View source for Hudson River State Hospital

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Hudson River State Hospital<br />Main Building
| nrhp_type = nhl
| image = Hudson River State Hospital.jpeg
| caption = Hospital in 2012
| location = [[Poughkeepsie (town), New York|Town of Poughkeepsie]], [[New York (state)|NY]]
| nearest_city = [[Poughkeepsie (city), New York|Poughkeepsie]]
| coordinates = {{coord|41|43|59|N|73|55|41|W|display=inline,title}}
| area = {{convert|296|acre}}
| built = 1868–1871
| architect = [[Frederick Clarke Withers]] (construction) <br> [[Calvert Vaux]] and [[Frederick Law Olmsted]] (landscape)
| architecture = [[High Victorian Gothic]]
| designated_nrhp_type = June 30, 1989<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2062&ResourceType=Building |title=Hudson River State Hospital, Main Building |date=2007-09-15 |work=National Historic Landmark summary listing |publisher=National Park Service |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605234607/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2062&ResourceType=Building |archive-date=2011-06-05 }}</ref>
| added = June 29, 1989<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| refnum = 89001166
| mpsub =
}}
The '''Hudson River State Hospital''' is a former [[New York (state)|New York]] state [[psychiatric hospital]] which operated from 1873 until its closure in the early 2000s. The campus is notable for its main building, known as a "Kirkbride," which has been designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] due to its exemplary [[High Victorian Gothic]] architecture, the first use of that style for an American [[institution]]al building.<ref name="nhlsum"/><ref name="nrhpinv">{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Hudson River State Hospital, Main Building|url={{NHLS url|id=89001166}} |format=pdf|author=Carolyn Pitts|date=February 1989|publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=89001166|title=Accompanying 5 photos, aerial and exterior, from 1960, 1980, and 1985.|photos=y}}&nbsp;{{small|(1.34&nbsp;MB)}}</ref> It is located on [[U.S. Route 9 in New York|US 9]] on the [[Poughkeepsie (town), New York|Poughkeepsie]]-[[Hyde Park, New York|Hyde Park]] town line.
[[Frederick Clarke Withers]] designed the hospital's buildings in 1867. [[Calvert Vaux]] and [[Frederick Law Olmsted]] designed the grounds. It was intended to be completed quickly, but went far over its original schedule and budget. The hospital opened on October 18, 1871 as the '''Hudson River State Hospital for the Insane'''<ref name="Hudson River State Hospital for the Insane">{{cite news|title=Hudson River State Hospital for the Insane|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1872/12/26/79205947.pdf|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|date=December 27, 1872|access-date=May 26, 2012}}</ref> and admitted its first 40 patients. Construction, however, was far from over and would continue for another 25 years. A century later, it was slowly closed down as psychiatric treatment had changed enough that large hospitals were no longer needed, and its services had been served by the nearby [[Hudson River Psychiatric Center]] until that facility's closure in January 2012.
The campus was closed and abandoned in 2003 and fell into a state of disrepair. Authorities struggled with the risk of [[arson]] and vandals after suspicion of an intentionally set fire. The male bedding ward, south of the main building, was critically damaged in a 2007 fire caused by lightning. The property was sold to an unnamed buyer in November 2013.<ref name="Former Hudson River Psychiatric Center site to be sold">{{cite news|title=Former Hudson River Psychiatric Center site to be sold|url=http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/article/20131107/BUSINESS/311070048/Former-Hudson-River-Psychiatric-Center-site-sold|newspaper=[[Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=November 7, 2013|access-date=December 4, 2013}}</ref> The site is currently being developed as a $300 million mixed-use project called Hudson Heritage, which will include 750 residential units, commercial space, medical office space, a hotel, and a conference center.<ref name="Farrell">{{cite web|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2019/08/14/photo-book-unveils-life-history-hudson-river-state-hospital/1997429001/|title=Through photographs, history of 'Hudson River State Hospital' unveiled|last=Farrell|first=Barbara Gallo|work=www.poughkeepsiejournal.com|date=August 14, 2019|access-date=August 14, 2019}}</ref>
==Buildings==
[[Image:Hudson River Psychiatric Center front view.jpg|right|thumb|The Cheney Building as visible from a nearby strip mall, with Ryon Hall to the right.]]
