="Cacliagi2009"/> || 2009
|-
| [[Tabasarans]]  || 43 ||   || 0%% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Yunusbayev2011"/> || 2011
|-
|  [[Andi people|Andi]]  || 49 ||   || 6% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="dissertation">Yunusbaev, B., НАРОДОВ ДАГЕСТАНА ПО ДАННЫМ О ПОЛИМОРФИЗМЕ Y-ХРОМОСОМЫ И ALU-ИНСЕРЦИЙ, Работа выполнена в Институте биохимии и генетики Уфимского научного
центра Российской академии наук{{Verify source|what does this russian source say? what is the date? can someone translate the title? i can't find anything in google scholar|date=January 2010}}</ref>
|| 2006
|-
|  [[Lezgins|Lezgin]]   || 31||   || 58% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="dissertation"/> || 2006
|-
|  [[Lezgins|Lezgin]]   || 90 ||  6% || N/A  || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Diborova"/>|| 2009
|-
|   [[Kumyk people|Kumyks]]   || 76 ||   || 11% || 1% || N/A || N/A || <ref name="dissertation"/> || 2006
|-
|   [[Kumyk people|Kumyks]]   || 73 ||   || 14% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Yunusbayev2011"/> || 2011
|-
| [[Chamalal people|Chamalals]]  || 27 ||   || 18%|| N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Yunusbayev2011"/> || 2011
|-
|    [[Terek Cossacks]]  || 86 ||  54% || N/A  || N/A || N/A || N/A || {{citation needed|date=January 2013}}<ref name="Diborova">Khadizhat Dibirova presentation: "Haplogroup G in Ossetians from the Alans or from the local Caucasus peoples?"</ref> || 2009
|-
| [[Kaitags|Kaltagian]] || 30 ||  0% || N/A  || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Diborova"/>|| 2009
|-
| [[Kaitags]]  || 33 ||   || 0% ||0% || 0% || 0% || <ref name="Balanovsky2011"/> || 2011
|-
|-
|-
| [[Bagvalal language|Bagvalals]]  || 28 ||   || 0% || N/A || N/A || N/A || <ref name="Yunusbayev2011"/> || 2011
|}
'''Note:''' The study by Yunusbaev (2006) showed the tiny population of [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian language family]] [[Andic languages|Andic-speaking]] [[Chamalal language|Chamalal]] to be 19% (N=5/27) G2a-P15, and '''all of this was an unknown sub-clade of G2a-P15 listed as "G2c" (currently classified as G2b) which was ''not'' defined in 2006 when this study was conducted (no SNP testing was done for true G2b-M377)'''. Since this study tested only G-M201 and G2a-P15, it is possible that this sub-clade may actually be G2a1-P16, since a number of the likely G haplotypes from Daghestan are actually G2a1-P16. He also reported that 12% (N=76) of the [[Kumyks]] tested were G{{spaced ndash}}with that figure composed of 11% G2a (P15+) and 1% (1/76) listed as "G2c", which again at the time a sub-clade of G2a-P15, likely G2a1-P16).
In these Russian tabulations above (1) G2a3a-M406 man among the Avars and (1) G1-M285 man each found among Chechens and Adyghe were omitted to simplify the charts. Also, the 2011 Balanovsky study found 12% G2a3a-M406 among the Lezgins which are not included in the chart entry for them.
==Asia==
===Afghanistan===
In [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]] from [[Afghanistan]] haplogroup [[Haplogroup G2b (Y-DNA)|G2b]] 6.1%.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Marc Haber |author2=Platt DE |author3=Ashrafian Bonab M |author4=Youhanna SC |author5=Soria-Hernanz DF | year = 2012 | title = Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 3| page = e34288 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 | pmid=22470552 | pmc=3314501|bibcode = 2012PLoSO...734288H |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===China===
These percentages of G were found in the following number of samples from [[China]] in a 2006 study:<ref name="Hammer2006">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H, etal |title=Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=47–58 |year=2006 |pmid=16328082 |doi=10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0|doi-access=free }}</ref>
(a) The [[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]] who live primarily in far northwestern China 4.5% of 67.
(b) The northern [[Han Chinese|Han]] 2.3% of 44.
(c) The southern Han 0% of 40.
(d) [[Tibet]] 0% of 105.
(e) The [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]] who live in southern China or Vietnam, 0% of 20.
(f) The [[Yao people|Yao]] of southern China 0% of 60.
(g) In [[Manchuria]] or among the [[Manchus]] in northeastern China, 0% of 93.
(h) The [[Evenks]] who live principally along the border of northeastern China  0% of 31.
(i) The [[Oroqen people|Oroqen]] of northeastern China 0% of 22.
(j) The [[Yi people|Yi]] who live principally in southern China and who speak a Burmese language 0% of 43.
(k) The [[Tujia people|Tujia]] of central China, 0%  of 47.
A 2005 study that sampled five southern Chinese groups found the following percentages of G:
(1) The [[Han Chinese|Han]] less than 1% G in 166 samples.
(2) The [[Miao people|Miao]] 0% of 58.
(3) The [[She people|She]] 0% of 51.
(4) The [[Tujia people|Tujia]] 0% of 49.
(5) The [[Yao people|Yao]] 0% of 60.<ref name="Karafet2005"/>
A 2008 study that concentrated on the island of [[Hainan]] off the southeastern Chinese coast found 0% G among 405 men from various island aborigine groups.<ref name="Li2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Li D, Li H, Ou C, etal |title=Paternal Genetic Structure of Hainan Aborigines Isolated at the Entrance to East Asia |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=e2168 |year=2008 |pmid=18478090 |pmc=2374892 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002168|bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.2168L |editor1-last=MacAulay |editor1-first=Vincent |doi-access=free }}</ref>
A 2007 study that concentrated on the [[Mang people|Mang]] of [[Yunnan Province]] in southern China found no G among 65 samples.<ref name="Tan2007">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Tan S, Yang M, Yu H, etal |title=Y-chromosome polymorphisms define the origin of the Mang, an isolated population in China |journal=Annals of Human Biology |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=573–81 |year=2007 |pmid=17786593 |doi=10.1080/03014460701492237|s2cid=25282581 }}</ref>
Another 2007 study that sampled Tibet found 0% G among 156 samples<ref name="Gayden2007"/>
A 2010 study of northwestern China found G (M201) in 2% of 41 [[Kazakhs]]; 2% of 31 [[Tajik people|Tajikes]]; and 2% of 23 [[Ozbeks]].  No G was found among [[Tu people|Tu]], [[Xibe people|Xibo]], [[Mongols|Mongolian]], [[Tatars|Tataer]], [[Uyghur people|Uighur]], [[Yugur|Yugu]], [[Kyrgyz people|Kirghiz]], [[Russia|Russ]], [[Dongxiang people|Dongxiang]], [[Bonans|Bao'an]] and [[Salar people|Salar]] persons.<ref name="Shou2010">{{cite journal |author=Shou W, Qiao, E, Dong, Y|title=Y-chromosome distributions among populations in Northwest China identify significant contribution from Central Asian pastoralists and lesser influence of western Eurasians |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |volume= 55|issue=5 |pages=314–22 |year=2010 |pmid=20414255 |doi=10.1038/jhg.2010.30|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}</ref>
A 2011 study found only a few G samples among hundreds of samples around China of the majority [[Han Chinese|Han]] population. The Han locales with single G samples were [[Liaoning]] in the northeast with one G2b (M377) man, [[Henan]] in the east central area with one G2a1 (P16) and Henan again with one G2a (P15) man not M286 or P16. This same study found 2% of [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] were G2a (P15) but not M286 or P16. These were all in [[Xinjiang]] in the northwest.  And among 62 [[Hui people|Hui]] men from [[Ningxia]] in the north central area, 1.6% were G1 and 1.6% were G2a (P15) but not P16 or M286.  No G at all found among Hui elsewhere or in [[Tibet]] (262 samples) or among the [[Xibe people|Xibe]], Hazak, [[Evenks]], [[Blang people|Bulang]], [[Va people|Wa]], [[Gin people|Jing]], [[Dai people|Dai]], [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]], [[Dong people|Dong]], [[Mulao people|Mulao]], [[Buyei people|Buyi]], [[Li people|Li]], [[Maonan people|Maonan]], [[Sui people|Shui]], [[Gelao people|Gelao]], [[Miao people|Miao]], [[Yao people|Yao]], [[She people|She]], [[Bai people|Bai]], [[Hani people|Hani]], [[Jingpo people|Jingpo]], [[Lahu people|Lahu]], [[Lisu people|Lisu Naxi]], [[Yi people|Yi]], [[Tujia people|Tujia]], [[Hui people|Hui]], Man or [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]] men sampled at various locations.<ref name="Zhong2011"/>
