View source for Hopea

{{Short description|Genus of trees}}
{{distinguish|Hopia}}
{{about|the genus|the surname|Hopea (surname)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Hopea parviflora.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Hopea parviflora]]''
|taxon = Hopea
|authority = Roxb., ''nom. cons.''<ref name=Ashton/>
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = About 104.  See text.
|synonyms =
*''Balanocarpus'' <small>Beddome</small>
*''Dioticarpus'' <small>Dunn</small>
*''Hancea'' <small>Pierre</small>
*''Peirrea'' <small>F.Heim</small>
*''Petalandra'' <small>Hasskarl</small>
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=115736 |title=Flora of China |volume=13 |year=2007 |chapter=''Hopea'' Roxburgh |author=Xi-wen Li, Jie Li and Peter S. Ashton}}</ref><ref name="POWO">{{cite web |title=''Hopea'' Roxb. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329418-2#children |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=3 June 2023}}</ref>
}}
'''''Hopea''''' is a genus of [[plant]]s in the family [[Dipterocarpaceae]]. It contains some 113 species, distributed from [[Sri Lanka]] and southern [[India]] to the [[Andaman Islands]], [[Myanmar]], southern [[China]], and southward throughout [[Malesia]] to [[New Guinea]]. They are mainly main and [[subcanopy]] [[tree]]s of lowland [[rainforest]],<ref name=Ashton/> but some species can become also [[Rainforest#Emergent layer|emergent]] trees, such as ''[[Hopea nutans]]''.
The genus was named after [[John Hope (botanist)|John Hope]], the first [[Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh|Regius Keeper]] of the [[Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh|Royal Botanic Garden]], [[Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=de Lirio |first1=Elton John |last2=Freitas |first2=Joelcio |title=Request for a binding decision on whether ''Hopea'' Roxb. (''Dipterocarpaceae'') and ''Hopia'' Zuloaga & Morrone (''Poaceae'') are sufficiently alike to be confused |date=August 2014 |journal=Taxon |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=948 |doi=10.12705/634.38|doi-access=free }}</ref>{{rp|948}}
== Botany ==
Trees in this genus are small or medium, but they can grow occasionally large. They have low branches and sometimes thick buttress roots. Their bark is chocolate brown and smooth at first, but later crack and mottle with grey spots.<ref name="FM">{{cite journal |last1=Ashton |first1=Peter S. |title=Dipterocarpaceae |date=2016 |url=https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/532631 |journal=Flora Malesiana |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=237–552 |via=Naturalis Institutional Repository}}</ref>{{rp|391–392}}
== Species ==
Species accepted:<ref name="POWO"/>
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*''[[Hopea acuminata]]'' {{small|Merr.}}
*''[[Hopea aequalis]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea altocollina]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea andersonii]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea apiculata]]'' {{small|Symington}}
*''[[Hopea aptera]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea auriculata]]'' {{small|Foxw.}}
*''[[Hopea bancana]]'' {{small|(Boerl.) Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea basilanica]]'' {{small|Foxw.}}
*''[[Hopea beccariana]]'' {{small|Burck}}
*''[[Hopea bilitonensis]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea brachyptera]]'' {{small|(Foxw.) Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea bracteata]]'' {{small|Burck}}
*''[[Hopea brevipetiolaris]]'' {{small|(Thwaites ex Trimen) P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea bullatifolia]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea cagayanensis]]'' {{small|(Foxw.) Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea canarensis]]'' {{small|Hole}}
*''[[Hopea celebica]]'' {{small|Burck}}
*''[[Hopea celtidifolia]]'' {{small|Kosterm.}}
*''[[Hopea centipeda]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea cernua]]'' {{small|Teijsm. & Binn.}}
