View source for Henry Carroll (lawyer)

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Henry Carroll
| image              = File:Henry Carroll.png
| alt                = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption            =
| birth_name         = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date         = {{circa|1792}}
| birth_place        = [[Hagerstown, Maryland]]
| death_date         = February 29, 1820 (aged 27-28)
| death_place        = [[Franklin, Missouri]]
| nationality        = [[United States of America|American]]
| other_names        =
| occupation         = Lawyer
| years_active       =
| known_for          = Delivering the Treaty of Ghent to President [[James Madison]]
| notable_works      = {{unbulleted list||Missouri Territory Public Lands Registrar|Secretary to Congressman Henry Clay}}
}}
'''Henry Carroll''' ({{circa|1792}} – February 29, 1820) was an American lawyer and who served as secretary to Congressman [[Henry Clay]] and as a member of the [[Treaty of Ghent]] Peace Commission.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/treaty-of-ghent |title=Treaty of Ghent (1814) |website=National Archives Milestone Documents |publisher=The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}</ref>
==Early and family life==
Born around 1792 in Maryland,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXQfyXh9pwUC&pg=PA54 |title=Historical Dictionary of U.S. Diplomacy from the Revolution to Secession |first=Debra J. |last=Allen |date=13 September 2012 |page=54 |publisher=Scarecrow Press, Inc. |location=Plymouth, United Kingdom |isbn=978-0-8108-6186-2 |access-date=16 November 2024}}</ref> Henry Carroll was the eldest of eight children of [[O'Carroll|Charles Carroll of Bellevue]] (1767–1823) and his wife, the former Ann Sprigg (1769–1837). The Carroll family was one of the most powerful in Maryland, descended from [[Charles Carroll the Settler]] (1660–1720), the great-grandfather of Charles Carroll of Duddington (1729–1773), this man's grandfather. Although his great grandfather, Daniel Carroll of Duddington (1707–1734) owned the land that eventually became Capitol Hill in the [[District of Columbia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/90712251/ |title=Duddington Mansion, Carroll Residence, F and 2nd Sts. S.E., Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C. Washington D.C, ca. 1880 |website=Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division ~ Photo, Print, Drawing |publisher=United States Library of Congress}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thehillishome.com/2010/09/lost-capitol-hill-duddington/ |title=Lost Capitol Hill: Duddington |publisher=The Hill is Home}}</ref> by this time the family operated plantations near [[Hagerstown, Maryland|Hagerstown]] in [[Washington County, Maryland]]. His brother [[Charles H. Carroll]] (1794–1865) would become a prominent politician in New York, and U.S. Congressman.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/finding-aids/D488 |title=Charles Carroll (of Bellevue) Papers |website=River Campus Libraries ~ Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation |publisher=[[University of Rochester]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v42_1980/v42i4.pdf |title=Charles Carroll of Bellevue Co-Founder of Rochester |last1=McNamara |first1=Robert F. |last2=Barnes |first2=Joseph W. |date=October 1980 |journal=Rochester History |volume=XLII |issue=4 |publisher=Rochester Public Library}}</ref> Another brother, William Thomas Carroll (1831–1863) served as the 5th Clerk of the United States Supreme Court, and their sister Elizabeth Barbara Carroll (1806–1866) married [[Henry Fitzhugh (assemblyman)|Henry Fitzhugh]] who also became a politician in New York.
Other early distinguished members of the Carroll family were descended from Charles the settler's elder son, [[Charles Carroll of Annapolis]], including [[Charles Carroll (barrister)|Charles Carroll the Barrister]], and [[Charles Carroll of Carrollton]] who signed the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] for the [[Province of Maryland|Colony of Maryland]] in [[1776 in the United States|1776]].