In a newer genetic study, Y-DNA G-M201 was found in the genes of a few Han Chinese individuals from Ningxia province and Beijing.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0105691| pmid=25170956| pmc=4149484|title = Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Descend from Three Neolithic Super-Grandfathers| journal=PLOS ONE| volume=9| issue=8| pages=e105691|year = 2014|last1 = Yan|first1 = Shi| last2=Wang| first2=Chuan-Chao| last3=Zheng| first3=Hong-Xiang| last4=Wang| first4=Wei| last5=Qin| first5=Zhen-Dong| last6=Wei| first6=Lan-Hai| last7=Wang| first7=Yi| last8=Pan| first8=Xue-Dong| last9=Fu| first9=Wen-Qing| last10=He| first10=Yun-Gang| last11=Xiong| first11=Li-Jun| last12=Jin| first12=Wen-Fei| last13=Li| first13=Shi-Lin| last14=An| first14=Yu| last15=Li| first15=Hui| last16=Jin| first16=Li| arxiv=1310.3897| bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j5691Y| doi-access=free}}</ref>
===India===
In 405 samples taken in [[India]] in a 2005 study, 1.5% were G.<ref name="Karafet2005"/> In a 2009 study covering mostly [[New Delhi]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]] 2% of 104 samples were G.<ref name="Fornarino2009"/>
In another study in 2008 that concentrated on southern Indian locations,<ref name="Watkins2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Watkins WS, Thara R, Mowry BJ, etal |title=Genetic variation in South Indian castes: evidence from Y-chromosome, mitochondrial, and autosomal polymorphisms |journal=BMC Genetics |volume=9|pages=86 |year=2008 |pmid=19077280 |pmc=2621241 |doi=10.1186/1471-2156-9-86 |doi-access=free }}</ref> less than 1% of 155 samples was G in [[Tamil Nadu]], and the G percentage in Andhra Pradesh was 1% of 167 samples.
A study that sampled 1052 men within 25 diverse populations in India, only one man was G. This man was included in the samples labeled Kash. Pandit.<ref name="Reich2009">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reich D, Thangaraj K, Patterson N, Price AL, Singh L |title=Reconstructing Indian Population History |journal=Nature |volume=461 |issue=7263 |pages=489–94 |date=September 2009 |pmid=19779445 |pmc=2842210 |doi=10.1038/nature08365|bibcode = 2009Natur.461..489R }}</ref>
A 2006 study that sampled 1074 men within 77 diverse Indian populations found only one man in central India who was G.<ref name="Sahoo2006">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Sahoo S, Singh A, Himabindu G, etal |title=A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=103 |issue=4 |pages=843–8 |date=January 2006 |pmid=16415161 |pmc=1347984 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0507714103 |bibcode=2006PNAS..103..843S|doi-access=free }}</ref>
Another study from 2009 found in 560 samples from northern India that 4% were G.<ref name="Zhao2009">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhao Z, Khan F, Borkar M, Herrera R, Agrawal S |title=Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: A study of 560 Y chromosomes |journal=Annals of Human Biology |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=46–59 |year=2009 |pmid=19058044 |pmc=2755252 |doi=10.1080/03014460802558522}}</ref>  The authors found no G among 96 Bhargavas or 88 Chaturvedis (both [[Brahmins]]), but 1.7% of 118 other Brahmins, 9.7% of 154 [[Shia]] and 5.8% of 104 [[Sunni]] samples were G.
In a 2003 study of 286 men belonging to two tribal groups of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in southern India, as well as five caste groups from various parts of India, only one man in [[West Bengal]] was G.<ref name="Kivisild2003">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, etal |title=The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=313–32 |date=February 2003 |pmid=12536373 |pmc=379225 |doi=10.1086/346068}}</ref>
In a 2006 study of 728 Indian samples taken from among 36 populations and 18 castes, 1.2% were G. These were all G2a (P15+) men.<ref name="Sengupta2006">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, etal |title=Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=202–21 |date=February 2006 |pmid=16400607 |pmc=1380230 |doi=10.1086/499411}}</ref> In this study many of the G2a men were contained within the samples of the [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]] upper caste where G persons comprised 11.9% of 59 samples.
In a 2010 study sampling 45 [[Cochin Jews]] from southern India, none were haplogroup G. The same study found 6.5% of 31 [[Bene Israel]] Jews from [[Mumbai]] were G.<ref name="Behar2010"/>
In the YHRD database, among 44 samples taken among the [[Afridi]] [[Pashtuns]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], northern India, 28 (64%) were found to belong to haplogroup G.
In a 2010 study of [[Muslims]] in India, in [[Uttar Pradesh]] in n. India 2.3% of 129 Indian [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] men were G as were 8% of 161 Indian [[Shia Islam|Shia]] there. In [[Andhra Pradesh]] in southern India, 8% of 25 Iranian Shia were G.  Among the [[Dawoodi Bohra]] of west and south India, no G was found in 76 samples, as was the case among Mappla of southern India.<ref name="Eaaswarkhanth2010">{{cite journal |author=Eaaswarkhanth M, Haque I, Ravesh, Z, Gallego Romero I|title=Traces of sub-Saharan and Middle Eastern lineages in Indian Muslim populations|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=18|issue=3 |pages=354–63 |date=March 2010 |pmid=19809480 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2009.168 |pmc=2859343 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>
In a 2009 study of 621 samples from various components of the Indian [[caste system]], G was found in 10.9% of 64 [[Gujarat]] [[Brahmins]] in the west and 3.3% there among 32 [[Maharashtra]] Brahmins and none among Gujarat [[Bhils]]. In the east, 11.1% of 27 [[Bihar]] Paswan were G, but none found among Bihar Brahmins and [[West Bengal]] Brahmins. In the central area, no G found among [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[Kols]] and [[Gonds]], and among [[Madhya Pradesh]] Brahmins, Gonds and [[Saharia]]. In the north, 3.6% of 49 [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] Brahmins were G and 2% of 51 J&K [[Kashmir]]i Pandists, but none found among J&K Kashmir [[Gurjar|Gujars]] or among [[Uttar Pradesh]] or Himachal Brahmins.<ref name="Sharma2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Sharma S, Rai E, Sharma P, etal |title=The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system|journal= Journal of Human Genetics |volume=54|issue=1 |pages=47–55|date=January 2009 |pmid=19158816 |doi=10.1038/jhg.2008.2|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Indonesia===
In 80 samples taken in [[Indonesia]], 0% were G.<ref name="Hammer2006"/>
In another study confined to [[Western New Guinea]] none of 183 samples were G.<ref name="Kayser2008"/>
In a study of the northwestern end of the island of [[New Guinea]] among 162 samples from 13 populations none were G.<ref name="Mona2007">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mona S, Tommaseo-Ponzetta M, Brauer S, Sudoyo H, Marzuki S, Kayser M |title=Patterns of Y-chromosome diversity intersect with the Trans–New Guinea hypothesis |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=24 |issue=11 |pages=2546–55 |date=November 2007 |pmid=17846104 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msm187|doi-access=free }}</ref>
In another study confined to the island of [[Sumba]] no G was found among 352 samples.<ref name="Lansing2007">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Lansing JS, Cox MP, Downey SS, etal |title=Coevolution of languages and genes on the island of Sumba, eastern Indonesia |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=104 |issue=41 |pages=16022–6 |date=October 2007 |pmid=17913885 |pmc=2042155 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0704451104|bibcode = 2007PNAS..10416022L |doi-access=free }}</ref>
