View source for Horace H. F. Jayne

{{short description|American art historian}}
'''Horace Howard Furness Jayne''' (Cape May, New Jersey, 9 June 1898 &ndash; 6 August 1975, [[Palm Beach, Florida|Palm Beach]], Florida) was an American museum director and curator, art historian, and expert on Asian art who served as the director of the [[University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology]] (the Penn Museum) and the vice-director of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Penn Libraries|title=Horace H.F. Jayne Director's Office Records, 1929-1940|url=http://dla.library.upenn.edu/dla/ead/ead.html?fq=repository_facet:%22Penn%20Museum%20Archives%22&id=EAD_upenn_museum_PUMu000104|access-date=2021-09-28|website=dla.library.upenn.edu}}</ref>
==Upbringing==
He was the son of [[University of Pennsylvania]] professor [[Horace Jayne]] and author [[Caroline Furness Jayne]], and the grandson and namesake of Shakespearean scholar [[Horace Howard Furness]]. He grew up in [[Philadelphia]] and [[Wallingford, Pennsylvania]], and attended [[Episcopal Academy]]. Both parents died when he was in his teens; afterward he and his sister Kate lived with their uncle Dr. [[William Henry Furness III]]. He graduated from [[Harvard University]] in 1919, and was a member of its 1923-24 and 1925-26 archaeological expeditions to northwest China, sponsored by the [[Harvard Art Museums|Fogg Art Museum]].<ref>Dilys P. Winegrad, ''Through Time, Across Continents: A Hundred Years of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University Museum'' (University of Pennsylvania Museum, 1993), p. 98.</ref> He received a master's degree in art history from the University of Pennsylvania in 1933.<ref name="NYTobit">[https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/02/archives/horace-jayne-77-art-curator-dies-exphiladelphia-and-met-aide-was.html "Horace Jayne, 77, Art Curator, Dies,"] ''The New York Times'', August 2, 1975.</ref>
==Career==
[[File:Pma, giardino giapponese.JPG|thumb|Temple of the Attainment of Happiness Shofukuji ({{circa}} 1400), Philadelphia Museum of Art.]]
[[File:Casa de Té Philadelphia 03.JPG|thumb|Ceremonial Teahouse Sunkaraku ({{circa}} 1917), Ōgi Rodō, architect, Philadelphia Museum of Art.]]
[[File:Duque Zhao Philadelphia 01.JPG|thumb|Reception Hall ({{circa}} 1640), Philadelphia Museum of Art.]]
He joined the staff of the [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] (PMA) in 1921, and was made curator of East Asian art in 1923.<ref name="NYTobit"/> He served as director of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 1929-1940; and as vice-director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1941-1949.<ref name="NYTobit"/>
During [[World War II]], he was a member of the [[Roberts Commission|American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas]], which provided the U.S. military with lists of and reports on cultural treasures in Europe and the Pacific Arena. The committee's recommendations led to creation of the [[Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program|Monuments Men program]].<ref>[http://www.monumentsmenfoundation.org/the-heroes/the-roberts-commission Roberts Commission], from Monuments Men Foundation.</ref> The [[U.S. State Department]] took over the program in 1946, and Jayne was the first American civilian sent to China after the war.<ref>Sarah Staniforth, ''Historical Perspectives on Preventive Conservation'' (Getty Publications, 2013), p. 155.</ref> He headed the China desk of [[Voice of America]], 1949-1953.<ref name="StPeteobit"/>
