View source for Highlow

{{other uses|High Low (disambiguation){{!}}High Low}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name = Highlow
| dial_code = 01433
| london_distance_mi = 140
| area_total_sq_mi = 1.05
| type = [[Civil parish]]
| website =
| static_image_caption = The River Derwent at Leadmill Bridge
| static_image_name = The River Derwent at Leadmill Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1366671.jpg
| static_image_2_name = {{Infobox mapframe|frame=yes|frame-width=240|frame-height=240|plain=yes|type=shape|zoom=12|id=Q19845558}}
| shire_county = [[Derbyshire]]
| shire_district = [[Derbyshire Dales]]
| constituency_westminster = [[Derbyshire Dales (UK Parliament constituency)|Derbyshire Dales]]
| postcode_district = S32
| country = England
| postcode_area = S
| post_town = HOPE VALLEY
| coordinates = {{coord|53.311|N|1.671|W|scale:25000|display=inline,title}}
| os_grid_reference = SK 224798
| population_ref = (2011) <ref name=":100"/> <small>(including neighbouring communities)</small>
| population = 585
| population_density = <br>
| region = East Midlands
| area_footnotes = <ref name=":100"/>
| map_type =
| london_direction = SE
| parts = Leadmill
| parts_type = Settlements
| parts_style = list
| p1 = Highlow
}}
'''Highlow''' is a [[civil parish]] within the [[Derbyshire Dales]] district, in the county of [[Derbyshire]], England. Largely rural, Highlow's population is reported with the population of neighbouring parishes for a total of 585 residents in 2011.<ref name=":100">{{NOMIS2011|id=E04002797|accessdate=2021-10-14|title=Outseats Parish}}</ref> It is {{Convert|140|mi|km|abbr=}} north-west of [[London]], {{Convert|28|mi|km|abbr=}} north-west of the county city of [[Derby]], and {{Convert|7+1/2|mi|km|abbr=}} north of the nearest [[market town]] of [[Bakewell]]. Highlow is wholly within the [[Peak District]] national park, and shares a border with the parishes of [[Abney and Abney Grange]], [[Eyam]], [[Foolow]], [[Grindleford]], [[Hathersage]] as well as [[Offerton, Derbyshire|Offerton]].<ref name="locate">{{Cite web|title=Highlow|url=http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/doc/7000000000013729|publisher=[[Ordnance Survey]]}}</ref> There are nine [[listed building]]s in Highlow.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=British Listed Buildings|url=https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/england/highlow-derbyshire-dales-derbyshire|access-date=2021-09-19|website=britishlistedbuildings.co.uk}}</ref>
== Geography ==
=== Location ===
Highlow is surrounded by the following local areas:<ref name="locate"/>
* Hathersage and Offerton to the north
* [[Bretton, Derbyshire|Bretton]], Eyam and Grindleford to the south
* [[Leam, Derbyshire|Leam]] and [[Upper Padley]] to the east
* Abney and Abney Grange villages to the west.
The parish is roughly bounded by land features such as Bretton Clough to the west, the [[River Derwent, Derbyshire|Derwent]] and Dunge Brook to the north, [[Highlow Brook]] to the east, and Bole Hill to the south. This area lies in the far north of the Derbyshire Dales district and north region of Derbyshire county.
Highlow is completely within the Peak District National Park.<ref>{{cite web |title=Contact details - Highlow |url=https://democracy.peakdistrict.gov.uk/mgCommitteeMailingList.aspx?ID=212 |website=democracy.peakdistrict.gov.uk |date=3 August 2022}}</ref>
==== Settlements and routes ====
There are two hamlets within the parish:
* Leadmill is along the B6001 road in the far north east, and is the largest grouping of built environment
* A smaller cluster of residences and farms surrounding [[Highlow Hall]] in the central area along the Leadmill to Abney route.
Outside of these, Highlow is predominantly an agricultural and rural area, with very few scattered farms and occasional residential dwellings.
