View source for Henry Mond, 2nd Baron Melchett

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image            = Henry Mond, 2nd Baron Melchett.jpg
| image_size       =
| caption          =
| constituency_MP  = Liverpool East Toxteth
| term_start       = 19 March 1929
| term_end         = 27 December 1930
| predecessor      = [[Albert Jacob (British politician)|Albert Jacob]]
| successor        = [[Patrick Buchan-Hepburn]]
| constituency_MP1 = Isle of Ely
| term_start1      = 6 December 1923
| term_end1        = 9 October 1924
| predecessor1     = [[Norman Coates]]
| successor1       = [[Hugh Lucas-Tooth]]
| birth_name       = Henry Ludwig Mond
| birth_date       = 10 May 1898
| birth_place      = London, England
| death_date       = {{death date and age|1949|1|22|1898|5|10|df=yes}}
| death_place      = [[Miami Beach, Florida]], USA
| education        = [[Winchester College]]
| occupation       = [[Politician]], [[industrialist]], [[financier]]
| title            = [[Baron]]
| spouse           = Amy Gwen Wilson
| parents          = [[Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett]]<br />[[Violet Goetze]]
| children         = 3, including [[Julian Edward Alfred Mond, 3rd Baron Melchett|Julian, 3rd Baron Melchett]]
| nationality      = [[English people|English]]
| website          =
}}
'''Henry Ludwig Mond, 2nd Baron Melchett''' (10 May 1898 – 22 January 1949) was a British [[politician]], [[industrialist]] and [[financier]].
==Early life and education==
Henry Mond was born in London, the only son of [[Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett]] and his wife [[Violet Mond, Baroness Melchett|Violet]] (née Goetze). He was educated at [[Winchester College]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Streat, Sir Raymond |author-link=Raymond Streat |title=Lancashire and Whitehall: The Diary of Sir Raymond Streat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q8xRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA84|year=1987 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-2391-0 |page=84}}</ref> In the [[First World War]] he was commissioned with the [[South Wales Borderers]] on 9 April 1915<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=29179|date=1 June 1915  |page=5317 |supp=y }}</ref> and wounded in 1916.<ref name="dnb">Greenaway, Frank (2004) 'Mond family ({{abbr|''per''.|in the period}} 1867-1973)', ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', [[Oxford University Press]],  [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/51124], retrieved on 9 March 2007.</ref>
==Business life==
He then joined some of his father's businesses, becoming a director of [[Imperial Chemical Industries]] and serving as deputy chairman from 1940 to 1947. He was also a director of the [[Mond Nickel Company]] and [[Barclays Bank]].<ref name="dnb"/>
==Politics==
He served as [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for the [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]] 1923-24 as a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]. He won against Unionist candidate [[Max Townley]] in the [[1923 United Kingdom general election|1923 general election]] with a small majority of 467. In the same election his father, Sir Alfred Mond, Bt, lost his seat of [[Swansea West (UK Parliament constituency)|Swansea West]]. He was unable to retain the Isle of Ely at the [[1924 United Kingdom general election|1924 general election]].