The Hospital includes a number of unique buildings:
*'''Main Building''' (the '''Kirkbride'''), a [[High Victorian Gothic]] building used for administrative purposes. This building will be preserved for future purposes.
*'''Patient Wings''', which split off the Kirkbride, housed patients. The male ward splits off to the south, and is much larger than the female wing to the north. It was struck by lightning on May 31, 2007, igniting a serious fire. These wings will be demolished sometime in the future.
*Presbyterian and Roman Catholic churches were available to patients, one of which was near the male ward. One of the churches will be preserved for future use.
*A [[morgue]], with refrigerated cold chambers was located on the northeast corner of the property. This building will be demolished sometime in the future.
*A [[power station|power house]] was built, and still stands, to the northeast of the Kirkbride to provide power to the various buildings. Its [[chimney|smokestack]] is visible from Route 9 as well as nearby [[Marist College]]. This building will be demolished sometime in the future.
*'''Ryon Hall''' opened in 1934 and housed violent or criminally insane patients.<ref name="Ryon Hall">{{cite book|title=Acts of Conscience:World War II, Mental Institutions, and Religious Objectors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYBL5GBTBUcC&q=ryan|year=2009|access-date=May 27, 2012|isbn = 9780815609155|last1 = Taylor|first1 = Steven J.}}</ref> It was on the very southern property line, visible from Home Depot, in the shadow of the much larger Cheney Building. The building was demolished on October 14, 2019.
*The '''Clarence O. Cheney Building''', opened in 1952,<ref name="Hudson River State Hospital">{{cite web|title=Hudson River State Hospital - Cheney Building|url=http://www.emporis.com/building/hudsonriverstatehospitalcheneymemorialbuilding-poughkeepsie-ny-usa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414082745/http://www.emporis.com/building/hudsonriverstatehospitalcheneymemorialbuilding-poughkeepsie-ny-usa|url-status=usurped|archive-date=April 14, 2014|access-date=2012-05-27}}</ref> is a ten-story steel structure with a brick facade. Named after Dr. Clarence O. Cheney, MD (1887-1947), the president of the [[American Psychiatric Association]] from 1935 to 1936, and hospital's superintendent from the 1920s until 1946,<ref name="Foreword by Dr. Clarence O. Cheney, MD">{{cite news|title=Psychiatric Quarterly, Vol 21, No. 4|doi=10.1007/BF01654328}}</ref> the building held doctor's offices and medical examination rooms. The building did provide some patient housing. This building was demolished in 2020.<ref name="Evening News">{{cite news|title=Patient Charged with Rape|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1982&dat=19870921&id=VTxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=5417,2104323|newspaper=The Evening News|date=September 21, 1987|access-date=May 26, 2012}}</ref>
*The '''Herman B.''' '''Snow Rehabilitation Center''' opened in 1971 and provided recreational relief for patients, sporting two [[bowling alley]] lanes, a lunch counter, an auditorium, a basketball court, and an indoor [[swimming pool]]. The building featured a modern concrete and glass construction with angular asymmetrical wings. Skylights provided natural lighting. This building was demolished in 2019.
==History==
The entire facility was built over the last three decades of the 19th century, at great cost. Once complete, it would be used as intended for much of the first half of the next century. As psychiatry moved away from inpatient treatments, it began to decline in use until its closure at century's end. Today, it is slowly deteriorating out of public view as it awaits reuse.