There are three roads throughout the parish:
* the B6001 road from Hathersage crosses the far east of the parish to Bakewell
* from that road at Leadmill, a single track lane runs to Abney
* from the lane, another route starting at Highlow Hall towards the north is the only way to reach Offerton.
=== Environment ===
==== Landscape and geology ====
Primarily farming and [[pasture]] land throughout the parish outside the sparsely populated areas, there are some small [[forestry]] plots throughout, mainly around the Highlow Brook valley. Abney and Bretton Clough is an [[SSSI]] which also covers this area.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=SSSI detail|url=https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteDetail.aspx?SiteCode=S1001834&SiteName=abney&countyCode=&responsiblePerson=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea=|access-date=2021-10-07|website=designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk}}</ref> [[Limestone]], [[gritstone]] and [[lead]] feature in the [[geology]] of the wider area, which lies on [[Millstone Grit|millstone grit]] from the [[carboniferous]] era, rising through mudstones, shales, sandstones and grits which have formed soils that are mainly coarse [[Loam|loams]] with [[peat]]<nowiki/>y [[gleysol]]s near springs on the sandstone/shale layers.<ref name=":3" />
[[File:Footbridge at Stoke Ford - geograph.org.uk - 1596164.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Footbridge at Stoke Ford]]
==== Water features ====
The parish is roughly bounded by the Bretton Brook to the west, the [[River Derwent, Derbyshire|Derwent]] and Dunge Brook to the north, and Highlow Brook to the east and centre. Stoke Ford is where several paths meet by the convergence of the Bretton and Highlow streams. There are a number of [[Spring (hydrology)|springs]] found throughout the parish.
==== Land elevation ====
The parish can be hilly and undulating in places, the land generally rising from east to the west. The lowest point is in the north east area by Leadmill and the Derwent at ~{{Convert|142|m|ft}}, while the central High Low hill near Highlow Hall is {{Convert|281|m|ft}}, The western area rises to {{Convert|340-350|m|ft}}, with the parish peak along the south west boundary by Bretton Clough at {{Convert|370|m|ft}}.
== History ==
=== Toponymy ===
Highlow was not recorded in the [[Domesday Book|Domesday]] survey as a standalone settlement. It was first reported in public records from the 12th century as Heihlau, meaning high hill, presumably named after the notable land feature High Low hill in the centre of the parish.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Highlow :: Survey of English Place-Names|url=http://epns.nottingham.ac.uk/browse/Derbyshire/Highlow/53284cf4b47fc4095c00188d-Highlow|access-date=2021-10-07|website=epns.nottingham.ac.uk}}</ref>
=== Local area ===
There are tumuli and cairns in the north western area of the parish, which are ancient burial tombsites dating to the Bronze Age.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=MDR4222 - Cairnfield and field system, Highlow Bank, Highlow - Derbyshire Historic Environment Record|url=https://her.derbyshire.gov.uk/Monument/MDR4222|access-date=2021-10-08|website=her.derbyshire.gov.uk}}</ref> Although not recorded during the time of the Domesday records in 1066, Highlow as a notable settlement was established enough to be on [[Christopher Saxton]]'s 1579 Derbyshire map, approximately where Highlow Hall was located, although it appears to have become [[Deserted medieval village|depopulated]] over time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MDR4245 - Highlow: possible deserted Medieval village - Derbyshire Historic Environment Record|url=https://her.derbyshire.gov.uk/Monument/MDR4245|access-date=2021-10-12|website=her.derbyshire.gov.uk}}</ref> An ancient route ran from Highlow known as the ‘corpse path’, possibly because of its use to transport coffins to the churchyard at Hathersage church.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Hathersage - Conservation area appraisal - Peak District|url=https://www.peakdistrict.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/50808/HATHERSAGE-ADOPTED-APPRAISAL_sections-1-4.pdf}}</ref> Halifax Gate was another old route which went over the Derwent, and southbound went onto the [[West Riding of Yorkshire]].<ref name=":1" />