*''[[Hopea chinensis]]'' {{small|(Merr.) Hand.-Mazz.}}
*''[[Hopea cordata]]'' {{small|J.E.Vidal}}
*''[[Hopea cordifolia]]'' {{small|(Thwaites) Trimen}}
*''[[Hopea coriacea]]'' {{small|Burck}}
*''[[Hopea dasyrrhachis]]'' {{small|Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea depressinerva]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea discolor]]'' {{small|Thwaites}}
*''[[Hopea dryobalanoides]]'' {{small|Miq.}}
*''[[Hopea dyeri]]'' {{small|F.Heim}}
*''[[Hopea enicosanthoides]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea erosa]]'' {{small|(Bedd.) Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea ferrea]]'' {{small|Laness.}}
*''[[Hopea ferruginea]]'' {{small|Parijs}}
*''[[Hopea fluvialis]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea forbesii]]'' {{small|(Brandis) Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea foxworthyi]]'' {{small|Elmer}}
*''[[Hopea glabra]]'' {{small|Wight & Arn.}}
*''[[Hopea glabrifolia]]'' {{small|C.T.White}}
*''[[Hopea glaucescens]]'' {{small|Symington}}
*''[[Hopea gregaria]]'' {{small|Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea griffithii]]'' {{small|Kurz}}
*''[[Hopea hainanensis]]'' {{small|Merr. & Chun}}
*''[[Hopea helferi]]'' {{small|(Dyer) Brandis}}
*''[[Hopea inexpectata]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea iriana]]'' {{small|Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea jacobi]]'' {{small|C.E.C.Fisch.}}
*''[[Hopea johorensis]]'' {{small|Symington}}
*''[[Hopea jucunda]]'' {{small|Thwaites}}
*''[[Hopea kerangasensis]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea latifolia]]'' {{small|Symington}}
*''[[Hopea longirostrata]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea macrocarpa]]'' {{small|Poopath & Sookch.}}
*''[[Hopea malibato]]'' {{small|Foxw.}}
*''[[Hopea megacarpa]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea mengarawan]]'' {{small|Miq.}}
*''[[Hopea mesuoides]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea micrantha]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}}
*''[[Hopea mindanensis]]'' {{small|Foxw.}}
*''[[Hopea modesta]]'' {{small|(A.DC.) Kosterm.}}
*''[[Hopea montana]]'' {{small|Symington}}
*''[[Hopea myrtifolia]]'' {{small|Miq.}}
*''[[Hopea nervosa]]'' {{small|King}}
*''[[Hopea nigra]]'' {{small|Burck}}
*''[[Hopea nodosa]]'' {{small|Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea novoguineensis]]'' {{small|Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea nutans]]'' {{small|Ridl.}}
*''[[Hopea oblongifolia]]'' {{small|Dyer}}
*''[[Hopea obscurinerva]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea odorata]]'' {{small|Roxb.}}
*''[[Hopea ovoidea]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea pachycarpa]]'' {{small|(F.Heim) Symington}}
*''[[Hopea papuana]]'' {{small|Diels}}
*''[[Hopea parviflora]]'' {{small|Bedd.}}
*''[[Hopea parvifolia]]'' {{small|(Warb.) Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea paucinervis]]'' {{small|Parijs}}
*''[[Hopea pedicellata]]'' {{small|(Brandis) Symington}}
*''[[Hopea pentanervia]]'' {{small|Symington ex G.H.S.Wood}}
*''[[Hopea philippinensis]]'' {{small|Dyer}}
*''[[Hopea pierrei]]'' {{small|Hance}}
*''[[Hopea plagata]]'' {{small|(Blanco) S.Vidal}}
*''[[Hopea polyalthioides]]'' {{small|Symington}}
*''[[Hopea ponga]]'' {{small|(Dennst.) Mabb.}}
*''[[Hopea pterygota]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea pubescens]]'' {{small|Ridl.}}
*''[[Hopea quisumbingiana]]'' {{small|H.G.Gut.}} <ref>{{cite web |title=''Hopea quisumbingiana'' |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77222162-1 |website=Plants of the World Online (POWO) |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=3 June 2023}}</ref>
*''[[Hopea racophloea]]'' {{small|Dyer}}
*''[[Hopea recopei]]'' {{small|Pierre ex Laness.}}
*''[[Hopea reticulata]]'' {{small|Tardieu}}
*''[[Hopea reynosoi]]'' {{small|H.G.Gut., Rojo & Madulid}}
*''[[Hopea rudiformis]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea rugifolia]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea samarensis]]'' {{small|H.G.Gut.}}