===19th century===
New York had opened what has since become [[Utica Psychiatric Center]] in 1843, the first state-run institution for the [[mental illness|mentally ill]]. By the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] it was reaching its capacity, so in 1866 then [[List of Governors of New York|Governor]] [[Reuben Fenton]] appointed a five-member state commission to look for a site for a second hospital in the [[Hudson Valley]] between [[New York City|New York]] and [[Albany, New York|Albany]], to serve New York City and the counties of Eastern New York.<ref name="Commission">{{cite news|title=Hudson River Insane Hospital|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 25, 1868}}, cited at [http://www.historic51.org/sources.shtml Hudson River State Hospital] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205225434/http://historic51.org/sources.shtml |date=2007-12-05 }}, retrieved from historic51.org November 11, 2007.</ref> In January of the following year the members reported to the governor that they had temporarily secured a {{convert|296|acre|adj=on}} tract of land overlooking the [[Hudson River]] north of Poughkeepsie, formerly part of the [[estate (house)|estates]] of [[James Roosevelt I|James Roosevelt]] and William A. Davis. It would cost nothing as the citizens of [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess County]] would be offering it to the state as a gift. Two months later, the state accepted.<ref name="historic51">{{cite web|title=Hudson River State Hospital |url=http://www.historic51.org/mainbuilding.shtml |access-date=2007-11-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205225347/http://historic51.org/mainbuilding.shtml |archive-date=2007-12-05 }}</ref>
A nine-member Board of Managers was created and appointed to initiate and oversee construction of the actual building. They chose architect [[Frederick Clarke Withers]] to design a building according to the [[Kirkbride Plan]], then a popular theory for the design of mental institutions. Withers planned a building 1,500 feet (457 m) in length and over 500,000 square feet (45,000 m<sup>2</sup>) in area, most of it two wings that would house patients.<ref name="historic51" /> It was the first institutional building in the U.S. designed in the [[Victorian High Gothic|High Victorian Gothic]] [[architectural style|style]].<ref name="nhlsum" /> [[Calvert Vaux]] and [[Frederick Law Olmsted]], designers of New York's [[Central Park]], laid out the surrounding [[landscape architecture|landscape]].<ref name="historic51" /> Like Withers, they had been influenced by [[Landscape architecture|landscape gardener]] [[Andrew Jackson Downing]] in nearby [[Newburgh (city), New York|Newburgh]].
The centerpiece of his design was the administration building, which branched off into two wings, composed of six parallel pavilions that flanked the central structure.<ref>Carla Yanni, ''The Architecture of Madness: Insane Asylums in the United States'', Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 2007, 113-14</ref> The two wings, designed to hold 300 patients of either sex, were divided by a [[chapel]] placed between them in the yard behind the administration building so that patients could not see into the rooms of the opposite sex.<ref name="Harpers">{{cite news|title=The Hudson River State Hospital |url=http://www.historic51.org/sources2.shtml |publisher=[[Harper's Weekly]] |date=February 28, 1974 |access-date=2007-11-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320063622/http://www.historic51.org/sources2.shtml |archive-date=March 20, 2007 }}</ref> The building and landscape plan were meant to aid in patients' recovery, by giving them adequate space and privacy and imbuing their healing with a sense of grandeur.<ref name="Architecture studion">{{cite web|first=Michelle |last=Fornabai |title=Advanced Architecture Studio IV |url=http://www.arch.columbia.edu/gsap/60058 |access-date=2007-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070907162503/http://www.arch.columbia.edu/gsap/60058 |archive-date=2007-09-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Construction began in 1868, with the cost estimated at $800,000. Cost-saving measures included the construction of a new dock on the Hudson so that building materials could be shipped more directly to the site, [[quarry]]ing and cutting the [[foundation (engineering)|foundation]] stones on site, mixing [[concrete]] from local materials and hiring local craftsmen instead of a [[general contractor]].<ref name="historic51" /> The board also deviated from the plan it had sent the state, in particular by building a shorter female wing when it came to believe that fewer patients of that sex would be admitted. As a result, it is one of the few Kirkbride hospitals to have been built with asymmetrical wings.<ref name="Kirkbride buildings">{{cite web|title=Hudson River State Hospital|url=http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/buildings/hudsonriver.html|access-date=2007-11-13}}</ref>