He returned to PMA in 1953 as acting chief of Eastern Art, and was named vice-director of the museum the following year.<ref name="StPeteobit"/> He retired from PMA in 1960, and moved to [[Seminole, Florida]].<ref>Peri Tucker, "Art Innovator Horace Jayne," ''The St. Petersburg Times'', June 10, 1962, p. 19.</ref> He was advisory curator at the [[Museum of Fine Arts (St. Petersburg, Florida)|Museum of Fine Arts]] in [[St. Petersburg, Florida]], 1961-1966; and curator of Asian arts at the [[Norton Museum of Art]] in [[West Palm Beach, Florida]] from 1966 to his death in 1975.<ref name="StPeteobit">"Horace Jayne, Art Expert," ''The Evening Independent'' (St. Petersburg, Florida), August 4, 1975, p. 6-C.</ref>
===PMA acquisitions===
The Philadelphia Museum of Art's massive new building opened in March 1928, but with only about a sixth of its planned galleries completed and open to the public.<ref name="PMA2004"/> That summer, director [[Fiske Kimball]] sent Jayne on a major buying trip to acquire architectural settings in which to exhibit PMA's East Asian art. In [[Nara Prefecture]], Japan, Jayne purchased a circa-1400 temple,<ref>[http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/165177.html?mulR=1980848054|1 Temple of the Attainment of Happiness], from Philadelphia Museum of Art.</ref> and in [[Tokyo]], a traditional teahouse by architect Ōgi Rodō (1863&ndash;1941).<ref>[http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/41886.html?mulR=1216177289|11 Ceremonial Teahouse Sunkaraku], from Philadelphia Museum of Art.</ref> In China, he purchased a circa-1775 scholar's study<ref>[http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/42577.html?mulR=1144848216|1 Scholar's Study], from Philadelphia Museum of Art.</ref> and a circa-1640 reception hall,<ref>[http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/42422.html?mulR=489599403|1 Reception Hall], from Philadelphia Museum of Art.</ref> both in [[Beijing]].
====Reception Hall====
The late-[[Ming dynasty]] reception hall was from a minor palace outside the [[Forbidden City]].<ref name="PMA2004">Adriana Proser, Sally Malenka & Beth A. Price, "Painted Splendor: The Context and Conservation of a Chinese Reception Hall in the Philadelphia Museum of Art," ''Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin'', vol. 92, nos. 389-90 (Winter 2004).</ref> The palace was built by Wang Cheng'en, a [[eunuch]] and loyal attendant to the last Ming emperor, [[Chongzhen Emperor]] (reign: 1628-1644).{{efn|Research by PMA Assistant Curator of East Asian Art Adriana Proser, published in 2004, indicates that Jayne misidentified the reception hall's original owner in a 1929 article in ''The Pennsylvania Museum Bulletin''.<ref>Horace H. F. Jayne, "A Collection of Chinese Paintings Given with an Interior for Their Exhibition," ''The Pennsylvania Museum Bulletin'', vol. 24, no. 28 (May 1929), p. 15.</ref> This error was perpetuated for 75 years until corrected by Proser.<ref name="PMA2004"/>}} [[Li Zicheng]] and the [[Shun dynasty|Shun rebel army]] began their invasion of Beijing on April 24, 1644. The next day, the emperor and his imperial household committed suicide.<ref name="PMA2004"/>
The building was constructed of wood, but its columns rested upon stone footings and its roof was of tile. The interior of the main room &ndash; 26&nbsp;ft (7.92 m) tall, 45&nbsp;ft (13.72 m) wide, and 35.5&nbsp;ft (10.82 m) deep &ndash; featured beams and carved brackets decorated with intricately painted animals, birds, flowers and [[Chinese characters]].<ref name="PMA2004"/> Much of its nearly-300-year-old painted decoration survived.
