View source for Heydour

{{Short description|Hamlet in South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox UK place
|static_image_name= St.Michael's church, Heydour, Lincs. - geograph.org.uk - 45820.jpg
|static_image_caption= St Michael's parish church, Heydour
|country = England
|official_name = Heydour
|map_alt =
|coordinates = {{coord|52.944|-0.499|display=inline,title}}
|population = 286
|population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]])<ref>{{cite web|work=Neighbourhood Statistics|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=4&containerAreaId=790460|title=2001 census|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=20 April 2013|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064708/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=4&containerAreaId=790460|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|shire_district = [[South Kesteven]]
|shire_county = [[Lincolnshire]]
|region = East Midlands
|constituency_westminster = [[Grantham and Stamford (UK Parliament constituency)|Grantham and Stamford]]
|post_town = [[Grantham]]
|postcode_district = NG32
|postcode_area = NG
|dial_code =
|os_grid_reference = TF009395
|london_distance_mi = 100<!-- straight line per MOS – constant and comparable with other place distances -->
|london_direction = S
}}
'''Heydour''' is a hamlet and [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in the [[South Kesteven]] district of [[Lincolnshire]], England.<ref name=PC>{{Cite web |title=Heydour with Aisby and Oasby parish council |url=http://parishes.lincolnshire.gov.uk/HeydourwithAisbyandOasby/ |work=Parishes in Lincolnshire |publisher=Lincolnshire county council|accessdate=20 August 2013}}</ref> The parish population of 286 at the 2001 census rose to 311 at the 2011 census.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11124543&c=Heydour&d=16&e=62&g=6447434&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1461160582065&enc=1 |title=Civil Parish population 2011 |accessdate=20 April 2016 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |work=Neighbourhood Statistics}}</ref> Heydour lies about {{convert|5|mi|0}} south-west of [[Sleaford]] and {{convert|6|mi|0}} north-east of [[Grantham]]. It forms a group of parish hamlets with [[Kelby]], [[Culverthorpe]], [[Oasby]] and [[Aisby, South Kesteven|Aisby]].
==History==
The 1086 ''[[Domesday Book]]'' records it as ''"Haidure"'' and ''"Heidure"'', with {{convert|80|acre}} of meadow and {{convert|16|acre}} of woodland within the manor of [[Osbournby]].<ref>{{OpenDomesday |OS=TF0039 |name=heydour |display=Heydour |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> Before the [[Norman conquest of England]] it was held by Aelfric, son of Godram,<ref>[http://www.domesdaymap.co.uk/name/12140/aelfric-son-of-godram/ "Aelfric son of Godram"], Domesdaymap.co.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</ref> and after 1086, by Vitalis.<ref>[http://www.domesdaymap.co.uk/name/550600/vitalis/ "Vitalis"] {{webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20120801214613/http://www.domesdaymap.co.uk/name/550600/vitalis/ |date=1 August 2012}}, Domesdaymap.co.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</ref>
Particularly around the south of the village there are [[Earthwork (archaeology)|earthwork]] signs of houses, crofts, quarries and [[ridge and furrow]] field systems from earlier medieval settlement.<ref>{{PastScape |mnumber=1043618 |mname=Heydour |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> The village belonged to the historical [[hundred (county subdivision)|wapentake]] of [[Winnibriggs and Threo]].<ref>Vision of Britain: [https://archive.today/20121205081358/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10005838&c_id=%20 Retrieved 16 March 2012.]</ref>
In 1885 the township covered {{convert|3,140|acre|km2}} with a population in 1881 of 363. The {{convert|5,140|acre|km2}} parish, including Kelby and Culverthorpe has 447 inhabitants. There existed in Heydour from the 14th century [[Freestone (masonry)|freestone]] quarries that provided the first stones for [[Belton House]].<ref name=Kellys>''Kelly's Directory of Lincolnshire with the port of Hull'' 1885, p. 471.</ref><ref>John Lord, [https://www.jstor.org/pss/1568668 ''A Chapel and some Garden Walls: Culverthorpe in the 1690s''], JSTOR. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</ref><ref>Jennifer S. Alexander, [http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-769-1/ahds/dissemination/pdf/vol39/39_107_135.pdf ''Building Stones from the East Midlands Quarries, Transportation and Usage''], pp. 112 and 130. Archaeologydataservice.ac.uk, Department of Archaeology, [[University of Nottingham]]. Retrieved 21 October 2011 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402164004/http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-769-1/ahds/dissemination/pdf/vol39/39_107_135.pdf |date=2 April 2012}}</ref>
