View source for Harir, Iraq

{{Distinguish|Harir, Iran}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Harir
|native_name            = ھەریر
|settlement_type        = Town
|image_skyline          = Harir.jpg
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          =
|pushpin_map            = Iraq#Iraqi Kurdistan
|pushpin_label_position = right
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in Iraq
|subdivision_type       = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Iraq}}
|subdivision_type1      = Region
|subdivision_name1      ={{flag|Kurdistan Region}}
|subdivision_type2      = [[Governorates of Iraq|Governorate]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Erbil Governorate]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Districts of Iraq|District]]
|subdivision_name3      = [[Shaqlawa District]]
|subdivision_type4      = [[Subdistricts of Iraq|Sub-district]]
|subdivision_name4      = Harir
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|established_title      =
|established_date       =
|area_total_km2           =
| population_footnotes            = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/KRSO_IOM_UNFPA_Demographic_Survey_Kurdistan_Region_of_Iraq.pdf|title=Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Demographic Survey|author1=Ali Sindi|author2=Ramanathan Balakrishnan|author3=Gerard Waite|publisher=[[International Organization for Migration]]|access-date=5 September 2021|date=July 2018|website=[[ReliefWeb]]|page=74}}</ref>
| population_urban                = 28518
| population_as_of                = 2014
| population_blank1_title         = Rural
| population_blank1               = 9954
|timezone=
|utc_offset=
|timezone_DST=
|utc_offset_DST=
|coordinates            = {{coord|36.5517|N|44.3516|E|source:wikidata|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes    =
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_ft           =
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Harir''' ({{langx|ku|ھەریر|Herîr}}) is a town and sub-district in [[Erbil Governorate]] in [[Kurdistan Region]], [[Iraq]]. The town is located in the [[Shaqlawa District]].
In the town, there was a church of [[Mar (title)|Mar]] Yohanna.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|pp=276–277}}
==History==
According to the [[Yazidis|Yazidi]] [[Yazidism|tradition]], the ruler (Mîr) of Harîr was Pîr Hesinmeman (Pir Hassan ibn Mam), who was one of the close companions of [[Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir|Sheikh Adi]] and is considered Pîr of forty Pîrs ('''Pîrê çil Pîra''<nowiki/>') and head of the [[Yazidi social organization#Pîr|Pîr caste]]. Initially, upon hearing about Sheikh Adi's arrival, Pîr Hesinmeman declared a war on him with his 700 riders and decided to banish him. But when he came to [[Lalish]] and saw the dervish dressed in the garment, i.e. Sheikh Adi, he had a vision, after which he left worldly life and became a disciple of Sheikh Adi. The settlement of [[Salahaddin, Erbil|Salahaddin]], where the residence of [[Masoud Barzani]] is situated, is believed to have been the ancestral estate of Pir Hassan ibn Mam (other name - Pir Mam).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia |last2=Pirbari |first2=Dimitri V. |last3=Mossaki |first3=Nodar Z. |last4=Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia |date=2022 |title=A Yezidi Manuscript – Mišūr of Pir Amar Qubaysi, its study and critical analysis |url=http://eas20188.org/arhiv-nomerov/send/38-tom5n3/1493-a-yezidi-manuscrip.html |journal=Eurasian Arabic Studies |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=66–87 |doi=10.26907/2619-1261.2022.5.3.66-87|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pirbari |first1=Dimitri |last2=Mossaki |first2=Nodar |last3=Yezdin |first3=Mirza Sileman |date=March 2020 |title=A Yezidi Manuscript:—Mišūr of P'īr Sīnī Bahrī/P'īr Sīnī Dārānī, Its Study and Critical Analysis |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0021086200040366/type/journal_article |journal=Iranian Studies |language=en |volume=53 |issue=1–2 |pages=223–257 |doi=10.1080/00210862.2019.1669118 |issn=0021-0862}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755624423 |title=The Yezidis |date=2010 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-1-78453-216-1 |editor-last=Açikyildiz |editor-first=Birgül |pages=94|doi=10.5040/9780755624423 }}</ref>
