View source for Hebenu

{{Infobox settlement
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|name                   = Hebenu
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|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in Egypt
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|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Egypt}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Governorates of Egypt|Governorate]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Minya Governorate]]
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'''Hebenu''' ({{langx|egy|𓎛𓃀𓈖𓏌𓍢𓊖}}, {{Langx|cop|ⲧϩⲁⲃⲓⲛ, ⲡⲙⲁⲛϩⲁⲃⲓⲛ|translit=t-Habin, p-Manhabin}}, {{Langx|ar|حفن|translit=Hafn}})<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stefan |first=Timm |title=Das christlich-koptische Agypten in arabischer Zeit |year=1988 |pages=1975}}</ref> or '''Alabastron''' ({{langx|grc-x-koine|Ἀλάβαστρων πόλις}}) was a city in [[ancient Egypt]]. It was located in [[Middle Egypt]], or the ''Heptanomy'', and belonged to the [[Hare nome]] ({{lang|egy|𓉆}}. It was the early capital of the [[Oryx nome]] ({{lang|egy|𓉇}}. The modern village of '''Zawiyat al-Amwat''' ({{Langx|ar|زاويـــة الأمـــوات}}) ([[Minya Governorate]]) is built on the site where the ancient city stood.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Peust |first=Carsten |title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten |url=http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf |page=45}}</ref>
==Geography==
Alabastron was located on the east bank of the [[Nile]] north of [[Antinoöpolis]] and [[Hermopolis]]. It is placed in present-day el-Kom el-Ahmar about 10 kilometers south of present-day [[Minya, Egypt|Minya]]. [[Ptolemy]] placed the city in Middle Egypt, but [[Pliny the Elder]] in [[Upper Egypt]] proper in the [[Thebaid]].
==History==
Hebenu was the early capital of the Oryx nome. The Greek name ''Hipponon'' ({{langx|grc|Ἱππώνων}}, ''Hippōnōn'') derived from the Egyptian name is also mentioned for the city in this era, but it should not be confused with the Hipponon further north in the 18th or 20th nomes near [[el Hiba]].
In other times, the city was counted as part of the Hare nome. Near it were quarries of [[alabaster]], from which it got its later Greek name. The name is known from the [[Hellenistic period]], i.e. the time of the [[Ptolemaic Kingdom]] and [[Roman Egypt]], the second half of the century. until the beginning. After this, the city is more often referred to as Alabastrine until late antiquity until the fifthth century.
== Buildings and findings ==
The city had temples dedicated to [[Horus]] and [[Pakhet]]. In addition to Kom el-Ahmar, archaeological sites related to the city include Zawyet el-Amwet, Zawyet el-Maiyit (Zawiet El-Maietin/Zawyet el-Meitin) and Zawyet el-Sultan (Zawiyat al-Sultan), [ 1 ] where, among other things, graves have been found.
{{Infobox hieroglyphs
|title = Hebenu
|name = {{center|<hiero>H-b-N35:W24*V1-O49</hiero><br>'''or'''<br/> <hiero>V28-D58-N35:W24-G43-O49</hiero>}}
|name transcription = ''Ḥbnw''
|name explanation = {{center|to pierce (triumph?)}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vygus |first1=Mark |title=Middle Egyptian Dictionary |page=2266}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gauthier |first1=Henri |title=Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol .4 |date=1927 |page=25 |url=https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1927/page/n15}}</ref>
}}
==See also==
* [[List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities]]
== Literature ==
* Hans Bonnet: ''Hebenu'' in: ''Lexikon der ägyptischen Religionsgeschichte.'' Hamburg 2000, {{ISBN|3-937872-08-6}}, p. 284. {{in lang|de}}
* Farouk Gomaa: ''Die Besiedlung Ägyptens während des Mittleren Reiches, 1. Oberägypten und das Fayyum.'' Wiesbaden 1986, {{ISBN|3-88226-279-6}}, p. 319–321. {{in lang|de}}
* Rainer Hannig: ''Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch: (2800-950 v. Chr.)''. By Zabern, Mainz 2006, {{ISBN|3-8053-1771-9}}, p.&nbsp;1172. {{in lang|de}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{coord|28|03|N|30|50|E|display=title}}
[[Category:Cities in ancient Egypt]]
[[Category:Populated places in Minya Governorate]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Egypt]]