A study that gathered 552 samples in [[Bali]], 21 in western Indonesia and 55 in eastern Indonesia failed to find any G persons.<ref name="Karafet2005"/>
===Iran===
Of 33 samples taken in northern [[Iran]], 15.2% were G.  Of these 5 samples, 4 were G2a (P15+). And 12.8% of 117 samples from the south of that country were G. In this latter location the percentage of G1 almost equaled the G2a percentage. The authors did not provide information about locations sampled.<ref name="Regueiro2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Gayden T, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ |title=Iran: tricontinental nexus for Y-chromosome driven migration |journal=Human Heredity |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=132–43 |year=2006 |pmid=16770078 |doi=10.1159/000093774|s2cid=7017701 }}</ref>
Of 91 samples taken at unstated location(s) in northern Iran (2009), 2.2% were G.<ref name="El-Sibai2009"/>
Of 50 samples taken from the [[Mazandarani people|Mazandarani]] in northern Iran west of the [[Caspian Sea]], 14% were G.  Likewise of 50 samples from the [[Gilaki people|Gilaki]] in the same area, 10% were G.<ref name="Nasidze2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nasidze I, Quinque D, Rahmani M, Alemohamad SA, Stoneking M |title=Concomitant replacement of language and mtDNA in South Caspian populations of Iran |journal=Current Biology |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=668–73 |date=April 2006 |pmid=16581511 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.021|s2cid=7883334 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
Of 50 samples taken from the [[Talysh people|Talysh]] along the southwestern shore of the Caspian Sea in north central Iran, 2% were G.<ref name="NasidzeKalysh"/>
Samples were taken in another study in [[Khuzestan Province]] of west central Iran, and 15% G found among 53 [[Bakhtiari people|Bakhtiari]] in [[Izeh]] and 6% G among [[Arabs]] in [[Ahvaz]].<ref name="NasidzeLineages">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nasidze I, Quinque D, Rahmani M, Alemohamad SA, Stoneking M |title=Close genetic relationship between Semitic-speaking and Indo-European-speaking groups in Iran |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=72 |issue=Pt 2 |pages=241–52 |date=March 2008 |pmid=18205892 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00413.x|s2cid=5873833 }}</ref>
In a study of Jewish men, there were no haplogroup G men among 49 men with Iranian origins.<ref name="Behar2010"/>
===Japan===
In 259 samples taken among the following groups or locations in [[Japan]]: [[Ainu people|Ainu]], [[Aomori, Aomori|Aomori]], [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]], [[Shizuoka, Shizuoka|Shizuoka]], [[Tokushima]] and [[Kyushu]] 0% were G.<ref name="Hammer2006"/>
In another study, among 23 samples taken in Japan, none were G.<ref name="Sengupta2006"/>
===Kazakhstan===
Two [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] tribes are believed to have the highest levels of Haplogroup G in the world. This is striking partly because most Kazakh males fall into [[Haplogroup C3 (Y-DNA)|C3]].
A study of the Kazakh [[Madjars|Madzhars]] (Madjars) in the [[Torgay]] area of [[Kazakhstan]], 86.7% of 45 samples were G. This is the highest concentration of G reported anywhere in the world so far. All the samples were G1.<ref name="Biro2009">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bíró AZ, Zalán A, Völgyi A, Pamjav H |title=A Y-chromosomal comparison of the Madjars (Kazakhstan) and the Magyars (Hungary) |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=139 |issue=3 |pages=305–10 |date=July 2009 |pmid=19170200 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20984}}</ref>
A limited study has found [[Haplogroup G-M285]] (G1) among four out of five [[Argyns]] sampled in central Kazakhstan. The Argyns, who were  previously known as the [[Basmyl]], were first documented in the 6th century, residing in what is now the [[Xinjiang]] region of China.
===Korea===
In 75 samples taken in [[Korea]] in a 2006 study, 0% were G.<ref name="Hammer2006"/>
Among another 85 samples also taken in 2006 in Korea, 0% were G.<ref name="Derenko2006">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Denisova GA, etal |title=Contrasting patterns of Y-chromosome variation in South Siberian populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan regions |journal=Human Genetics |volume=118 |issue=5 |pages=591–604 |date=January 2006 |pmid=16261343 |doi=10.1007/s00439-005-0076-y|s2cid=23011845 }}</ref> A 2011 study of 64 Korean samples, again found no G among them.<ref name="Zhong2011">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Zhong H, Shi H, Qi XB, etal |title=Extended Y chromosome investigation suggests postglacial migrations of modern humans into East Asia via the northern route |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=717–27 |date=January 2011 |pmid=20837606 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msq247 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Malaysia===
In 32 samples taken among [[Ethnic Malays|Malays]] (presumably from [[Malaysia]]), 6.3% were G.<ref name="Karafet2005"/>
===Mongolia===
In 149 samples taken in [[Mongolia]], 0.7% were G.<ref name="Hammer2006"/>
On 47 samples taken also in 2006 in Mongolia, 0% were G.<ref name="Derenko2006"/>
===Nepal===
In 188 samples taken in a 2007 study in 3 locations in [[Nepal]], none were G.<ref name="Gayden2007">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Gayden T, Cadenas AM, Regueiro M, etal |title=The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=80 |issue=5 |pages=884–94 |date=May 2007 |pmid=17436243 |pmc=1852741 |doi=10.1086/516757}}</ref> Also in Nepal among 173 [[Tharu people|Tharus]] in [[Terai]], no G was found in a 2009 study.<ref name="Fornarino2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Fornarino S, Pala M, Battaglia V, etal |title=Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=9 |pages=154 |date=July 2009 |pmid=19573232 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-9-154 |pmc=2720951 |issue=6 |bibcode=2009BMCEE...9..154F |doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Pakistan===
Of 638 samples taken in [[Pakistan]], 2.7% were G.<ref name="FirasatGreek"/> This same study found the percentage of G among 96 samples from Pakistani [[Pathans]] was 11.5%; among 44 samples from [[Kalash people|Kalash]] men was 18.1% and among 97 samples from [[Burusho people|Burusho]] men was 1%{{spaced ndash}}all groups of northern Pakistan.
Among 176 Pakistani samples gathered in another study, G2a (P15+) men represented 4.6% of the total. G1 (M285+) men represented 0.6%, and G2b (M377+) men were 1.1%.<ref name="Sengupta2006"/>
===Papua New Guinea===
In a large study of Northern Island Melanesia within [[Papua New Guinea]] (2006) none of 685 samples was G.<ref name="Scheinfeldt2006">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Scheinfeldt L, Friedlaender F, Friedlaender J, etal |title=Unexpected NRY chromosome variation in Northern Island Melanesia |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=1628–41 |date=August 2006 |pmid=16754639 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msl028|doi-access=free }}</ref> Most of these were Papuan-speaking persons.
In 46 samples taken in Papua New Guinea (2006), 0% were G.<ref name="Karafet2005"/>
In another study (2008) 19 samples taken on the island of [[New Britain]] none were found to be G, and none of 52 samples in the [[Trobriand Islands]] were G.<ref name="Kayser2008"/> In this same study, on the mainland of Papua New Guinea none of 197 samples were listed as G.
===Russian Federation [Asian portion]===
In a 2006 study, in [[Russia]] among 98 Altai samples, 1% were G.<ref name="Hammer2006"/> The [[Altay people|Altai]] or Altay are a Turkic group overlapping Mongolia and south central Russia. In this same study among the [[Buryats]], a Mongol people who live principally just north of Mongolia, 1.2% of 81 samples were G, and no G at all was found among 31 samples from the [[Evens]] who live principally in the far northeastern area of Russia.