====Spending controversies and delays====
Despite the efforts to save money, the board was slightly over the $100,000 it had expected to spend that year, according to its first [[annual report]].<ref name="historic51" /> The main building was completed and opened, with 40 patients admitted, in October 1871. As work continued on other structures planned for the complex, so did the [[cost overrun]]s. In 1873, the year county residents had been promised the hospital would be finished,<ref name="historic51" /> the ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' ran an [[editorial]] harshly criticizing the board for not only having gone way over budget but for lavish extravagance and waste:
{{blockquote|The managers have entirely disregarded the law by which they were authorized to act. They have altered the plans and specifications ... Some of the details of the extravagance of the board are amazing. For instance, the first part of the work undertaken was the construction of a reservoir, into which the water was pumped from the river through an eight-inch (''20 cm'') iron pipe; from the reservoir the water was carried to the hospital by a twelve-inch (''30 cm'') iron pipe, the engine and machinery employed being on the scale of those used in supplying a neighboring city of 20,000 inhabitants. The cost of the reservoir was $100,000. Thirty thousand dollars was expended in blasting some rough rocks jutting into the reservoir, and the Superintendent gave as a reason for this that, if some of the patients were missing, they might want to rake the bottom of the reservoir to find the bodies, and with this the rocks would interfere ... The floors are laid in yellow Southern pine, the most expensive of the flooring, fitted and cut in a way greatly to enhance the cost. The heating is arranged on a scale that, with only 150 patients, ten tons (''9 tonnes'') of coal per day is consumed. The mention of these items sufficiently explains the disappearance of $1,200,000 of the people's money.<ref name="NYT editorial">{{cite news|title=An Extraordinary Job |url=http://www.historic51.org/sources1.shtml |date=July 4, 1863 |access-date=2007-11-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320051426/http://www.historic51.org/sources1.shtml |archive-date=March 20, 2007 }}</ref>}}
Some efforts were made to stop the project, but the [[New York State Legislature|legislature]] continued to appropriate funds despite further revelations like these. Construction continued until 1895, when further money could not be found. Despite this expenditure of time and money, the hospital's original plan was still not complete, and never would be.
===20th century===
A Refrigerating Plant was built 1948 and a Tubercular Hospital was built in 1951 to the designs of [[Samuel Juster]] of [[DePace & Juster]].<ref name=AAD>''[[American Architects Directory]]'', First Edition ([[New York City]]: [[R.R. Bowker LLC]], 1956), p.236</ref> Buildings continued to be opened and reopened in the 20th century, and as late as 1952 the institution was treating as many as 6,000 patients.<ref name="historic51" />
Changes in the treatment of mental illness, such as [[psychotherapy]] and [[psychotropic drugs]], were making large-scale facilities relics and allowing more patients to lead more normal lives [[deinstitutionalization|without being committed]]. A major fire destroyed a hospital wing in the 1960s and threatened to spread to the administration building, but was halted in a connecting hallway. The section was rebuilt, although some large roof beams still showed evidence of the earlier fire. Though 1971 saw the addition of the Snow Recreational center, by the late 1970s the hospital administration had decided to shut down the two main wings as few patients were residing in them and due to neglect some of the floors had collapsed. The hospital housed 1,780 patients by 1976.<ref name="Honest Mistake is Laid to Rest">{{cite news|title=Honest Mistake is Laid to Rest|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GHBRAAAAIBAJ&pg=6851,2706605&dq=hudson+river+psychiatric&hl=en|publisher=[[The Milwaukee Sentinel]]|date=June 16, 1977|access-date=2012-05-26}}</ref> The state offices of Mental Health and [[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation|Historic Preservation]] clashed over a plan to demolish the wings, even after the [[National Historic Landmark]] designation in 1989.