==Carroll of Bellevue and Dumbarton House==
In 1814, Charles Carroll of Bellevue was proprietor of the [[Dumbarton House]] which offered a [[contingency plan]] for [[Dolley Madison]] during the August 23, 1814, flight from the [[White House]] prior to the onslaught of the [[British Army]] [[British soldiers in the eighteenth century|redcoats]] and the [[Burning of Washington]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dumbartonhouse.org/dolley-madison |title=Dolley Madison ~ A First Lady Flees to the Sanctuary of Dumbarton House |website=DumbartonHouse.org |publisher=[[The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/flight-of-the-madisons |title=Flight of the Madisons |website=WhitehouseHistory.org |publisher=[[White House Historical Association]]}}</ref>
==Diplomatic service and Treaty of Ghent==
[[File:Amédée Forestier - Signing of Treaty of Ghent (1814).jpg|frameless|left|Signing of Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814]]
From August 1814 to December 24, 1814, Henry Carroll accompanied a [[peace commission]] from the United States to [[Ghent]], [[Belgium]] for [[negotiation]]s concerning the [[Treaty of Ghent]] seeking a [[wikt:cessation|cessation]] to the [[War of 1812]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://govtrackus.s3.amazonaws.com/legislink/pdf/stat/8/STATUTE-8-Pg218.pdf |title=Treaty of Peace and Amity, Between his Britannic Majesty and the United States of America |date=December 24, 1814 |website=Treaty 29 ~ 8 Stat. 218 |publisher=United States Printing Office |pages=218–223}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/hec.13494/ |title=Signatures, Treaty of Ghent, December 24, 1814 |website=Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=United States Library of Congress |lccn=2016870852}}</ref> Henry was appointed [[courier]] for the delivery of the [[peace treaty]] to [[James Madison]] for [[ratification]] by the United States government. On January 2, 1815, [[Anthony St. John Baker]] and Henry Carroll embarked the British [[Sloop-of-war|sloop]] [[sailing ship|ship]] HMS Favorite in [[19th-century London|London]] sailing under a [[White flag|flag of truce]] to the United States with a distant [[Anchorage (maritime)|anchoring]] at [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]] [[peninsula]] on February 11, 1815. After his arrival in [[Lower New York Bay]], Henry boarded a [[post chaise]] granting an arrival in [[District of Columbia (until 1871)|Washington City]] on February 14, 1815. The treaty was delivered to President Madison at a temporary Executive Mansion better known as [[The Octagon House]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Diplomacy of the War of 1812 |last=Updyke |first=Frank Arthur |year=1915 |trans-title=Chapter IX - Ratification and Reception of the Treaty |series=Albert Shaw Lectures on Diplomatic History |website=Google Books |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |oclc=8138622 |pages=358–398 |url={{google books|4392AAAAMAAJ|plainurl=y}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/diplomacyofwarof01updy/page/358 |title=The Diplomacy of the War of 1812 |last=Updyke |first=Frank Arthur |year=1915 |trans-title=Chapter IX - Ratification and Reception of the Treaty |series=Albert Shaw Lectures on Diplomatic History |website=Internet Archive |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |oclc=8138622 |pages=358–398 }}</ref> President Madison presented the Treaty of Ghent to the United States Senate on February 16, 1815, where the peace treaty was unanimously approved ending British [[impressment]] and the War of 1812.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/treaties/senate-approves-treaty-of-ghent.htm |title=The Senate Approves for Ratification the Treaty of Ghent |date=February 16, 1815 |website=Art & History ~ Powers and Procedures ~ Treaties |publisher=United States Senate}}</ref>
==Killing of Henry Carroll==
In 1820, Henry Carroll resided in the [[Missouri Territory]] near [[Franklin, Missouri]], serving as a federal registrar of public lands for the [[Historical regions of the United States#Former organized territories|organized territory]] concurrently to the [[Missouri Compromise]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210016047084&view=1up&seq=609 |title=Letter of February 1820 from Charles Carroll to Josiah Meigs |trans-title=Territorial Papers - Louisiana-Missouri Territory 1815-1821, Volume XV |date=February 24, 1820 |website=HathiTrust.org |publisher=U.S. National Archives & Records Service |pages=591–593}}</ref> Henry Carroll had a dispute with [[Richard Gentry]] concerning his governance of [[land patent]]s and territorial revenue, which led to Gentry shooting and killing Carroll on February 29, 1820.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210016047084&view=1up&seq=612 |title=Letter of March 1820 from Charles Carroll to Josiah Meigs |trans-title=Territorial Papers - Louisiana-Missouri Territory 1815-1821, Volume XV |date=March 11, 1820 |website=HathiTrust.org |publisher=U.S. National Archives & Records Service |page=594}}</ref>
==See also==
{| style="width: 50%; border: none; text-align: left;"
|-
| [[Jacob Barker]] || [[Paul Jennings (slave)|Paul Jennings]]
|-
| [[Burning of Washington]] || [[Lansdowne portrait]]
|-
| [[Chesapeake Bay Flotilla]] || [[Josiah Meigs]]
|-
| [[Flotilla Service Act of 1814]] || [[Jean Pierre Sioussat]]
|}
''American Peace Treaty Commission at Ghent, United Netherlands''
{| style="width: 50%; border: none; text-align: left;"
|-
| [[John Quincy Adams]] || [[Albert Gallatin]]
|-
| [[James A. Bayard (elder)|James A. Bayard, Sr.]] || [[Christopher Hughes (diplomat)|Christopher Hughes]]
|-
| [[Henry Clay]] || [[Jonathan Russell]]
|}
''Grievances and Origins of the War of 1812''
{| style="width: 60%; border: none; text-align: left;"
|-