In another 2006 study concentrating on the southern Siberian border region,<ref name="Derenko2006"/> going from west to east:
(a) Of 92 samples from the Turkic [[Altay people|Altaian-Kizhi]], 1.1% G.
(b) Of 47 samples from the Teleuts, 0% G.
(c) Of 51 samples from the Turkic [[Shors]] 0% G.
(d) Of 53 samples from the Turkic [[Khakas people|Khakassians]], 0% G.
(e) Of 113 samples from the Mongolized Turkic [[Tuvinians]], 0.9% G.
(f) Of 36 samples from the Turkic Todjins, 0% G.
(g) Of 53 samples from the Turkic [[Tofalars]], 0% G.
(g) Of 34 samples from Sojots, 2.9% G.
(h) Of 238 samples from the Mongol [[Buryats]], 0.4% G.
Much farther to the north among 50 [[Evenks]], 0% G.
Another 2006 study<ref name="Pakendorf2007">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Danilova AP, Protod'jakonov AP, Stoneking M |title=Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts |journal=Human Genetics |volume=120 |issue=3 |pages=334–53 |date=October 2006 |pmid=16845541 |doi=10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2|s2cid=31651899 }}</ref> covered primarily the northeastern area of Siberia where [[Yakuts]] and Yakut-speaking [[Evenks]] live. The authors did not test for G, but the report suggests the men all belonged instead to the haplogroups shown in the report.
A 2008 study concentrated on two populations of northwestern Siberia.  Among 63 [[Mansi people|Mansi]], 4% were G, and among 106 [[Khanty people|Khanty]] none were G.<ref name="Pimenoff2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pimenoff VN, Comas D, Palo JU, Vershubsky G, Kozlov A, Sajantila A |title=Northwest Siberian Khanty and Mansi in the junction of West and East Eurasian gene pools as revealed by uniparental markers |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=16 |issue=10 |pages=1254–64 |date=October 2008 |pmid=18506205 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2008.101|s2cid=19488203 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
In a small study of 18 Siberian samples, none were G.<ref name="Sengupta2006"/> In a 2011 study of the Altai Republic <ref name="Dulik2011">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dulik M, Osipova LP, Schurr TG |title=Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=e17548 |date=March 2011 |pmid=21412412 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0017548 |pmc=3055870|bibcode = 2011PLoSO...617548D |doi-access=free }}</ref> among 119 samples, 3.4% were G1 and 1.7%% were G2a.
===Sri Lanka===
In 91 samples taken in [[Sri Lanka]] in one study 5.5% were G.<ref name="Karafet2005">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Karafet TM, Lansing JS, Redd AJ, etal |title=Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders |journal=Human Biology |volume=77 |issue=1 |pages=93–114 |date=February 2005 |pmid=16114819 |doi=10.1353/hub.2005.0030|hdl=1808/13586 |s2cid=7953854 |url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/13586/1/Karafet_et_al_2005.pdf |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
In another study of [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] men, none of 39 samples was G.<ref name="Kivisild2003"/>
===Taiwan===
In 132 samples taken in [[Taiwan]], 0% were G.<ref name="Hammer2006"/>
Among 48 samples taken among Taiwanese aboriginals, none were G.<ref name="Karafet2005"/>
===Uzbekistan===
A study of 15 Jewish men from Uzbekistan found 0% were haplogroup G.<ref name="Behar2010"/>  This same study, however, referred to a mixture of studies in which 22% of other Uzbek Jewish men samples belonged to haplogroup G.
===Vietnam===
In 70 samples taken in [[Vietnam]], 0% were G.<ref name="Karafet2005"/>
==Europe==
===Albania===
Among 55 samples taken in [[Albania]] in a 2009 study, 1.8% were G2a (P15+).<ref name="Battaglia2009"/> None were G2a3a (M406+). In a 2010 study, no G was found among sampled Gabel and Jevg men, but 1.2% of [[Gheg Albanian|Gheg]] and 3.3% of [[Tosk Albanian|Tosk]] were G (M201+).<ref name="Ferri2010">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Ferri G, Tofanelli S, Alù M, etal |title=Y-STR variation in Albanian populations: implications on the match probabilities and the genetic legacy of the minority claiming an Egyptian descent.|journal=International Journal of Legal Medicine |volume=124 |issue=5 |pages=363–70|date=September 2010 |pmid=20238122 |doi=10.1007/s00414-010-0432-x |s2cid=1433895}}</ref>
===Austria===
A survey of the general population of [[Austria]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of samples from there in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates 7.0% (n=16) of 230 samples in the [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]] and none of 66 samples from [[Vienna]] and 1.5% (n=1) at [[Graz]] are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/> Several additional samples are borderline for being G.
===Belgium===
A 2010 study of DNA Project Oud-Hertgodom [[Province of Brabant|Brabant]] found that 3.6% of 893 samples were haplogroup G2a among those with eastern Belgian ancestry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brabant-dna.org/joomla/ |language=Dutch |title=DNA-PROJECTEN – PROJETS ADN – DNA PROJECTS &bull; Forumoverzicht |url-status=dead |accessdate=31 July 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325141253/http://www.brabant-dna.org/joomla// |archivedate=25 March 2012 }}</ref> In that same year a study of 477 Brabant men found the following G percentages in these locations: [[North Brabant]] 3.1%, [[Antwerp]] 2.8%, [[Campine]] 2.6%, [[Mechelen]] 4.8% and [[Flemish Brabant]] 3.7%.<ref name="Larmuseau2010">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Larmuseau MH, Vanderheyden N, Jacobs M, etal |title=Micro-geographic distribution of Y-chromosomal variation in the central-western European region Brabant. |journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=95–9|date=October 2010 |pmid=21036685   |doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.08.020}}</ref>
===Belarus===
In a 2010 study of men from "Belarus," less than 1% of 196 samples was haplogroup G.<ref name="Behar2010"/>  A 2005 study had found that 1.5% of 68 [[Belarusians]] were G.<ref name="Kharkov2005">
{{cite journal  |vauthors=Khar'kov VN, Stepanov VA, Feshchenko SP, etal |title=[Frequencies of Y chromosome binary haplogroups in Belarusians]|journal=Genetika|volume=41|pages=1132–6|date=August 2005|pmid=16161635|issue=8|doi=10.1007/s11177-005-0182-x|s2cid=1357824}}</ref>
===Bosnia and Herzegovina===
Among 81 [[Serbs]] in [[Bosnia]], 1.2% were found to be G2a (P15+), and among 90 [[Croats]] in Bosnia none were G.<ref name="Battaglia2009"/> And in this same study among 84 Bosnians 3.6% were G2a (P15+).  In none of these groups was any G2a3a (M406+) found.
In another study among 69 samples in Bosnia, 4.4% were G, and according to Serbian DNA Project in [[Herzegovina]] is high point of G2a haplogroup. .<ref name="Pericic2006"/>
===Bulgaria===
In the big sample of 808 Bulgarians of Karachanak 4.6% are G2a<ref name="PereiraKarachanak2013">{{cite journal|last1=Pereira|first1=Luísa Maria Sousa Mesquita|last2=Karachanak|first2=Sena|last3=Grugni|first3=Viola|last4=Fornarino|first4=Simona|last5=Nesheva|first5=Desislava|last6=Al-Zahery|first6=Nadia|last7=Battaglia|first7=Vincenza|last8=Carossa|first8=Valeria|last9=Yordanov|first9=Yordan|last10=Torroni|first10=Antonio|last11=Galabov|first11=Angel S.|last12=Toncheva|first12=Draga|last13=Semino|first13=Ornella|title=Y-Chromosome Diversity in Modern Bulgarians: New Clues about Their Ancestry|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=3|year=2013|pages=e56779|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0056779|pmid=23483890|pmc=3590186|bibcode=2013PLoSO...856779K|doi-access=free}}</ref>
===Croatia===
Among 89 samples taken in [[Croatia]] in a 2009 study, 1.1% were G2a (P15+).<ref name="Battaglia2009"/> In this same study, 29 samples were taken separately in the far eastern city of [[Osijek]], and 13.8% were G2a (P15+). The G2a samples were also tested for G2a3a (M406), and none was found.