Harir is mentioned by [[Evliya Çelebi]] in ''[[Seyahatnâme]]'' in the 17th century as part of [[Kurdistan]].{{sfnp|Hamza|2020|p=208}} The district was ruled by [[Mir Xanzad]] of the [[Soran Emirate]] during the reign of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Sultan]] [[Murad IV]] ({{reign|1623|1640}}).{{sfnp|Bengio|2016|p=32}} The town was rebuilt in 1928 by [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] refugees, all of whom were adherents of the [[Church of the East]] and were originally from [[Şemdinli, Hakkâri|Shemsdin]] in the [[Hakkari (historical region)|Hakkari]] mountains in [[Turkey]], after they had departed the refugee camp at [[Baqubah]] in the aftermath of the [[Assyrian genocide]] in the [[First World War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.shlama.org/population?fbclid=IwAR0rMdQbvDzjzV0_CIWBCjOGCU4OSVLrbsltgKijiY1fqYC2H6VAoQ8hJ8M|title=Population Project|website=Shlama Foundation|access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref> The church of [[Mar (title)|Mar]] Yohanna was built soon after.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|pp=276–277}}
By 1938, Harir was inhabited by 485 Assyrians in 78 families.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|pp=276–277}} The town was destroyed and its population displaced by pro-government militia, who settled at Harir, in 1963 during the [[First Iraqi–Kurdish War]], prior to which there were over 90 Assyrian households.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|pp=158, 276–277}} The discovery of a mass grave, in which 37 Assyrians from Harir were buried, was announced by [[Kurdistan Regional Government]]'s Minister of Human Rights on 18 February 2006.{{sfnp|Donabed|2015|pp=276–277}}
A [[concentration camp]] was later established at Harir by the [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraqi government]] and used to intern over 300 Kurdish families of the [[Barzani (tribe)|Barzani]] tribe from the village of Argush who were forcibly deported there on 26 June 1978.{{sfnp|Sadiq|2021|p=103}} Amidst the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], over one thousand paratroopers of the [[United States of America|US]] [[173rd Airborne Brigade]] landed at the airfield at Harir via airdrop on 26 March as part of [[Operation Northern Delay]].{{sfnp|Shareef|2014|p=159}}
==Notable people==
*[[Ali Hariri]] (1425–{{circa|1495}}), Kurdish poet
*[[Franso Hariri]] (1937–2001), Assyrian politician
*[[Fawzi Hariri]] (born 1958), Assyrian politician
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Bengio|first=Ofra|date=2016|title=Game Changers: Kurdish Women in Peace and War|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43698618|journal=[[The Middle East Journal]]|volume=70|issue=1 |pages=30–46|doi=10.3751/70.1.12 |jstor=43698618 |s2cid=147356285 }}
*{{cite book | last1 =Donabed| first1 = Sargon George |date=2015 |title=Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Edinburgh University Press}}
*{{cite book | last1 =Hamza| first1 = Ahmed Y. |date=2020|chapter=A Contemporary Political History of the Kurds in Iran|title=The Kurds in the Middle East: Enduring Problems and New Dynamics|publisher=Lexington Books|pages=207–228|editor1=Mehmet Gurses|editor2=David Romano|editor3=Michael M. Gunter}}
*{{cite book | last1 =Sadiq| first1 = Ibrahim|date=2021|title=Origins of the Kurdish Genocide: Nation Building and Genocide as a Civilizing and De-Civilizing Process|publisher=Lexington Books}}
*{{cite book | last1 =Shareef| first1 = Mohammed |date=2014|title=The United States, Iraq and the Kurds: Shock, Awe and Aftermath|publisher=Routledge}}
{{div col end}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Historic Assyrian communities in Iraq]]
[[Category:Populated places in Erbil Governorate]]
[[Category:Kurdish settlements in Iraq]]
[[Category:Subdistricts of Iraq]]
[[Category:Yazidi history]]
{{Kurdistan-geo-stub}}
{{Iraq-geo-stub}}