''Kelly's Directory'' states: "In a field west of the church are traces of a large mansion or castle, supposed to have been built in reign of [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen]] by one of the Bussey family, who were seated here until about 1609."<ref name=Kellys/> The Busseys were major landowners and a branch of the same family as at [[Hougham, Lincolnshire|Hougham]]. When the son of John Bussey (c. 1533–1593), Sir Edmund Bussey (1562–1616), took over the [[manor house]], it was dilapidated and required rebuilding and its land reorganising.<ref>Joan Thirsk, ''The Agrarian History of England and Wales: Vol. 4, 1500–1640'', Cambridge University Press, 2011, p. 253, {{ISBN|0-521-20020-2}}; [https://books.google.com/books?id=RbO-7UQ83mwC&dq=%22Heydour%22&pg=PA253 Google Books]</ref> The castle or manor house was socially and physically integrated into the [[Lord of the manor|manor]] and parish of Heydour, unlike other areas of Lincolnshire.<ref>Oliver H. Creighton [https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10036/27532/early%20castles.PDF Early Castles and Rural Settlement Patterns: Insights from Yorkshire and the East Midlands], ''Medieval Settlement Research Group Annual Report'' '''14''', 1999, p. 30 {{open access}}</ref> The existence of a castle is shown by remnants of masonry, foundations and ditch,<ref name=Pevsner>[[Nikolaus Pevsner]]; [[John Harris (curator)|John Harris]]; ''The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire'', Penguin, 1964, pp. 570–572, revised by Nicholas Antram, Yale University Press, 1989 {{ISBN|0-300-09620-8}}</ref> and form a listed monument.<ref>{{PastScape |mnumber=348646 |mname=Heydour Castle |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref>
The village had a school, which closed in 1983.<ref>[http://www.louthleader.co.uk/community/nostalgia/27_05_07_foundry_families_1_1004857 "27/05/07 - Foundry families"], ''Louth Leader'', 4 June 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</ref>
==Community==
The hamlet of Oasby has been classed as a conservation area, while dwellings in Heydour parish are listed by the local authority as "of interest".<ref name=OC>{{Cite web |title=Our community |url=http://parishes.lincolnshire.gov.uk/HeydourwithAisbyandOasby/section.asp?catId=30559 |work=Heydour with Aisby and Oasby parish council |accessdate=20 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oasby |url=http://www.lincshar.org/Oasby|work=Conservation areas|publisher=Heritage trust of Lincolnshire |accessdate=20 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200738/http://www.lincshar.org/Oasby |archive-date=29 October 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
The parish hamlets cooperate on events such as an annual art exhibition, a fête and scarecrow competition, and groups of [[Mummers Play|Mummers]], musicians and [[Morris dance]]rs.<ref name=OC/> An annual [[pantomime]] is held in Aisby village hall. The parish church holds a [[Christmas carol|carol]] concert on the Sunday before Christmas.<ref name=PC/> The ''Houblon Arms'' at Oasby is the local pub-restaurant. The nearest shop/[[post office]] is in [[Wilsford, Lincolnshire|Wilsford]], {{convert|2|mi|km|0}} to the north.
==Landmarks==
===Church===
Heydour [[Grade I]] listed [[Anglican]] [[parish church]], is dedicated to [[St Michael (archangel)|St Michael]] and All Angels. The church dates from the 12th century, with additions up to the 19th.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1166347|desc=Church of St Michael|accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> There is a 12th-century [[canonical sundial]] on the south wall. The church has an [[Early English Period|Early English]] [[chancel]] with [[lancet window]]s and a 17th-century north [[Christian burial|funerary]] [[Proprietary chapel|chapel]], and a [[nave]] with a [[Perpendicular Gothic|Perpendicular]] [[clerestory]], including six [[tracery]] panelled windows. It has [[Decorated Gothic|Decorated]] north and south [[Aisle#Architecture|aisles]] with evidence at the roof line of earlier aisles, four [[Arcade (architecture)|arcades]], a south [[Porch#Britain|porch]], and a Decorated west [[Steeple (architecture)|tower]] with [[pinnacle]]s, [[Battlement|crenellations]], and a [[Perpendicular Gothic|Perpendicular]] recessed spire.