The building was disassembled, and the numbered pieces arrived in Philadelphia by ship in Summer 1929.<ref name="PMA2004"/> The [[Great Depression]] dealt a crippling blow to private fund-raising to finish the PMA interiors. Beginning in 1935, unemployed craftsmen were given work completing the galleries under the [[Works Progress Administration|WPA]].<ref name="PMA2004"/> Reassembly of the reception hall began in 1937, and it was unveiled with the opening of the museum's Asian art wing in 1940.<ref name="PMA2004"/>
===Penn Museum===
In 1929, at age 31, Jayne became director of the University of Pennsylvania Museum, with its collection that focused on archaeology and anthropology. He and Kimball entered into a gentleman's agreement that they would not compete for artworks or artifacts. Each assessed his museum's holdings in various categories, and exchanged objects to build upon whichever had the stronger collection.<ref>Edward J. Sozanski, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160918124211/http://articles.philly.com/1986-11-20/news/26093442_1_art-museum-african-art-philadelphia-museum "A Museum Pact Breeds an Exhibit; Penn Holdings Will be Shown at Art Museum,"] ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', November 20, 1986.</ref>
During his tenure at the Penn Museum, Jayne coordinated the Penn team that, in partnership with the British Museum, excavated the site of [[Ur]] in Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq). He worked with [[Leonard Woolley|Charles Leonard Woolley]], who oversaw the excavations at [[Ur|Tell al-Muqayyar]] (ancient Ur) – the first excavations done in the modern nation-state of Iraq. Jayne urged Woolley to terminate excavations after his eleventh season (1932-1933) in the field, in part because the Great Depression had depleted Penn Museum's financial resources.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zettler|first=Richard|title="Woolley's Excavations at Ur: New Perspectives from Artifact Inventories, Field Records, and Archival Documentation," in Ur in the Twenty-First Century CE, ed. Grant Frame, Joshua Jeffers, and Holly Pittman|publisher=Eisenbrauns|year=2021|location=University Park, PA|pages=7–34}}</ref>
===Published works===
Jayne edited the letters of his grandfather, Horace Howard Furness. He wrote numerous articles for the ''Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin'', the ''University Museum Bulletin'', the ''Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin'', and other publications. He was co-editor (with [[Langdon Warner]] of the Fogg Art Museum) of ''Eastern Art'', a quarterly journal that debuted in 1930 and folded in 1931 after 5 issues.<ref>[http://dla.library.upenn.edu/dla/pacscl/ead.html?showall=sort&fq=genre_form_facet%3A%22Correspondence%22&id=PACSCL_PMA_PMA008 Langdon Warner records,''] from Philadelphia Museum of Art.</ref>
* ''The Letters of Horace Howard Furness'' (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1922), H. H. F. Jayne, ed.[https://archive.org/stream/lettersofhoraceh01furn#page/n9/mode/2up]
* ''The Chinese Collections of the University Museum: A Handbook of the Principal Objects'' (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1941)[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000011916864;view=1up;seq=1]
* ''A Handbook of the Chinese Collections in the Norton Gallery and School of Art'' (West Palm Beach, FL: Palm Beach Art Institute, 1972)<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Chinese-Collections-Norton-Gallery/dp/0943411076/ref=sr_1_12?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1474236612&sr=1-12&refinements=p_27%3AHorace+Jayne ''A Handbook of the Chinese Collections in the Norton Gallery and School of Art'' (1972)], from Amazon.com</ref>
==Personal==
[[File:Lindenshade Philadelphia Suburban Homes 1889.jpg|thumb|"Lindenshade" (1873, demolished 1940), Wallingford, Pennsylvania, [[Frank Furness]], architect]]
Jayne inherited "[[Lindenshade (Wallingford, Pennsylvania)|Lindenshade]]," his grandfather's house and estate in [[Wallingford, Pennsylvania]].
On June 5, 1928, he married Henrietta M. E. Bache (1908&ndash;1977), and they had five sons: twins Horace Jr. (1929&ndash;1987) and Franklin Bache (1929&ndash;2003), Charles (b. 1930), Timothy (1932&ndash;2018), and Fairman Rogers (b. 1936).
He was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1934.<ref>[http://www.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Jayne&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced Member History], from American Philosophical Society.</ref>
He and his wife are buried at [[The Woodlands (Philadelphia)|Woodlands Cemetery]] in [[West Philadelphia]].
==See also==
* [[Horace Jayne House]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*{{Find a Grave|135783103}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayne, Horace H. F.}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:Furness family]]
[[Category:People from Delaware County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:American art historians]]
[[Category:Artists from Philadelphia]]
[[Category:American art curators]]
[[Category:Directors of museums in the United States]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:People associated with the Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
[[Category:People associated with the Philadelphia Museum of Art]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology]]
[[Category:Members of the Philadelphia Club]]
[[Category:Monuments men]]
[[Category:Historians from Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:20th-century American archaeologists]]