*''[[Hopea sangal]]'' {{small|Korth.}}
*''[[Hopea santosiana]]'' {{small|H.G.Gut., Rojo & Madulid}}
*''[[Hopea scabra]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea schmidtii]]'' {{small|F.Heim}}
*''[[Hopea semicuneata]]'' {{small|Symington}}
*''[[Hopea shingkeng]]'' {{small|(Dunn) Bor}}
*''[[Hopea similis]]'' {{small|Slooten}}
*''[[Hopea sphaerocarpa]]'' {{small|(F.Heim) P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea subalata]]'' {{small|Symington}}
*''[[Hopea sublanceolata]]'' {{small|Symington}}
*''[[Hopea subpeltata]]'' {{small|Poopath & Pooma}}
*''[[Hopea sulcata]]'' {{small|Symington}}
*''[[Hopea tenuinervula]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea thorelii]]'' {{small|Pierre}}
*''[[Hopea treubii]]'' {{small|F.Heim}}
*''[[Hopea ultima]]'' {{small|P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea utilis]]'' {{small|(Bedd.) Bole}}
*''[[Hopea vacciniifolia]]'' {{small|Ridl. ex P.S.Ashton}}
*''[[Hopea vesquei]]'' {{small|F.Heim}}
*''[[Hopea vietnamensis]]'' {{small|H.V.Sam & V.D.Vu}}
*''[[Hopea wyattsmithii]]'' {{small|G.H.S.Wood ex P.S.Ashton}}
}}
Other species recently used, but now not accepted include:
*''[[Hopea exalata]]'', now a synonym of ''[[Hopea reticulata]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=''Hopea exalata'' W.T.Lin, Y.Y.Yang & Q.S.Hsue |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320884-1 |website=Plants of the World Online (POWO) |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
*''Hopea kitulgallensis'', not now accepted<ref>{{cite web |title=''Hopea kitulgallensis'' |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329418-2#children |website=Plants of the World Online (POWO) |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
*''Hopea malabarica'', now a synonym of ''[[Hopea racophloea]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=''Hopea malabarica'' Bedd. |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320937-1 |website=Plants of the World Online (POWO) |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
*''[[Hopea siamensis]]'', now a synonym of ''[[Hopea pierrei]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=''Hopea siamensis'' F.Heim |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320999-1 |website=Plants of the World Online (POWO) |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
*''[[Hopea wightiana]]'' Wall., now a synonym of ''[[Hopea ponga]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=''Hopea wightiana'' Wall. ex Wight & Arn. |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:321025-1 |website=Plants of the World Online (POWO) |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Hopea beccariana Base du tronc.JPG|''[[Hopea beccariana]]''
File:A leaf of Hopea odorata.jpg|''[[Hopea odorata]]''
</gallery>
==References==
{{Reflist |30em | refs =
<ref name=Ashton>{{Cite book|last1=Ashton |first1=P. S. |date=September 2004 |contribution=''Hopea'' Roxb. |contribution-url=http://www.chm.frim.gov.my/backup/TFSS.vol4_5_6.pdf |editor1-last=Soepadmo |editor1-first=E. |editor2-last=Saw |editor2-first=L. G. |editor3-last=Chung |editor3-first=R. C. K. |title=Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak |volume=5 |pages=138–184 |publisher=[[Forest Research Institute Malaysia]] |isbn=983-2181-59-3 |url=http://www.chm.frim.gov.my/Resources/Publications/Books/Floras/Tree-Flora-of-Sabah-and-Sarawak.aspx |version=(free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions) |access-date=21 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927074942/http://www.chm.frim.gov.my/Resources/Publications/Books/Floras/Tree-Flora-of-Sabah-and-Sarawak.aspx |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref>
}}
{{Commons category|position=left}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2673227}}
[[Category:Hopea| ]]
[[Category:Dipterocarpaceae genera]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
{{Dipterocarpaceae-stub}}