Like his father, he later became a [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]. He was Conservative Member of Parliament for [[Liverpool East Toxteth (UK Parliament constituency)|Liverpool East Toxteth]] from 1929 to 1930, when, on the death of his father, he succeeded to the barony becoming the 2nd Baron Melchett.<ref name="leigh">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080608044813/http://www.leighrayment.com/peers/peersM3.htm Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page]}}, accessed 9 March 2007</ref> He then set about restoring the family finances and moved his interests away from politics to economics.<ref name="dnb"/>
==Religion==
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 9850 Welcome to Henry Mond.JPG|thumb|Henry Mond visits [[Tel Mond]], founded in 1929 in Palestine]]
Having been brought up in the [[Church of England]], he reverted in the 1930s to his family's original [[Judaism]] and became a champion of [[Zionism]], hoping that the [[Jew]]s and [[Arab]]s could live harmoniously alongside each other. He advocated the evacuation of Jews from Germany to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and supported the formation of an independent state of Palestine as part of the [[British Commonwealth]]. He was chairman of the [[Jewish Agency for Palestine]] and took an interest in the [[Maccabi youth movement|Maccabi]] Jewish youth organisation.<ref name="dnb"/>
==Personal life==
[[File:Gwen Mond, Lady Melchett, 1935.jpg|thumb|Gwen Mond, Lady Melchett, 1935, by [[Glyn Philpot]]]]
[[File:Glyn Warren Philpot - Portrait of Henry Ludwig Mond, 2nd Baron Melchett of Landford.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Mond painted by Philpot, 1932]]
He married Amy Gwen Wilson (usually called Gwen, the daughter of Edward John Wilson, who lived in [[Johannesburg]]<ref>[http://www.thepeerage.com/p51160.htm#i511594 Amy Gwen Wilson on the Peerage website]</ref>), at [[Chelsea Register Office]] on 30 January 1920.<ref>The Mond Legacy by Jean Goodman Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1982</ref> She was described as "a show stopping beauty and artist".<ref name = "Secret">{{cite news|title = "On display, the sculpture that revealed an aristocrat's guilty secret" by Arifa Akba, ''The Independent'', 18 April 2009
|url = https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/on-display-the-sculpture-that-revealed-an-aristocrats-guilty-secret-1670413.html|accessdate =19 April 2009 | location=London | date=18 April 2009}}</ref> Their relationship began when she was living with writer [[Gilbert Cannan]], a friend of [[D. H. Lawrence]], and they initially formed a ''[[ménage à trois]]''.<ref name = "Secret"/>
From 1930 the couple lived in a London home, [[Mulberry House]] in [[Smith Square]], [[City of Westminster|Westminster]]. Paying homage to their early relationship, they commissioned a {{convert|1.6|m|ft}} high relief from the prominent artist [[Charles Sargeant Jagger]] called "Scandal", which they displayed in their living room.<ref name = "Secret"/> This showed a naked couple in an intimate embrace watched by society ladies in a state of outrage. The sculpture and the Baron's relationship led to censure and outrage from their contemporaries.<ref name = "Secret"/> In 2008 "Scandal" was bought for £106,000 by the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]<ref name = "Secret"/> where it is on display.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scandal (A.1:1 to 4-2008)|url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O145552/scandal-bronze-relief-jagger-charles-sargeant/|publisher=V & A|accessdate=3 November 2016}}</ref>
==Family==
They had had two sons &ndash; the Honourable Derek John Henry Mond (18 October 1922 – 30 April 1945), [[Julian Edward Alfred Mond, 3rd Baron Melchett|Julian]] (9 January 1925 – 15 June 1973), and one daughter, the Honourable Karis Valerie Violet (26 July 1927 – 8 February 2006).<ref>{{cite web|title=Person Page #511586|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p51159.htm#i511586|website=The Peerage|publisher=Darryl Lundy|accessdate=5 February 2018}}</ref> Derek was killed in a flying accident while he was serving with the [[Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve]] in 1945.<ref>[http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2484640/MOND,%20DEREK%20JOHN%20HENRY CWGC entry for Lieutenant Derek John Henry Mond, RNVR]</ref>
Mond bought and restored [[Colworth House]] on the edge of the [[Bedfordshire]] village of [[Sharnbrook]] and lived there for twelve years. During [[World War II]] he made the house available for the recuperation of American nurses<ref name="dnb"/> and to house [[Jew]]ish refugees.{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}} He sold the house to [[Unilever]] in 1947 due to his wife's belief that moving to [[Florida]] would restore his health.{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}} He died at [[Miami Beach, Florida]] in 1949 aged 50 and the title passed to his surviving son Julian.<ref name="leigh"/> Mond was cremated in Islington.<ref>[https://www.deceasedonline.com/servlet/GSDOSearch?DetsView=Summary&src=ext&fileid=1556103 The record on deceased online]</ref>
==Publications==
*''Why the Crisis?'' (1931)
*''Modern Money'' (1932)
*''Thy Neighbour'' (1937)
*''Hunting and Polo''
==Coat of arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
|name= Henry Mond, 2nd Baron Melchett<ref>{{cite book |year=2002 |title=Debrett's peerage and baronetage 2003 |publisher=Debrett's Peerage Ltd. | page=1088 |url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerageb0000unse_r0m8/page/n1239}}</ref>
|image = Coat of arms of Mond, Baron Melchett.svg
|image size = 250px
|notes = [[Coat of arms]] of Mond, Barons Melchett
|coronet = A [[coronet]] of a [[Baron]]
|crest = A Demi-Bear holding between the paws a Fountain both proper.