In another study from 2005, among 108 samples from 5 Croatian mainland locations, 0.9% were G.<ref name="Pericic2006">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Pericić M, Lauc LB, Klarić IM, etal |title=High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=1964–75 |date=October 2005 |pmid=15944443 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msi185|doi-access=free }}</ref>
In yet another study from 2003, among 99 samples on the Croatian mainland, less than 1% were G.  On the island of [[Krk]], among 74 samples, none were G; on the island of [[Brač]] 6% of 49 samples were G; on the island of [[Korčula]], 10.4% of 134 samples were G; and 1.1% of 91 samples on the island of [[Hvar]] were G.<ref name="Barac2003">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Barać L, Pericić M, Klarić IM, Rootsi S, Janićijević B, etal |title=Y chromosomal heritage of Croatian population and its island isolates |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=535–42 |date=July 2003 |pmid=12825075 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200992 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
In a 2009 study of [[Romani people|Roma]] [[Bayash]] men in Croatia, 10% of 96 men at [[Baranya (region)|Baranja]] in the east were G, but none of 55 men at [[Medjimurje]] in the north were G.<ref name="Klaric2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Klarić IM, Salihović MP, Lauc LB, etal |title=Dissecting the molecular architecture and origin of Bayash Romani patrilineages: genetic influences from South-Asia and the Balkans|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=138 |issue=3 |pages=333–42 |date=March 2009 |pmid=18785634 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20933}}</ref>
===Czech Republic===
Among 257 samples from the [[Czech Republic]], 5.1% were G and were overwhelmingly G2a (P15+).<ref name="Luca2006">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Luca F, Di Giacomo F, Benincasa T, etal |title=Y-chromosomal variation in the Czech Republic |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=132 |issue=1 |pages=132–9 |date=January 2007 |pmid=17078035 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20500|hdl=2108/35058 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
In another study, among 75 samples from Czechs, 4.0% were G2a (P15+).<ref name="Battaglia2009"/> None of these was G2a3a (M406+)
===Denmark===
A survey of the general population of [[Denmark]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 247 samples from there in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates 1.2% (n=3) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/> There are several additional samples that might be G.
===Estonia===
A survey of the general population of [[Estonia]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 133 samples from [[Tartu]] in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates none are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/> Several additional samples are borderline for being G.
===Finland===
A study found 5% of 40 samples from [[Ostrobothnia (region)|Ostrobothnia]] (Osterbotten) in Finland were G.<ref name="Karlsson2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Karlsson AO, Wallerström T, Götherström A, Holmlund G |title=Y-chromosome diversity in Sweden – a long-time perspective |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=963–70 |date=August 2006 |pmid=16724001 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201651|doi-access=free }}</ref>
A survey of the general population of Finland based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 399 samples from there in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates 0.5% (n=2) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/>
===France===
In a 2003 study, in 23 samples taken somewhere in [[France]] (2003), 0% were G, but 11.8% of 34 samples on the island of [[Corsica]] were G.<ref name="Francalacci2003">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Francalacci P, Morelli L, Underhill PA, etal |title=Peopling of three Mediterranean islands (Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily) inferred by Y-chromosome biallelic variability |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=121 |issue=3 |pages=270–9 |date=July 2003 |pmid=12772214 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.10265}}</ref>
A 2011 study found that among 51 men in [[Provence]] southeastern France, 8% were G with none G2a3a (M406+)<ref name="Provence2011"/>
An approximation method based on use of [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers from 109 samples from [[Paris]] in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates 1.8% (n=2) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/> And in 99 similar samples from [[Strasbourg]] in the far northeast, 4% (n=4) are G.
A 2006 study of the [[Finistère]] area at the tip of [[Brittany]] in western France, less than 1.2% of men were G and were found only in the port towns.<ref name="Rouault2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rouault K, Férec C |year=2006 |title=Analyse de Polymorphismes du Chromosome y dans la Population Finistérinne |journal=Médecine/Sciences |volume=22 |issue=Hors série no. 2 |pages=268 |url=https://assises-genetique.org/medias/files/Recueil2006.pdf |access-date=2020-09-12 |archive-date=2020-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001040244/https://assises-genetique.org/medias/files/Recueil2006.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===Germany===
A survey of the general population of [[Germany]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation method based on [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers in samples in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> using the Athey haplogroup predictor<ref name="Atheysite"/> indicates the following G percentages among samples from these German cities: (a) [[Freiburg]] in the southwest, 433 samples of which 4.4% (n=19) are G; (b) [[Munich]] in the southeast, 281 samples of which 5.3% (n=15) are G; (c) [[Chemnitz]] in the northeast. 820 samples of which 3.8% (n=31) are G.
===Greece===
In 76 samples taken somewhere in [[Greece]] (2003), 2.6% were G.<ref name="Francalacci2003" /> In 77 samples taken somewhere in Greece (2007), 9.1% were G.<ref name="FirasatGreek">{{cite journal |author=Firasat S, Khaliq S, Mohyuddin|title=Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=121–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17047675 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726 |pmc=2588664|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
In another study (2009)<ref name="Battaglia2009"/> 3.3% of 92 Greek samples were G. This 3.3% was composed of 1.1% G2a3a (M406+) and the remainder other types of G2a.
In a 2011 study, among 57 men at Nea Nikomedeia 4% were G with none G2a3a (M406+) and among 57 at [[Sesklo]]/[[Dimini]] 4% were G2a3a and additional unspecified G men were 2%.  And on the [[Peloponnese]], of 57 men in the area of [[Lerna (municipal unit)|Lerna]]/Franchtihi Cave, 4% were G2a3a and 2% other G.<ref name="Provence2011"/>
Among 193 samples (2008) taken on the island of '''[[Crete]],''' 10.9% were G.  Among 57 samples taken on the Peloponnese, 5.3% were G.  And at several mainland Greek sites, 4.4% were G.<ref name="King2008">{{cite journal |author=King, R.|title=A Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=72 |issue=Pt.2 |pages=205–14 |year=2008 |pmid=18269686 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00414.x|s2cid=22406638 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>
Another study that focused on Crete (2007), found 7.7% of 104 samples in the central part of the island were G, and that 6.3% of 64 samples on the eastern end were G.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal |author=Martinez, L.|title=Paleolithic Y-haplogroup heritage predominates in a Cretan highland plateau |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=485–93 |year=2007 |pmid=17264870 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201769|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Greenland===
A survey of the general population of [[Greenland]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 342 samples from there in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates none are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/>
===Hungary===
In 100 samples taken in [[Hungary]], 3.0% were found to G, and all were G2a (P15+).<ref name="Csanyi2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Csányi B, Bogácsi-Szabó E, Tömöry G, etal |title=Y-chromosome analysis of ancient Hungarian and two modern Hungarian-speaking populations from the Carpathian Basin |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=72 |issue=Pt 4 |pages=519–34 |date=July 2008 |pmid=18373723 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00440.x|s2cid=13217908 }}</ref>
In another study, among 53 samples from Hungary, 1.9% were G2a (P15+).<ref name="Battaglia2009"/> None of these were G2a3a (M406+)
In a 2008 study of 215 Hungarians, G2a (P15+) was found in 4%, and found also in 2% of Hungarian [[Romani people|Roma]].  No G1 reported.<ref name="Volgyi2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Völgyi A, Zalán A, Szvetnik E, Pamjav H |title=Hungarian population data for 11 Y-STR and 49 Y-SNP markers|journal=Forensic Science International |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=27–8 |date=March 2008 |pmid=19215861 |doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.04.006}}</ref>
===Iceland===
A survey of the general population of [[Iceland]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 100 samples from there in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates none are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/>
===Ireland===
Among 796 samples taken in all areas of [[Ireland]], none were G.<ref name="Moore2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moore LT, McEvoy B, Cape E, Simms K, Bradley DG |title=A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=334–8 |date=February 2006 |pmid=16358217 |pmc=1380239 |doi=10.1086/500055}}</ref> The actual figure in the population is certainly not zero because there are dozens of samples from Irish ancestry persons in various databases.