In the 1990s, more and more of the hospital site would be abandoned as its services were needed less and less. It was consolidated with another Dutchess County mental hospital, [[Hudson River Psychiatric Center]], in 1994 and closed in 2003. The center moved operations into a much smaller building nearby, Ross Pavilion, located on a hilltop on the east side of Rt 9G.<ref name="modern NYT story">{{cite news|first=Claudia|last=Rowe|title=Modern Efficiency Displaces Historic Psychiatric Hospital|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A02E2D6123CF933A05756C0A9679C8B63|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 30, 2001|access-date=2007-11-15}}</ref>
==21st century==
In 2005, the state sold the property and subsequently, the [[Empire State Development Corporation]] sold {{convert|156|acre}} including the Main Building to Hudson Heritage LLC, a subsidiary of the [[Chazen Companies]], for $2.75 million.<ref name="redevelopment">{{cite web|title=Redevelopment Plan |url=http://www.historic51.org/redevelopment.shtml |access-date=2007-11-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205225429/http://historic51.org/redevelopment.shtml |archive-date=2007-12-05 }}</ref> Hudson Heritage and Chazen had planned to thoroughly renovate the Main Building into a combination hotel/apartment complex as the centerpiece of a residential/commercial campus, Hudson Heritage Park.<ref name="Chazen">{{cite web|title=Hudson Heritage Park |url=http://www.chazencompanies.com/markets/hudson.html |access-date=2007-11-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015230817/http://www.chazencompanies.com/markets/hudson.html |archive-date=2007-10-15 }}</ref>
[[Image:Hudson River Psychiatric Center fire.jpg|275px|right|thumb|May 2007 fire at the Main Building]]
Redevelopment plans hit two setbacks in the mid- to late-2000s: in 2005, the [[Poughkeepsie (town), New York|Town of Poughkeepsie]] imposed a [[Moratorium (law)|moratorium]] on new construction to cope with its growth. Hudson Heritage had been seeking to have a "historic revitalization district" created for the property that would help spur its growth.<ref name="moratorium">{{cite news|first=Michael |last=Valkys |title=Town Amends its Building Moratorium |url=http://www.historic51.org/media06.shtml |newspaper=[[Poughkeepsie Journal]] |date=February 17, 2006 |access-date=2007-11-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013160037/http://historic51.org/media06.shtml |archive-date=October 13, 2007 }}</ref>
Then, on May 31, 2007, [[lightning]] struck the sprawling south wing, which held male housing, causing one of the most serious fires in Dutchess County's history.<ref name="PoJo fire">{{cite news|first=Christine|last=Pizzutti|title=Fire engulfs building at former psychiatric center|url=http://www.forgottenphotography.com/v-web/bulletin/bb/viewtopic.php?t=142|newspaper=[[Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=June 1, 2007|access-date=2007-11-15}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref name="fire">{{cite web|first=Bill|last=Johnson|title=6+ Alarm Structure Fire - Hudson River Psychiatric Center - Fairview Fire District|url=http://fdphotounit.smugmug.com/gallery/2934697#158360220|access-date=2007-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013155624/http://fdphotounit.smugmug.com/gallery/2934697#158360220|archive-date=2007-10-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is unclear whether that portion of the building can be effectively restored after such severe damage. The Administration building was again hit by fire on the morning on April 27, 2018.
In the meantime, the property has remained closed to the public, with signs posted at fenced-off entrances. Local firefighters have complained, after dealing with two fires in April 2010 that appeared to be [[arson|deliberately set]], that the property is not adequately secured against trespassing.<ref name="PoJo 2010">{{cite news|last=Valkys|first=Michael|title=Suspicious fires at psychiatric hospital's old campus bring security push|url=http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=20105030329|publisher=[[Gannett Corporation]]|newspaper=[[Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=May 3, 2010|access-date=May 3, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
==2010s==
As of May 2012, the campus is owned by CPC Resources, a subsidiary of the [[New York City]]-based Community Preservation Corporation, a non-profit mortgage lender that finances multifamily developments. CPC has placed the 162-acre parcel on the market, citing that the poor economy has hindered timely development.<ref name="Poughkeepsie Journal">{{cite news|last=Davis|first=John|title=Psych center site development plan stalls|url=http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/article/20120428/NEWS01/304280022|publisher=[[Gannett Corporation]]|newspaper=[[Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=April 28, 2012|access-date=May 26, 2012}}</ref> [[Walmart]] has shown a strong interest in the property, but Poughkeepsie Town Supervisor Todd Tancredi noted that the Town Board cannot envision such a large piece of land used for a single store.