Lead was mined in times past at locations throughout the parish and beyond.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Co|first=T. Bulmer &|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eD0JAAAAIAAJ&dq=highlow&pg=PA189|title=History, Topography, and Directory of Derbyshire: Comprising Its History and Archaeology : a General View of Its Physical and Geological Features, with Separate Historical and Topographical Descriptions of Each Town, Parish, Manor, and Extra-parochial Liberty|date=1895|publisher=Proprietors|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MDR3947 - Bole Hill, Lead smelting site - Derbyshire Historic Environment Record|url=https://her.derbyshire.gov.uk/Monument/MDR3947|access-date=2021-10-12|website=her.derbyshire.gov.uk}}</ref> There is evidence that a lead mill by the locality of Leadmill at the start of the 17th century was earlier the site of a corn mill. The lead mill was subsequently in use up to the 18th century as a stone mason's mill before being converted to a private residence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mills in Derbyshire and Peak District|url=https://derbyshireheritage.co.uk/industrial/derbyshire-mills/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=Derbyshire Heritage|language=en-GB}}</ref> A millpond located there has been latterly used as a fish farm.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monument record MDR6902 - Lead smelting mill (site of), Leadmill, Highlow|url=https://her.derbyshire.gov.uk/Monument/MDR6902}}</ref> The only public house, The Plough Inn in Leadmill, was built in the 16th century.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=The Plough Inn Hotel & Restaurant Hathersage Peak District|url=https://theploughinn-hathersage.co.uk/|access-date=2021-10-14|language=en-GB}}</ref> Leadmill Bridge over the River Derwent dates from the late 18th century where it replaced a [[Ford (crossing)|ford]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=LEACH HOUSE - Hathersage, Derbyshire - Heritage statement|url=https://portal.peakdistrict.gov.uk/system/download/f/82824113}}</ref> and was widened in 1928.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Listed Building - LEADMILL BRIDGE - Derbyshire Historic Environment Record|url=https://her.derbyshire.gov.uk/Designation/DDR3599|access-date=2021-10-12|website=her.derbyshire.gov.uk}}</ref>
=== Highlow Hall ===
{{Main|Highlow Hall}}
Highlow Hall comprised a small manor house and various auxiliary agricultural buildings dating to the late 16th century with middle 17th century alterations.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=HIGHLOW HALL, Highlow |num=1311217|access-date=2021-10-08}}</ref> By the time of [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] the Highlow manor belonged to the Archer family, which later became extinct. Robert le Eyre was hereditary warden of the [[Royal Forest of Peak|Royal Forest of the Peak]] administered from [[Peveril Castle]] in [[Castleton, Derbyshire|Castleton]], during [[Edward III of England|Edward III]]'s reign, Robert’s grandson, William le Eyre de Hope was forest warden. By the beginning of the 15th century Highlow Hall became the seat of a branch of the Eyre family,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Eyre Family And The Catholic Graces Of Derbyshire {{!}} Peak District Online|language=en-GB|work=Peak District Online|url=https://www.peakdistrictonline.co.uk/eyre-family-and-the-catholic-graces-of-derbyshire/|access-date=2021-10-12}}</ref> them having arrived in the country during the [[Norman Conquest]], and by the time of [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] had settled at the village of [[Hope, Derbyshire|Hope]].