===Italy===
In a large 2007 study of 11 regions of peninsular [[Italy]] and [[Elba]],<ref name="Capelli2007">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Capelli C, Brisighelli F, Scarnicci F, etal |title=Y chromosome genetic variation in the Italian peninsula is clinal and supports an admixture model for the Mesolithic-Neolithic encounter |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=228–39 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17275346 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.030}}</ref> 10.7% of 699 samples were G.  The authors did not sample the northwestern Milan area and the high mountains of the central north.  The Val Badia samples in the far northeast of Italy had an atypical low 3% of 34 samples.  The other areas all ranged 7% to 15% G. [[Elba]] had 11% of 95 samples as G.
A 2003 study of Italy had found 11.8% of 51 samples in [[Sicily]]; 8.1% of 37 samples in [[Calabria]]; 14.1% of 78 samples in [[Sardinia]]; and 10% of 50 samples in north central Italy were G.<ref name="Francalacci2003"/>
In another 202 samples taken in Sardinia 13.9% were G.<ref name="Zei2003">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Zei G, Lisa A, Fiorani O, etal |title=From surnames to the history of Y chromosomes: the Sardinian population as a paradigm |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=11 |issue=10 |pages=802–7 |date=October 2003 |pmid=14512971 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201040|doi-access=free }}</ref> The authors noted the percentage at the sampled sites in the north of the island were 10.4% G, in the central-eastern area 11.1% but only 6.5% in the southwestern area.
And another Sardinian study of 930 males found 12.6% as G.  Among a subgroup of these 930 where geographical information was available, the percentage on the southeastern coast was 13.9%; on the northeastern coast 20.9% and 13.9% in the inland central area.<ref name="Contu2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Contu D, Morelli L, Santoni F, Foster JW, Francalacci P, Cucca F|title=Y-Chromosome Based Evidence for Pre-Neolithic Origin of the Genetically Homogeneous but Diverse Sardinian Population: Inference for Association Scans |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=e1430 |year=2008 |pmid=18183308 |pmc=2174525 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0001430|bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.1430C |editor1-last=Hawks |editor1-first=John |doi-access=free }}</ref> This study indicated an unusual percentage of G men there with STR marker value of 23 at DYS390—a percentage not seen in continental Europe where the 23 value is uncommon.
In another Sardinian study confined to towns in the northern sector of the island, 14% of 100 samples were all found to be G2a (P15+) based only on a probability calculation.<ref name="Ghiani2009">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghiani ME, Mameli A, Piras G, Berti A, Calo CM, Vona G |title=Population data for Y-chromosome haplotypes defined by AmpFlSTR YFiler PCR amplification kit in North Sardinia (Italy) |journal=Collegium Antropologicum |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=643–51 |date=June 2009 |pmid=19662792}}</ref> The G2 category as represented by P15 became G2a in the period in which this study was conducted. The men were predicted just "G2" in the study. But P15 (now G2a) was probably the intended category.
A study that sampled only northeastern Italy found 11.3% G2a (P15+) among 67 samples.<ref name="Battaglia2009"/> None of these were G2a3a (M406+).
A study that focused on the northeastern coast of Italy south of [[Venice]], found among 163 samples that 8.6% were G.<ref name="Ferri2007">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Ferri G, Ceccardi S, Lugaresi F, etal |title=Male haplotypes and haplogroups differences between urban (Rimini) and rural area (Valmarecchia) in Romagna region (North Italy) |journal=Forensic Science International |volume=175 |issue=2–3 |pages=250–5 |date=March 2008 |pmid=17629646 |doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.06.007}}</ref>
A study that concentrated on 19 upland areas in the Marches region of central Italy found 7.4% G among 162 samples.<ref name="Onofri2007">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Onofri V, Alessandrini F, Turchi C, etal |title=Y-chromosome genetic structure in sub-Apennine populations of Central Italy by SNP and STR analysis |journal=International Journal of Legal Medicine |volume=121 |issue=3 |pages=234–7 |date=May 2007 |pmid=17287987 |doi=10.1007/s00414-007-0153-y|s2cid=206976345 }}</ref>
A study that concentrated on [[Sicily]] found among 236 samples 5.9% were G.<ref name="DiGaetano2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Di Gaetano C, Cerutti N, Crobu F, etal |title=Differential Greek and northern African migrations to Sicily are supported by genetic evidence from the Y chromosome |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=91–9 |date=January 2009 |pmid=18685561 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2008.120 |pmc=2985948}}</ref> This 5.9% figure was divided into 5.5% G2a (P15+) and the remainder other types of G.  There were notable high G2a percentages in [[Caccamo]] (25% of 16 samples), in [[Troina]] (13.3% of 30 samples) and in [[Sciacca]] (10.7% of 27 samples).
A 2011 study found 10% of 40 Albanian-speaking [[Arbëreshë people|Arbëreshë]] men in [[Calabria]], Italy were G.
<ref name="Boattini2011">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Boattini A, Luiselli D, Sazzini M, etal |title=Linking Italy and the Balkans. A Y-Chromosome Perspective from the Arbereshe of Calabria |journal=Annals of Human Biology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=59–68 |date=January 2011 |pmid=20569043  |doi=10.3109/03014460.2010.491837|s2cid=40945350 }}</ref>
===Kosovo===
Among 113 samples taken among [[Albanians]] in Kosovo, none were G.<ref name="Pericic2006"/>
===Latvia===
A survey of the general population of [[Latvia]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 145 samples from [[Riga]] in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates none are definitively G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/> Several samples are possibly G.
===Lithuania===
A survey of the general population of [[Lithuania]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 157 samples from [[Vilnius]] in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates 1.3% (n=2) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/> One additional sample is borderline for being G.
===North Macedonia===
In a general study of North Macedonia, 5.1% of 79 samples were G.<ref name="Pericic2006"/> This study also found among 57 [[Romani people|Romani]] in North Macedonia none were G. Another study sampled [[Albanians]] in North Macedonia, 1.6% of 64 samples were G2a (P15+) but not G2a3a (M406+).<ref name="Battaglia2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Battaglia V, Fornarino S, Al-Zahery N, etal |title=Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=820–30 |date=June 2009 |pmid=19107149 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2008.249 |pmc=2947100}}</ref>
===Malta===
In 187 samples taken in [[Malta]], 8% were G.<ref name="ZallouaPhoenician"/>
===Moldova===
In 89 samples taken among the Turkic-speaking [[Gagauz people|Gagauzes]] of southern [[Moldova]] 13.5% were G.<ref name="Varzari2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Varzari A, Kharkov V, Stephan W, etal |title=Searching for the origin of Gagauzes: inferences from Y-chromosome analysis |journal=American Journal of Human Biology |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=326–36 |year=2009 |pmid=19107901 |doi=10.1002/ajhb.20863|s2cid=13952729 }}</ref>
===Netherlands===
A survey of the general population of the [[Netherlands]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 211 samples from there in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates 4.3% (n=9) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/>
===Norway===
A survey of the general population of [[Norway]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 230 samples from there in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates 1.3% (n=3) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/> Several additional samples are borderline for being G.
===Poland===
Among 99 samples taken in [[Poland]], 0% were found to be G.<ref name="Battaglia2009"/>
Additional information is available in the form of approximations based on the Polish [[short tandem repeat|STR]]-marker samples in the YHRD database.<ref name="YHRD site"/> The G samples were identified using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/> Among 182 samples taken in the general population at [[Białystok]] in the northeast, 0.5% (n=1) were G. At this same locale among [[Belarusians]] 0.6% (n=1) of 157 samples were G; among 129 [[Old Believers]] none were G; among 124 [[Tatars]] 0.8% (n=1) were G. In the northwest at [[Szczecin]] among 105 samples 1% (n=1) was G. In the south at [[Kraków]] among 207 samples, 0.5% (n=1) were G. In the southeast at [[Lublin]] among 246 samples, 0.5% (n=1) were G.