|Quarterly = 1st and 4th, Gules a Demi-Lion rampant argent between in chief a Decrescent and an Increscent and in base a Crescent all Or on a Chief Argent an Eagle displayed between two Mullets Sable (Mond);  2nd and 3rd, Azure on a Pile between three Mullets Argent an Eagle displayed Sable (Lowenthal).
|escutcheon = Quarterly:  1st and 4th, Gules a Demi-Lion rampant argent between in chief a Decrescent and an Increscent and in base a Crescent all Or on a Chief Argent an Eagle displayed between two Mullets Sable (Mond);  2nd and 3rd, Azure on a Pile between three Mullets Argent an Eagle displayed Sable (Lowenthal).
|supporters = Dexter:  a Doctor of Science of the University of Oxford holding in the exterior hand a Chemical Measure Glass;  Sinister:  a Labourer holding in the exterior hand a Pick resting on the shoulder, all proper.
|motto = Make Yourself Necessary
}}
== Images ==
<gallery widths=180>
File:Mrs Henry Mond by Glyn Philpot (1884-1937).jpg|Mrs. Henry Mond by [[Glyn Philpot]]
File:36 Smith Square (411810994).jpg|Mulberry House on [[Smith Square]], London
File:London - Cromwell Gardens - Victoria & Albert Museum 1909 Aston Webb - Room 21 - Scandal 1930 by Charles Sargeant Jagger - Art Déco.jpg|"Scandal" sculpture and [[Brasero (heater)|brasero]] from Mulberry House; by [[Charles Sargeant Jagger]], ([[Victoria and Albert Museum]])
</gallery>
==See also==
*[[Ludwig Mond Award]]
*[[Melchett Medal]]
*[[Mond gas]]
*[[Brunner Mond]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{commonscat-inline}}
* {{Hansard-contribs | hon-henry-mond | Henry Mond }}
* {{PM20|FID=pe/019759}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box
| title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
| years  = [[1923 United Kingdom general election|1923]]–[[1924 United Kingdom general election|1924]]
| before = [[Norman Coates]]
| after  = [[Hugh Lucas-Tooth]]
}}
{{succession box
| title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Liverpool East Toxteth (UK Parliament constituency)|Liverpool East Toxteth]]
| years  = [[1929 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election|1929]]–[[1931 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election|1930]]
| before = [[Albert Jacob (British politician)|Albert Jacob]]
| after  = [[Patrick Buchan-Hepburn]]
}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box
| title  = [[Baron Melchett]]
| years  = 1930–1949
| before = [[Alfred Moritz Mond]]
| after  = [[Julian Edward Alfred Mond, 3rd Baron Melchett|Julian Mond]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Melchett, Henry Mond, 2nd Baron}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1949 deaths]]
[[Category:Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1923–1924]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1929–1931]]
[[Category:UK MPs who inherited peerages|Melchett, B2]]
[[Category:English Jews]]
[[Category:British Ashkenazi Jews]]
[[Category:British Zionists]]
[[Category:English people of German-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Converts to Judaism from Anglicanism]]
[[Category:People educated at Winchester College]]
[[Category:South Wales Borderers officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Mond family|Henry Mond, 2nd Baron Melchett]]
[[Category:Jewish British politicians]]
[[Category:People from Sharnbrook]]
[[Category:Military personnel from London]]
[[Category:20th-century English businesspeople]]