View source for Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster

{{Short description|English landowner and aristocrat (1825–1899)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Grace (style)|His Grace]]
| name = The Duke of Westminster
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KG|PC|JP}}
| image = Hugh Grosvenor, 1. Duke of Westminster.jpg
| order1 = [[Master of the Horse]]
| term_start1 = 3 May 1880
| term_end1 = 9 June 1885
| monarch1 = [[Queen Victoria]]
| primeminister1 = [[William Ewart Gladstone]]
| predecessor1 = [[Orlando Bridgeman, 3rd Earl of Bradford|The Earl of Bradford]]
| successor1 = [[Orlando Bridgeman, 3rd Earl of Bradford|The Earl of Bradford]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1825|10|13}}
| birth_place = [[Eaton Hall, Cheshire]]<ref name="1891census">''1891 England Census''</ref>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1899|12|22|1825|10|13}}
| death_place = [[Wimborne St Giles]], Dorset
| nationality = British
| party = [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Oxford]]
| spouse = (1) Lady Constance Leveson-Gower (d. 1880) <br/> (2) Hon. Katherine Cavendish (1857–1941) (m. 1882)
| children =  Victor Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor <br/> Elizabeth Butler, Marchioness of Ormonde <br/> Beatrice Cavendish, Baroness Chesham <br/> Lord Arthur Grosvenor <br/> Lord Henry Grosvenor <br/> Lord Robert Grosvenor <br/> [[Margaret Cambridge, Marchioness of Cambridge]] <br/> Lord Gerald Grosvenor <br/> Mary Crichton, Viscountess Crichton <br/> [[Lord Hugh Grosvenor]] <br/> Helen, Lady Henry Seymour <br/> Lord Edward Grosvenor
| parents = [[Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster]] <br/> Lady Elizabeth Leveson-Gower
}}
'''Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KG|PC|JP}} (13 October 1825 – 22 December 1899), styled '''Viscount Belgrave''' between 1831 and 1845, '''Earl Grosvenor''' between 1845 and 1869, and known as '''The Marquess of Westminster''' between 1869 and 1874, was an English landowner, politician and racehorse owner.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Westminster, 1st Duke of, cr 1874, (Hugh-Lupus Grosvenor) (13 October 1825–22 December 1899)|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-192133|access-date=2021-02-08|website=WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|year=2007|language=en|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u192133|isbn=978-0-19-954089-1 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite ODNB|title=Grosvenor, Hugh Lupus, first duke of Westminster (1825–1899), landowner, racehorse owner, and politician|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-11667|access-date=2021-02-08|year = 2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/11667}}</ref> He inherited the estate of [[Eaton Hall, Cheshire|Eaton Hall]] in [[Cheshire]] and land in [[Mayfair]] and [[Belgravia]], London, and spent much of his fortune in developing these properties. Although he was an MP from the age of 22, and then a member of the [[House of Lords]], his main interests were not in politics, but rather in his estates, in horse racing, and in country pursuits. He developed the stud at Eaton Hall and achieved success in racing his horses, who won the [[Epsom Derby|Derby]] on four occasions.
==Personal life==
Hugh Lupus Grosvenor was born at [[Eaton Hall, Cheshire]], the second and eldest surviving son of [[Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster|Richard Grosvenor, 2nd&nbsp;Marquess of Westminster]] and Lady Elizabeth Leveson-Gower, the younger daughter of [[George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland|George Leveson-Gower]], the 2nd&nbsp;Marquess of Stafford and later the [[Duke of Sutherland|1st&nbsp;Duke of Sutherland]].<ref name=":1" /> He was educated at [[Eton College]] and, until 1847, at [[Balliol College, Oxford]].<ref name=":0" /> He left Oxford without taking a degree to become Member of Parliament (MP) for [[City of Chester (UK Parliament constituency)|Chester]]. This seat, a family borough, had been held by his uncle [[Robert Grosvenor, 1st Baron Ebury|Robert Grosvenor]] (later the 1st&nbsp;[[Baron Ebury]]), who decided to move to one of the two unopposed [[Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)|Middlesex]] seats. In 1851, he toured India and Ceylon.
The following year, on 28 April 1852, Grosvenor [[cousin marriage|married his first cousin]], the 17-year-old<ref name=nl27>{{Harvnb|Newton|Lumby|2002|p=27.}}</ref>  Lady Constance Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, the fourth daughter of the [[George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland|2nd&nbsp;Duke of Sutherland]].<ref name=dnb/> The wedding was held in the [[Chapel Royal]] in [[St. James's Palace|St.&nbsp;James's Palace]], London, and was attended by [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] and [[Albert, Prince Consort|Albert]].<ref name=dnb/> Constance's mother had been [[Mistress of the Robes]] to Queen Victoria and a "favourite" of the queen.<ref name=nl27/> Their first child, a son, was born in 1853, and Queen Victoria became his [[Godparent|godmother]]. By 1874, the couple had eleven children, eight of whom survived into adulthood; five sons and three daughters.<ref name=dnb>Thompson, F. M. L., (2004) (online edition 2006) '[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/11667 Grosvenor, Hugh Lupus, first duke of Westminster (1825–1899)]', ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', [[Oxford University Press]], Retrieved on 26 April 2010. {{ODNBsub}}</ref>
In 1880, Constance died from [[Bright's disease]] ([[nephritis]]). Two years later, in June 1882, Grosvenor married Katherine Cavendish, third daughter of the [[William Cavendish, 2nd Baron Chesham|2nd&nbsp;Baron Chesham]] and Henrietta Frances Lascelles. She was then aged 24; she was younger than the duke's eldest son and two of his daughters. They had four children, two sons and two daughters.<ref name=dnb/> The succession to the dukedom (and estates) was destined to devolve upon the sons born of this second marriage, because although the first marriage had produced five sons who grew to adulthood, none of them produced heirs.