===Portugal===
In 60 samples taken in northern [[Portugal]] in a 2008 study, 12% were found to be G, and 9% of 78 samples in the south of the country were G in a 2008 study.<ref name="Adams2008"/>
In a 2004 study, among 109 samples taken in northern Portugal, 7.3% were G.<ref name="Flores2004">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Flores C, Maca-Meyer N, González AM, etal |title=Reduced genetic structure of the Iberian peninsula revealed by Y-chromosome analysis: implications for population demography |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=12 |issue=10 |pages=855–63 |date=October 2004 |pmid=15280900 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201225|doi-access=free }}</ref>  In a 2005 study, 5.5% of 657 Portuguese men at 18 locations were G. The highest percentage was recorded in [[Évora]] in the east central area (29 samples), and at the other extreme none found at [[Viseu]] (30 samples) and [[Beja (Portugal)|Beja]] (8 samples), north and south respectively of the other town.<ref name="Beleza2005">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Beleza S, Gusmão L, Lopes A, etal |title=Micro-Phylogeopgraphic and Demographic History of Portuguese Lineages|journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=70 |issue=Pt 2 |pages=181–94 |date=March 2005 |pmid=16626329 |doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00221.x |s2cid=4652154}}</ref>
In a 2005 Portuguese study that also included the Atlantic islands, 3.1% of samples in [[Madeira]] were G, and 8.3% of 121 samples from the [[Azores]] were G.  In northern Portugal, 5% of 101 samples were G; in central Portugal 7.8% of 102 samples were G; and 7% of 100 samples in southern Portugal.<ref name="Goncalves2005">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Gonçalves R, Freitas A, Branco M, etal |title=Y-chromosome lineages from Portugal, Madeira and Açores record elements of Sephardim and Berber ancestry |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=69 |issue=Pt 4 |pages=443–54 |date=July 2005 |pmid=15996172 |doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00161.x|hdl=10400.13/3018 |s2cid=3229760 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
In a 2008 study of Portuguese [[Romani people|Roma]], of 126 men sampled less than 1% was G.<ref name="Gusmão2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Gusmão A, Gusmão L, Gomes V, etal |title=A perspective on the history of the Iberian gypsies provided by phylogeographic analysis of Y-chromosome lineages |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=72 |issue=Pt 2 |pages=215–27 |date=March 2008 |pmid=18205888 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00421.x|s2cid=36365458 }}</ref> In a 2010 study of northeastern Portuguese [[Jews]], 3.5% of 57 men from [[Trás-os-Montes (region)|Trás-os-Montes]] were G as compared to 3.3% of 30 non-Jewish men from the same area.<ref name="Nogueiro2010">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Nogueiro I, Manco L, Gomes V, etal |title=Phylogeographic analysis of paternal lineages in NE Portuguese Jewish communities|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=141 |issue=3 |pages=373–81 |date=March 2010 |pmid=19918998 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.21154|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Romania===
In 97 samples taken among Hungarian-speaking [[Szeklers]] in Transylvania in [[Romania]], 5.2% were found to G, and all were G2a (P15+).<ref name="Csanyi2008"/>
In a more general survey of the Romanian population based on 102 samples of [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> 2.0% (n=2) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/> One additional sample is borderline for being G.
===Russian Federation [European portion]===
In a 2008 study,<ref name="Balanovsky2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Balanovsky O, Rootsi S, Pshenichnov A, etal |title=Two Sources of the Russian Patrilineal Heritage in Their Eurasian Context |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=82 |issue=1 |pages=236–50 |date=January 2008 |pmid=18179905 |pmc=2253976 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.019}}</ref> 259 samples taken in three areas in the northernmost third of European [[Russia]] (ethnic Russians/[[Pomors]]), about 1% were G2a (P15+) and 0% G1. In 246 samples from three areas in the central third  of European Russia about 1% were G, with more G1 men than G2a found. In 132 samples from two areas near the border with [[Latvia]] and [[Estonia]] 0% were G.  In 107 samples from [[Roslavl]] area near the border with [[Belarus]], 0% were G. In 394 samples from four areas near the border with [[Ukraine]] about 1% were G2a and 0% G1. And in 90 samples from among the [[Kuban Cossacks]] in the south, 1.1% were G2a and 0% G1.
And in a 2006 study<ref name="Derenko2006"/> of 414 samples presumably from western Russia (according to a map provided) 1.2% were G.  In this same study among 68 [[Kalmyks]] (a people of Mongolian origin) who live near the [[Caspian Sea]] in the south of western Russia, none were G.  In another study of the [[Kalmyk people|Kalmyks]] in the Russian Republic of [[Kalmykia]]  the authors found 1% G among 99 samples.<ref name="NasidzeKalmyk">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nasidze I, Quinque D, Dupanloup I, Cordaux R, Kokshunova L, Stoneking M |title=Genetic evidence for the Mongolian ancestry of Kalmyks |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=128 |issue=4 |pages=846–54 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16028228 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20159}}</ref>
Another study in 2008<ref name="Fechner2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Fechner A, Quinque D, Rychkov S, etal |title=Boundaries and clines in the West Eurasian Y-chromosome landscape: insights from the European part of Russia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=137 |issue=1 |pages=41–7 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18470899 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20838}}</ref> reported on 545 samples from 12 locations in western Russia.  Of these, 1.8% of the samples were G. The highest percentage was 9.5% of 42 samples in [[Oryol Oblast|Orlovskaja Oblast]], east of [[Belarus]] and north of [[Ukraine]].
In a study that sampled 116 men of [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]] origin, 1.7% were haplogroup G.<ref name="Behar2010"/>
===Serbia===
*Among 113 samples taken in [[Belgrade]], none were G (Peričić et al. 2006).<ref name="Pericic2006"/>
*Among 179 samples taken, 2.2% were G (Mirabal et al. 2010).
===Slovenia===
Among 75 samples taken in [[Slovenia]] 2.6% were G.  This 2.6% was composed of 1.3% G2a3a (M406+) and 1.3% other types of G2a.<ref name="Battaglia2009"/>
===Spain===
Among 24 samples taken in the northeastern corner of [[Spain]] in a 2003 study, 8.3% were G.<ref name="Francalacci2003"/> In a larger 2008 study covering about 600 mainland Spanish samples outside the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque]] area, the average was about 5% G with the highest percentage recorded in [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (10%), and the lowest in parts of [[Andalusia]] and [[Castile and León|Castile]] (3%).<ref name="Adams2008"/>
In a 2004 study, among 258 samples taken in 5 populations in southern Spain, about 3% were G.<ref name="Flores2004"/> This same study found in 3 populations in northwestern Spain among 149 samples, about 7% were G, and in the northeastern quarter of Spain in two populations none of 52 samples were G.