| [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Colonial Loyalist]] || [[Non-Intercourse Act (1809)]]
|-
| [[Embargo Act of 1807]] || [[Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States]]
|-
| [[Hartford Convention]] || [[Origins of the War of 1812]]
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Presidential letters of Henry Carroll==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/mjm018531/ |title=Henry Carroll to James Madison, March 5, 1818 |last=Carroll |first=Henry |date=March 5, 1818 |series=The James Madison Papers at the Library of Congress |publisher=United States Library of Congress}}
* {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/04-01-02-0212 |title=To James Madison from Henry Carroll, 5 March 1818 |last=Carroll |first=Henry |date=March 5, 1818 |website=National Archives Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/mjm017839/ |title=James Madison to Henry Carroll, March 11, 1818 |last=Madison |first=James |date=March 11, 1818 |series=The James Madison Papers at the Library of Congress |publisher=United States Library of Congress}}
* {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/04-01-02-0216 |title=From James Madison to Henry Carroll, 11 March 1818 |last=Madison |first=James |date=March 11, 1818 |website=National Archives Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/11151463 |title=Rediscovering the Treaty of Ghent |date=February 11, 2015 |last=Pieczynski |first=Christopher |trans-title=A Paper Presented to the Norfolk Historical Society |publisher=Academia.edu}}
* {{cite book |last=King |first=Quentin Scott |year=2014 |title=Henry Clay and the War of 1812 |url={{google books|bXIjAwAAQBAJ|plainurl=y}} |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-1476613901 |oclc=883896030}}
* {{cite book |last=Hickey |first=Donald R. |year=2012 |title=The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict |url={{google books|Ik6Vi82gLagC|plainurl=y}} |edition=Bicentennial |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0252078378 |oclc=794968648}}
* {{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924027034408 |title=A Nation on Trial: America and the War of 1812 |last=White |first=Patrick C.T. |year=1965 |website=Internet Archive |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |oclc=504120451}}
* {{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/lettersrelatingt01newy/ |title=Letters Relating to the Negotiations at Ghent, 1812-1814 |date=October 1914 |website=Internet Archive |publisher=American Historical Review}}
* {{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/celebrationoftre01unit |title=Celebration of the Treaty of Ghent ~ H.R. 9302 |author=63rd U.S. Congress |date=December 5, 1913 |website=Internet Archive |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office}}
* {{cite web |title=The Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812 |last=Lossing |first=Benson John |year=1869 |website=Google Books |publisher=Harper & Brothers |oclc=951294 |url={{google books|itN2AAAAMAAJ|plainurl=y}}}}
* {{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/fieldbookswar181200lossrich/ |title=The Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812 |last=Lossing |first=Benson John |year=1869 |website=Internet Archive |publisher=Harper & Brothers |oclc=951294}}
* {{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofunitedst00agood/ |title=A History of the United States of America: From the Discovery of the Continent by Christopher Columbus, to the Present Time |last1=Goodrich |first1=Charles A. |last2=Augustus |first2=Charles |year=1833 |website=Internet Archive |trans-title=Period X - Madison’s Administration |publisher=H.F. Sumner & Co. |pages= 398–467}}
* {{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/mrmadisonswardis00lowe/ |title=Mr. Madison's War: A Dispassionate Inquiry into the Reasons Alleged by Mr. Madison for Declaring an Offensive and Ruinous War against Great-Britain |last=Lowell |first=John |year=1812 |website=Internet Archive |publisher=Russell & Cutler}}
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Treaty of Ghent}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.wag-aic.org/2001/WAG_01_graves.pdf |title=The Ghent Treaty Box |last1=Graves |first1=Leroy |last2=Porter |first2=Heather |last3=Howlett |first3=F. Carey |trans-title=Retreating the Treaty Box: Dealing with Deteriorated Materials and Aged Acrylic Consolidant in an Historic Document Box |publisher=Wooden Artifacts Group of the American Institute for Conservation}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v18n10a21.html |title=The Treaty of Ghent Medals |last=Homren |first=Wayne |website=CoinBooks.org |publisher=The Numismatic Bibliomania Society (NBS)}}
* {{cite web |url=https://historical.ha.com/itm/autographs/statesmen/-treaty-of-ghent-henry-carroll-papers-/a/6113-34125.s |title=Treaty of Ghent ~ Henry Carroll Papers |publisher=Heritage Auctions}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/america-under-fire-aftermath |title=America Under Fire: Aftermath |website=WhitehouseHistory.org |publisher=[[White House Historical Association]] |trans-title=Finale of War of 1812 ~ Colonial America Second Revolutionary War with Great Britain}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-dolley-madison-saved-the-day-7465218/ |title=When Dolley Madison Took Command of the White House |last=Fleming |first=Thomas |date=March 2010 |website=Smithsonian Magazine}}
{{Portal bar|British Empire|Monarchy|North America}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carroll, Henry}}
[[Category:1792 births]]
[[Category:1820 deaths]]
[[Category:American lawyers]]
[[Category:American people of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:Carroll family]]
[[Category:People from Hagerstown, Maryland]]
[[Category:People from Howard County, Missouri]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Missouri]]