View source for Havířov

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Havířov
| other_name              =
| settlement_type         = [[Statutory city (Czech Republic)|Statutory city]]
<!-- images -->
| image_skyline           = Havirov sq02.JPG
| image_caption           = Republiky Square in the city centre
| image_flag              = Flag of Havířov.svg
| image_shield            = Coat of arms of Havířov.svg
| image_blank_emblem      = Havířov Logo.png
| blank_emblem_type       = [[Wordmark]]
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{CZE}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Moravian-Silesian Region|Moravian-Silesian]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Karviná District|Karviná]]
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map               =
| map_caption             =
| pushpin_map             = Czech Republic
| pushpin_relief          = 1
| pushpin_label_position  = left
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the Czech Republic
| coordinates             = {{coord|49|46|59|N|18|25|22|E|display=inline,title}}
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name             = Josef Bělica
| leader_party            = [[ANO 2011|ANO]]
<!-- established -->
| established_title       = Founded
| established_date        = 1955
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 32.08
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             = 260
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = 2024-01-01
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref>
| population_total        = 69694
| population_density_km2  = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 736 01
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               =
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = {{URL|https://www.havirov-city.cz/}}
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Havířov''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈɦaviːr̝of|-|Havirov.ogg}}) is a city in [[Karviná District]] in the [[Moravian-Silesian Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 70,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the region. Havířov was founded in 1955 and is the youngest Czech city. It is an industrial city, historically associated with hard coal mining in the region.
==Administrative division==
Havířov is made up of eight administrative parts:<ref>{{cite web |title=Části obcí|url=http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce|work=Územně identifikační registr ČR|language=cs|access-date=2023-11-14}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=10em}}
*[[Dolní Bludovice|Bludovice]]
*[[Dolní Datyně]]
*[[Dolní Suchá]]
*Město
*Podlesí
*[[Prostřední Suchá]]
*[[Šumbark]]
*[[Životice (Havířov)|Životice]]
{{div col end}}
==Etymology==
In a competition to name the city in 1956, various names were suggested, such as [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]], Gottwaldův Horníkov (after [[Klement Gottwald]]), Zápotockýgrad (after [[Antonín Zápotocký]]) and "Čestprácov" (derived from the Socialist-era greeting ''čest práci''). Eventually it was decided that the city should be named Havířov (from ''havíř'', i.e. 'miner', with the possessive suffix -ov).<ref>{{cite web |title=Havířov má šedesát let. Mohl to být také Gottwaldův Horníkov|url=https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/domaci/1630732-havirov-ma-sedesat-let-mohl-byt-take-gottwalduv-hornikov|publisher=[[Czech Television]]|language=cs|access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref>
==Geography==
Havířov is located about {{convert|8|km|0}} east of [[Ostrava]] and is urbanistically fused with neighbouring [[Šenov]]. It lies in the historical region of [[Cieszyn Silesia]]. It lies mostly in the [[Ostrava Basin]] lowland, but in the south, the municipal territory also extends into the [[Moravian-Silesian Foothills]]. The [[Lučina (river)|Lučina]] River flows through the town.
==History==
[[File:Havířov - Hlavní třída.jpg|thumb|The main boulevard]]
The first written mention of settlements in today's Havířov area is from 1305 (Horní Suchá and Dolní Suchá). Bludovice was first mentioned in 1335 and Šumbark in 1438.<ref name=history/>
Havířov was founded on top of several villages with significant [[Polish minority in the Czech Republic|Polish populations]] after the World War II as a [[coal mining]] town to restore [[Anthracite|hard coal]] mining in the region. Building of first housing estates for miners and their families began in 1947. Havířov was officially established in 1955 and in the same year received the status of a town.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie a současnost|url=https://www.havirov-city.cz/historie-soucasnost/historie-soucasnost/historie-soucasnost|publisher=City of Havířov|language=cs|access-date=2021-05-11}}</ref>
Today, the original villages are administrative parts of the city and mostly lie on the outskirts of urban Havířov. In 1975–1990, [[Horní Suchá]], now a separate municipality, was a part of Havířov.<ref name=history/>
Most of the buildings of the new city were built in the style of [[socialist realism]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Havířov vznikl před 60 lety. Honosné bulváry připomínají Paříž a Moskvu|url=https://www.idnes.cz/bydleni/na-navsteve/havirov.A151210_141131_dum_osobnosti_web|publisher=iDnes|language=cs|date=2015-12-16|access-date=2022-01-16}}</ref>
==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|5173
|1880|5379
|1890|5900
|1900|7223
|1910|10409
|1921|11765
|1930|12782
|1950|12898
|1961|51103
|1970|82068
|1980|85946
|1991|86297
|2001|85855
|2011|76694
|2021|68153
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}
==Economy==
The city is historically connected with the mining of hard coal in the region. In the territory of Dolní Suchá was the [[Dukla coal mine]], which was in operation between 1907 and 2007.