Among 221 samples from [[Basque people]] in Spain in a 2008 study, 1.4% were G.<ref name="Alonso2005">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Alonso S, Flores C, Cabrera V, etal |title=The place of the Basques in the European Y-chromosome diversity landscape |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=1293–302 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16094307 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201482|doi-access=free }}</ref>  Of these 168 were living in the three Basque provinces.  All were G2a (P15+).  Another study found 0% of 116 samples in Basque country were G.<ref name="Adams2008"/>
In a 2003 study only of [[Cantabria]] just west of the [[Basque Autonomous Community]] in northwestern Spain, 7.6% of 118 samples from 3 groupings were G.<ref name="Maca2003">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Maca-Meyer N, Sánchez-Velasco P, Flores C, etal |title=Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA characterization of Pasiegos, a human isolate from Cantabria (Spain) |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=67 |issue=Pt 4 |pages=329–39 |date=July 2003 |pmid=12914567 |doi=10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00045.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.584.4253 |s2cid=40355653 }}</ref>
A 2009 study of 169 samples from the [[Pyrenees Mountains]] in the northeast found almost 2% were G.<ref name="Pyrenees2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=López-Parra AM, Gusmão L, Tavares L, etal |title=In search of the pre- and post-neolithic genetic substrates in Iberia: evidence from Y-chromosome in Pyrenean populations |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=42–53 |date=January 2009 |pmid=18803634  |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00478.x |s2cid=43273988 }}</ref>
A 2009 study only of [[Andalusia]] in southern Spain found that 2.1% of Andalusians were G.  And of 68 separate samples specifically from the Pedroches Valley (Valle de los Pedroches) in Andalusia 2.9% were G.<ref name="Alvarez2009"/>
In the '''[[Balearic Islands]]''' 6% of 62 samples in Majorca were G; 0% of 37 samples in Minorca were G, but 13% of 54 samples in Ibiza were G in a 2008 study.<ref name="Adams2008"/>
===Sweden===
Among 305 samples taken in seven regions of [[Sweden]] in a 2006 study, 1.6% were G.  The authors also found 0% G in 38 samples from nomadic [[Sami people|Saami]] men of Sweden.<ref name="Karlsson2006"/>  In a 2009 study, which totaled 883 Swedish samples, no G was found in the regions of [[Norrland]] in the north and [[Götaland]] on the southern end.  But in the central [[Svealand]] area 2.8% of 394 samples were G.  If [[Stockholm]] is excluded, the percentage increases to 3.7% among 166 samples. While specific Svealand locations were typically 0–1% G, [[Uppsala]] on the east central coast showed 12.1% but based on only 33 samples.<ref name="Lappalainen2009">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Lappalainen T, Hannelius U, Salmela E, etal |title=Population structure in contemporary Sweden—a Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA analysis|journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=61–73|date=January 2008 |pmid=19040656 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00487.x |s2cid=205598345}}</ref>
===Switzerland===
A survey of the general population of [[Switzerland]] based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 348 samples from there in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates 4.3% (n=15) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/> An additional sample is borderline for being G.
===United Kingdom===
A survey of the general population of the Great Britain for G based on testing of [[SNPs]] is lacking, but an approximation based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates 3.4% (n=8) of 285 samples from [[London]] are G and 1% (n=1) of 97 samples from [[Birmingham]] are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/>
===Ukraine===
Among 92 samples taken in [[Ukraine]], 3.3% were found G2a (P15+).<ref name="Battaglia2009"/> None of these belonged to G2a3a (M406+).
An approximation of [[Single-nucleotide polymorphism|SNP]] results based on the [[short tandem repeat|STR]] markers of 183 samples from [[Kyiv]] in the YHRD database<ref name="YHRD site"/> indicates 1.1% (n=2) are G using the Athey haplogroup predictor.<ref name="Atheysite"/>
==Australia & Pacific Islands==
===Australia===
Among 33 samples taken among [[Australian Aborigines]] of [[Australia]], 0% were G.
<ref name="Hammer2006"/>
===Cook Islands===
Among 77 samples taken in the [[Cook Islands]] none were G.<ref name="Kayser2008"/>
===Fiji Islands===
Among 105 samples taken in [[Fiji]] none were listed as G.<ref name="Kayser2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Kayser M, Choi Y, van Oven M, etal |title=The impact of the Austronesian expansion: evidence from mtDNA and Y chromosome diversity in the Admiralty Islands of Melanesia |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=1362–74 |date=July 2008 |pmid=18390477 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msn078|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Niue===
Among 9 samples taken in [[Niue]] none were G.<ref name="Kayser2008"/>
===Philippines===
In 48 samples taken in the [[Philippines]] 0% were G.<ref name="Karafet2005"/>
===Samoa===
Among 61 samples taken in [[Samoa]] none were G.<ref name="Kayser2008"/>
===Solomon Islands===
Among 30 samples gathered in the [[Solomon Islands]] none were G.<ref name="Cox2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cox MP, Mirazón Lahr M |title=Y-chromosome diversity is inversely associated with language affiliation in paired Austronesian- and Papuan-speaking communities from Solomon Islands |journal=American Journal of Human Biology |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=35–50 |date=January 2006 |pmid=16378340 |doi=10.1002/ajhb.20459|s2cid=4824401 }}</ref>
===Tokelau===
Among 6 samples taken in [[Tokelau]], none were G.<ref name="Kayser2008"/>
===Tonga===
Among 29 samples taken in [[Tonga]], none were G.<ref name="Kayser2008"/>
===Tuvalu===
Among 100 samples taken in [[Tuvalu]] none were G.<ref name="Kayser2008"/>
===Wallis and Futuna===
Among 50 samples taken in East [[Futuna Island, Wallis and Futuna|Futuna]], none were G.<ref name="Kayser2008"/>
==North America and the Caribbean==
===Cuba===
Among 245 men sampled in [[Cuba]], 6.1% were G.<ref name="Mendizabal2008">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Mendizabal I, Sandoval K, Berniell-Lee G, etal |title=Genetic origin, admixture, and asymmetry in maternal and paternal human lineages in Cuba |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=8|pages=213 |year=2008 |issue=1 |pmid=18644108 |pmc=2492877 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-8-213 |bibcode=2008BMCEE...8..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref>
===United States===
Among 2517 persons in the [[United States of America]] from a wide variety of locales, 2.5% were found to be G.  When restricted to those with European ancestry the percentage rises to about 4%.  African-Americans were about 1% G, and Native Americans 0.3%.<ref name="Hammer2005">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Hammer MF, Chamberlain VF, Kearney VF, etal |title=Population structure of Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in the United States and forensic implications for constructing Y chromosome STR databases |journal=Forensic Science International |volume=164 |issue=1 |pages=45–55 |date=December 2006 |pmid=16337103 |doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.013}}</ref>
==South America==
===Brazil===
In a study of 48 [[Aparai people|Apalai]] men from the [[Amazon Rainforest|Amazon]] in [[Brazil]] none were G.<ref name="Mazieres2007"/>
In a 2015 study, they investigated a set of 41 Y-SNPs in 1217 unrelated males from the five Brazilian geopolitical regions, aiming to disclose the genetic structure of male lineages in the country. Haplogroup G-M201 was found to be 5.1% of this study.
<ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0152573|doi-access = free|title = Male Lineages in Brazil: Intercontinental Admixture and Stratification of the European Background|year = 2016|last1 = Resque|first1 = Rafael|last2 = Gusmão|first2 = Leonor|last3 = Geppert|first3 = Maria|last4 = Roewer|first4 = Lutz|last5 = Palha|first5 = Teresinha|last6 = Alvarez|first6 = Luis|last7 = Ribeiro-Dos-Santos|first7 = Ândrea|last8 = Santos|first8 = Sidney|journal = PLOS ONE|volume = 11|issue = 4|pages = e0152573|pmid = 27046235|pmc = 4821637|bibcode = 2016PLoSO..1152573R}}</ref>
===French Guiana===
In a study of 103 men from 4 Native American groups in [[French Guiana]] none were G.<ref name="Mazieres2007">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Mazières S, Guitard E, Crubézy E, etal |title=Uniparental (mtDNA, Y-chromosome) polymorphisms in French Guiana and two related populations—implications for the region's colonization |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=72 |issue=Pt 1 |pages=145–56 |date=January 2008 |pmid=17725814 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00392.x|hdl=10183/27439 |s2cid=39724633 |url=http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=564370 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>{{why|date=August 2013}}
===Peru===
In a study of 28 [[Machiguenga]] men from south inland [[Peru]] none were G.<ref name="Mazieres2007"/>{{why|date=August 2013}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==See also==
*[[Genetic genealogy]]
*[[Haplogroup G (Y-DNA)]]
*[[Haplogroup G1 (Y-DNA)]]
*[[Haplogroup G2a3a (Y-DNA)]]
*[[Haplogroup G2a3b1 (Y-DNA)]]
*[[Haplogroup G2b (Y-DNA)]]
*[[Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Y-DNA Haplogroup Frequencies for Hg G}}
[[Category:Genetics by country]]
[[Category:Human Y-DNA haplogroups|* Population Frequencies]]