The church was probably gifted by Geoffrey de Saxe, [[prebendary]] of Heydour from 1325 to 1380, to whom the chancel holds a tomb and a [[sedilia]].<ref name=Pevsner/><ref name=Cox>Cox, J. Charles (1916) ''Lincolnshire'', Methuen & Co. Ltd, p. 162.</ref> The post-1342 roof above the north aisle was built from donations by [[Baron Scrope of Masham|Lord Scrope of Masham]] (1312–1391).<ref>Richard Marks, ''Stained Glass in England during the Middle Ages'', p. 169; Routledge, 1993 {{ISBN|0-415-03345-4}}</ref>
[[File:Interior of St Michael and All Angels, Heydour 10.jpg|thumb|left|160px|Monument, St Michael's]]
A main feature is [[stained glass]] in the north aisle dating from about 1380. One window, showing figures of [[Edward the Confessor]], [[St George]] and [[Edmund the Martyr|St Edmund]], was erected from donations from Deacon Geoffrey Scrope and Beatrice Luttrell.<ref>Hegbin-Barnes, Penny, ''The Medieval Stained Glass of the County of Lincolnshire'', 1996, p. 120; Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-726156-6}}</ref> Another window depicts [[Vincent of Saragossa|St Vincent]], [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] and [[St Stephen]]. A third is from the 19th century and by [[William Wailes]]. ''Pevsner'' notes windows from 1899 by [[Charles Eamer Kempe|Kempe]] in the east, north and south chancel.<ref name=Kellys/><ref name=Pevsner/><ref name=Cox/> Further features are a priest's doorway with cinque-cusped head, octagonal [[Baptismal font|font]], a chest from 1530 to 1550, an ornamental painting in the chancel, and [[chalice]] and [[Flagon#Christian use|flagon]] by George Wickes from 1727.<ref name=Pevsner/>
Inside there are monuments to the Newton family of [[Culverthorpe Hall]], including Abigail Newton, died 1686, as well as Sir John Newton, died 1734, and [[Earl Coningsby#Earls Coningsby (1719)|Margaret, Countess of Coningsby]] (Sir Michaels daughter-in-law), died 1761, both attributed to [[John Michael Rysbrack|Rysbrack]], Lady Newton, died 1737, and Sir Michael Newton, died 1746, both by [[Peter Scheemakers|Scheemakers]].<ref name=Pevsner/> There is a marble slab to the last male Newton heir, who died on 14 January 1723. The infant son of Sir Michael Newton and Margaret, Countess of Coningsby, he was taken from his cradle in the absence of his nurse by a pet monkey, which was pursued onto the roof of Culverthorpe Hall. It dropped the child over a parapet and he was killed by the fall.<ref name=Kellys/><ref>Matthew Craske, ''The Silent Rhetoric of the Body: A History of Monumental Sculpture and Commemorative Art in England, 1720-1770'', Yale University Press, 2008, p. 195 {{ISBN|0-300-13541-6}}</ref> Signatures on the church bells commemorate Sir Edmund Bussey and his son Miles Bussey (born 1590 or 1592). They include the arms of Sir Edmund and his wife Francis.<ref>[http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/thomas-north/the-church-bells-of-the-county-and-city-of-lincoln--their-founders-inscription-tro/page-26-the-church-bells-of-the-county-and-city-of-lincoln--their-founders-inscription-tro.shtml ''The Church Bells of the County and City of Lincoln'']. Electronic Library. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</ref>
===Other listed buildings===
[[File:The Houblon Inn, Oasby - geograph.org.uk - 467668.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Houblon Arms, Oasby]]
*The ''Houblon Arms'', Main Street, Oasby, is a pub dating from the 17th century.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1062390|desc=Houblon Arms public house|accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref>
*Church Lees Farmhouse (c. 1700 with 1800 additions) is possibly a former rectory, now a classic farmhouse,<ref>{{NHLE |num=1360325 |desc=Church Lees Farmhouse |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> with a niche above the front door, in which is set a 14th-century stone figure of a young musician with [[cymbal]]s, said to be from the castle, which stood west of the house.<ref name=Pevsner/>
*Heydour House was formerly a rectory,<ref>{{NHLE|num=1062389|desc=Heydour House|accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> built in 1857 to the plans of [[William White (architect)|William White]] and in 1885 attached to the [[Chapelry|chapelries]] of Kelby and Culverthorpe.<ref name=Kellys/>
*Heydour Priory, Main Street, Heydour, is a late 16th-century ancestral home of the [[Dymoke]] family.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1308929 |desc=Heydour Priory |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref>
*Oasby Mill is a [[tower mill]] built in 1810.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1146543 |desc=Oasby Mill |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref>
*Oasby Manor House is from the 17th-century.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1062391 |desc=Oasby Manor House |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref>
*Oasby House is another 17th-century house.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1360326 |desc=Oasby House |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref>
*Manor House Farmhouse dates from about 1700.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1062393 |desc=Manor House Farm House |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref>
*Folly Cottage is from the 17th-century.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1062392 |desc=Folly Cottage |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Heydour}}
*[http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/LIN/Heydour/ "Heydour"], [[Genuki]].org.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2011
*[http://parishes.lincolnshire.gov.uk/HeydourwithAisbyandOasby/index.asp?catId=30564 Heydour Parish Council website], Parishes.lincolnshire.gov.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2011
{{Portal bar|England|United Kingdom}}
{{Lincolnshire|state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Villages in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:South Kesteven District]]