==Transport==
[[File:Havířov, vlakové nádraží, budova.JPG|thumb|[[Havířov railway station]]]]
Havířov lies on the railway line of national importance to [[Prague]] via Ostrava and [[Olomouc]]. It also lies on a railway line heading from [[Český Těšín]] to [[Opava]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Detail stanice Havířov|url=https://www.cd.cz/stanice/havirov/5433454|publisher=[[České dráhy]]|language=cs|access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref>
==Sport==
The city's football club, [[MFK Havířov]], competes in the [[Czech Fourth Division]]. In the past, the team appeared for several seasons in [[Czech 2. Liga]]. Football club MFK Havířov was founded in 1922 as ''ČSK Moravská Suchá''. MFK Havířov has two pitches and one artificial pitch. They have nickname which is "indians" according to American bikers. Their matches are played on pitches in [[Prostřední Suchá]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History|url=http://indianihavirov.cz/historie/|publisher=MFK Havířov|access-date=2022-01-16}}</ref>
The ice hockey club [[AZ Havířov]] appears in the [[1st Czech Republic Hockey League]], the second-tier league of ice hockey in the country.
The town is also represented by [[RC Havířov]] in rugby. The club used to play in the [[Extraliga ragby|highest Czech division of rugby]].
Havířov hosted the prologue and the third stage, both an [[individual time trial]], of the [[2012 Gracia-Orlová|2012]] and [[2013 Gracia-Orlová]].
==Sights==
[[File:Bludovice, evangelický kostel (1).jpg|thumb|Lutheran church in Bludovice]]
The most important monument is the memorial to the victims of Nazi terror, protected as a [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)|national cultural monument]]. It was built in 1949. The monument consists of a granite wall with a sandstone sculpture of a woman with a child.<ref>{{cite web |title=Památník obětem nacistického teroru|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/pamatnik-obetem-nacistickeho-teroru-12969203|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref>
There are three churches, protected as cultural monuments. The Church of Saint Anne was built in the Empire style in 1841–1845. The Church of Saint Margaret the Virgin in Bludovice was built in 1786–1792. It is a typical Baroque rural church. The Lutheran church in Bludovice was built in 1782–1784 and is the oldest church in Havířov. The tower was added in 1850–1852.<ref name=nhi>{{cite web |title=Výsledky vyhledávání: Kulturní památky, obec Havířov|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/uskp/podle-relevance/1/seznam/?kraj=80&okres=803&obec=555088&chranenoTed=1&hlObj=1&fulltext|work=Ústřední seznam kulturních památek|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-08-27}}</ref>
The Šumbark Castle was originally a medieval fortress, rebuilt into a Renaissance castle in the 16th century and then rebuilt in the Baroque style in the 18th century.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zámek|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/zamek-12969497|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref> Today it is a hotel.<ref name=zwrot>{{cite web |title=Před 65 lety vzniklo město Havířov|url=https://cs.zwrot.cz/2020/12/pred-65-lety-vzniklo-mesto-havirov/|publisher=[[Zwrot]]|language=cs|date=2020-12-22|access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref>
A unique remnant of the original villages before the founding of the city is Kotula's log cabin. It dates from 1781. Today it is a small museum with an exhibition of folk housing in the region. Next to the log cabin is a barn from the late 17th century and a windmill.<ref name=zwrot/>
==Notable people==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Jan Bystroń (linguist)|Jan Bystroń]] (1860–1902), Polish linguist
*[[Józef Kiedroń]] (1879–1932), Polish mining engineer and politician
*[[Martin Mainer]] (born 1959), artist and professor
*[[Daniel Zítka]] (born 1975), footballer
*[[Jan Laštůvka]] (born 1982), footballer
*[[Dominik Graňák]] (born 1983), ice hockey player
*[[Robert Mayer (ice hockey)|Robert Mayer]] (born 1989), ice hockey player
*[[Pavel Maslák]] (born 1991), sprinter
*[[Kateřina Pauláthová]] (born 1993), alpine skier
*[[David Pastrňák]] (born 1996), ice hockey player
*[[Ondřej Lingr]] (born 1998), footballer
{{div col end}}
==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}}
Havířov is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města - Statutární město Havířov|url=https://www.havirov-city.cz/partnerska-mesta/partnerska-mesta|publisher=City of Havířov|language=cs|access-date=2020-06-07}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Collegno]], Italy
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Harlow]], England, United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Jastrzębie-Zdrój]], Poland
*{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Mažeikiai District Municipality|Mažeikiai]], Lithuania
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Omiš]], Croatia
*{{flagicon|EST}} [[Paide]], Estonia
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Turčianske Teplice]], Slovakia
*{{flagicon|SVN}} [[Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi|Zagorje ob Savi]], Slovenia
{{div col end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Havířov}}
*{{official|https://www.havirov-city.cz/}}
{{Karviná District}}
{{Cieszyn Silesia}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Havirov}}
[[Category:Havířov| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Cities in Silesia]]
[[Category:Populated places in Karviná District]]
[[Category:Socialist planned cities]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1955]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in Czechoslovakia]]