Robert Eyre rebuilt the hall during the 17th century, and later became [[High Sheriff of Derbyshire]]. In the early part of the 18th century, John Eyre resurrected the ancient surname of Archer, but following his death in 1842 the hall and adjoining farm were sold to the [[Duke of Devonshire]], owner of [[Chatsworth House]], with tenant farmers taking up residence at the hall. Following the death of the [[Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire|10th Duke of Devonshire]] the hall, as well as a number of other farms in the Chatsworth Estate were sold in order to satisfy death duties. The then resident tenants, the Wain family, bought Highlow Hall and remain present owners.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Old Halls, Manors and Families of Derbyshire - Highlow Hall|url=http://texts.wishful-thinking.org.uk/Tilley/HighlowHall.html|access-date=2021-10-08|website=texts.wishful-thinking.org.uk}}</ref> The outbuildings and barns have been converted to cottages which are in separate ownership.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-14|title=Peak District walk - Hathersage Circular|url=https://www.greatbritishlife.co.uk/things-to-do/walks/peak-district-walk-hathersage-circular-6513758|access-date=2021-10-14|website=Great British Life|language=en-UK}}</ref>
== Governance and demography ==
=== Population ===
There are 585 residents recorded within Highlow (along with Abney and Abney Grange, Offerton and the former Outseats<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outseats Parish Council » Hathersage in the Peak District|url=http://www.hathersageparishcouncil.gov.uk/outseats-parish-council/|access-date=2021-10-08|website=www.hathersageparishcouncil.gov.uk}}</ref> parishes) for the 2011 census.<ref name=":100" />
=== Local bodies ===
Because of its small population, Highlow is managed at the first level of public administration via combined [[parish meeting]]s with Abney and Abney Grange alongside Offerton, there is no [[Parish councils in England|parish council]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-22|title=Abney, Abney Grange, Highlow & Offerton (Parish Meeting)|url=https://www.derbyshirealc.gov.uk/local-council-contacts/abney-abney-grange-highlow-offer|access-date=2021-10-12|website=www.derbyshirealc.gov.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref>
At district level, the wider area is overseen by Derbyshire Dales district council, and because of its inclusion within a national park, the Peak District Park Authority. [[Derbyshire County Council]] provides the highest level strategic services locally.
== Community and leisure ==
There is one public house at Leadmill, The Plough Inn which dates from the 16th century.<ref name=":4" />
=== Tourism ===
{{Further|Derwent Valley Heritage Way}}
There are sites offering [[Bed and breakfast|overnight accommodation]], catering particularly to Peak District visitors in Leadmill. Several landmarks and locations appealing to tourists are scattered throughout the wider area. The long distance Peak District walking route Derwent Valley Heritage Way follows the north east parish boundary.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Section 1 - Heatherdene to Leadmill Bridge (Hathersage)|url=https://www.derwentvalleytrust.org.uk/walk/the-route/ladybower-to-hathersage/|access-date=2021-10-14|website=Derwent Valley Trust|language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Landmarks ==
=== Listed buildings ===
{{main|Listed buildings in Highlow}}
{{Further|Listed building}}
There are nine listed structures within the parish, all at Grade II designation and mainly agricultural related, except for Highlow Hall and its archway entrance, both dating from the 16th century and at the higher designation of Grade II*.<ref name=":0" />
=== Local monuments ===
{{Further|Scheduled monument|Tumulus}}
The wider region is known for a wide range of prehistoric artefacts and Roman locations spread throughout.
The only scheduled monument recorded in Highlow is a [[cairn]]<nowiki/>field located around {{Convert|600|m|mi|frac=4}} west of Highlow Hall.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Stuff|first=Good|title=Cairnfield 600m west of Highlow Hall, Highlow, Derbyshire|url=https://ancientmonuments.uk/115206-cairnfield-600m-west-of-highlow-hall-highlow|access-date=2021-10-12|website=ancientmonuments.uk}}</ref>
A tumulus is further to the west by the parish boundary.
=== Abney and Bretton Clough SSSI ===
{{Further|Site of Special Scientific Interest}}
This extends from Highlow Wood in the south of the parish, encircling north of Bole Hill, before encompassing the south western legs of the parish and the valley of the Bretton Brook, and continuing into the Abney Grange area. Bretton Clough is characterised by deep basin peats occurring within pockets of the landslip formations of its valley slopes.<ref name=":3" />
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Highlow}}
* [https://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=Leadmill_Bridge Leadmill Bridge at Sabre Roads website]
{{Navbox
| name = Neighbouring parishes
| title = Neighbouring [[Civil parish|civil parishes]]
| navbar = plain
| state = expanded
| list1 =  [[Abney and Abney Grange]] • [[Eyam]] • [[Foolow]] • [[Grindleford]] • [[Hathersage]] • [[Offerton, Derbyshire|Offerton]]
}}
{{Derbyshire|state=expanded}}
<!--- Categories --->
[[Category:Civil parishes in Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Derbyshire Dales]]