An unnamed buyer purchased the campus for an undisclosed sum in November 2013. The closing for the property occurred on November 8, 2013.<ref name="Former Hudson River Psychiatric Center site to be sold"/> The site is currently being developed as a $300 million mixed-use project called Hudson Heritage, which will include 750 residential units, commercial space, medical office space, a hotel, and a conference center.<ref name="Farrell"/>
==Fire==
An intentional fire was set on the morning of April 27, 2018 at the Hudson River State Hospital, according to Fairview Fire District Chief.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Barry|first1=John|title=Arson triggered Hudson River Psychiatric Center fire: chief|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/2018/04/27/fire-fighters-battle-blaze-hudson-river-psychiatric-center-property/557239002/|website=Poughkeepsie Journal|publisher=USA Today Network|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref>  The fire was located in the wing of the old Main Administration building, and firefighters were dispatched around 3:45 AM; more than a dozen agencies responded with assistance.
==Demolition==
Demolition began on July 13, 2016 when smaller auxiliary buildings were torn down.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ferro|first1=John|title=Hudson Heritage project begins with a moment of destruction|website=Poughkeepsie Journal|publisher=USA Today Network|url=https://poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/local/central-dutchess/2016/07/13/hudson-heritage-demolition-poughkeepsie/86944608/|access-date=16 October 2019}}</ref> The heavy vegetation that mostly hid the property from plain sight was cleared in summer 2019.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wilson|first1=Geoffrey|title=Hudson Heritage: Demolition at former psychiatric center lifts veil on mysterious site|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/local/2019/07/31/hudson-heritage-project-transform-hudson-river-psychiatric-center/1639202001/|website=Poughkeepsie Journal|publisher=USA Today Network|access-date=16 October 2019}}</ref> The demolition of Ryon Hall, on the extreme southern end of the property, began on October 14, 2019. As part of the mixed use site, the "Kirkbride" main administration building, library, amusement hall, chapel, and the northernmost tower of the north wing will be preserved and put in to adaptive reuse. Also, the Great Lawn will be preserved. As of May 25, 2020, the fate of the other buildings on the North Campus is still unwritten and may be added for future use.
==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}
19. Rowe, Claudia May 30, 2001. "Modern Efficiency Displaces Historic Psychiatric Hospital". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
==External links==
{{Portal|Hudson Valley}}
{{Commons category|Hudson River State Hospital}}
*[http://www.historic51.org Historic 51] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923061149/http://www.historic51.org/ |date=September 23, 2019 }}, site devoted to history and preservation of Main Building.
*[http://www.vimeo.com/kirkbrideshd/hudson High Definition video from Kirkbrides HD]
*[http://www.forbidden-places.net/urban-exploration-hudson-river-state-hospital Forbidden Places], history, original postcards and photos from 2004.
===Videos of 2007 fire===
*{{YouTube|9FYWG6tuaYY|Hudson River Psychiatric Center Fire}}
*{{YouTube|7UU4c-mT1oI|Hudson River Psychiatric Center Fire 2}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}
{{New York Psychiatric Centers}}
{{Kirkbride Plan}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1871]]
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 1871]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Poughkeepsie, New York]]
[[Category:Defunct hospitals in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Gothic Revival architecture in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1867]]
[[Category:Hudson River]]
[[Category:Kirkbride Plan hospitals]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in New York (state)]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Dutchess County, New York]]
[[Category:Psychiatric hospitals in New York (state)]]
[[Category:U.S. Route 9]]
[[Category:Victorian architecture in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Calvert Vaux designs]]
[[Category:Frederick Clarke Withers buildings]]
[[Category:1867 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Hospitals disestablished in 2003]]
[[Category:2003 disestablishments in New York (state)]]