==Political and public life==
[[File:1st Duke of Westminster.png|thumb|right|150px|Caricature of Grosvenor by [[Carlo Pellegrini (caricaturist)|Carlo Pellegrini]] in ''[[Vanity Fair (UK magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', 1870]]
Grosvenor was elected as [[Whig (British political party)|Whig]] MP for Chester in 1847 and continued to represent that constituency until, on the death of his father in 1869, he succeeded as 3rd&nbsp;Marquess of Westminster and entered the [[House of Lords]].  His maiden speech in the Commons was made in 1851 in a debate on disorders in Ceylon, shortly following his tour of the country.  Otherwise he took little interest in the affairs of the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] until 1866 when he expressed his opposition to [[William Ewart Gladstone|Gladstone's]] Reform Bill.  This played a part in Gladstone's resignation, the election of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby|Derby]] government and [[Benjamin Disraeli|Disraeli's]] [[Reform Act 1867|Second Reform Act]].  The relationship between Grosvenor and Gladstone later improved and in Gladstone's [[Prime Minister's Resignation Honours|resignation honours]] in 1874, Grosvenor was created the 1st Duke of Westminster.  When Gladstone became [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] again in 1880, he appointed Grosvenor as [[Master of the Horse]], a position appropriate to his interests in horse racing but "not an actively political office".<ref name=dnb/> In the 1880s Grosvenor disagreed with Gladstone again, this time about [[Irish Home Rule Movement|Home Rule for Ireland]].  During this dispute, Grosvenor sold his portrait of Gladstone that had been painted by [[John Everett Millais|Millais]].  Ten years later they were again reconciled when they both opposed atrocities by the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] against the [[Armenians]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Newton|Lumby|2002|pp=36–37.}}</ref> When Gladstone died in 1898, Grosvenor presided over a Gladstone National Memorial committee that commissioned statues of him, and rebuilt Gladstone's [[St Deiniol's Library]] at [[Hawarden]] in north Wales.<ref name=dnb/>
In 1860 Grosvenor formed the [[Queen's Westminsters|Queen's Westminster Rifle Volunteers]] and became its [[Lieutenant Colonel|lieutenant colonel]] and honorary colonel in 1881.<ref>Army List, HMSO, 1892,</ref>  He led the [[Cheshire Yeomanry]] as [[Colonel Commandant]] from 1869.<ref name=nl29>{{Harvnb|Newton|Lumby|2002|p=29.}}</ref> He also supported charities; at one time or another, he was the president of five London hospitals, the [[Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals]], the [[Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association]], the Gardeners' Royal Beneficent Association, the [[Hampstead Heath]] Protection Society, the [[Early Closing Association]], the United Committee for the Demoralization of Native Races by the Liquor Traffic, and the [[Royal Agricultural Society of England|Royal Agricultural Society]].  He was a member of the Council for the Promotion of Cremation; at that time [[cremation]] was unpopular with the Church.<ref name=dnb/> Grosvenor was chairman of the [[Queen's Nursing Institute|Queen's Jubilee Nursing Fund]], an organisation that provided [[district nurse]]s for the sick poor, through which he became associated with [[Florence Nightingale]].<ref name=nl36>{{Harvnb|Newton|Lumby|2002|p=36.}}</ref> In 1883 he was appointed as [[Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire]], and when the [[London County Council]] was created in 1888, he became the first [[Lord Lieutenant of the County of London]].<ref name=dnb/>
==Development of the estates==
The seat of the Grosvenor country estate is at [[Eaton Hall, Cheshire|Eaton Hall]] in Cheshire.  When Grosvenor inherited the estate, it was worth at least £152,000 (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|152000|1869|{{Inflation-year|UK}}|r=-4}}}} as of {{Inflation-year|UK}}){{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} a year.  After inheriting the estate, one of his first acts was to commission a statue of his [[eponym]], [[History of England#Norman England|Norman]] [[Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester|Hugh Lupus]], who had been the 1st&nbsp;[[Earl of Chester]], from [[George Frederic Watts|G.&nbsp;F.&nbsp;Watts]], to stand in the forecourt of the hall.<ref name=dnb/>
[[File:Eaton Hall c 1880 - Waterhouse's version. Photo by Francis Bedford (died 1894).JPG|thumb|upright=1.4|left|[[Eaton Hall, Cheshire|Eaton Hall]] as designed by [[Alfred Waterhouse]]]]
[[File:StMarysEccleston.JPG |thumb|upright=1.4|left|[[St Mary's Church, Eccleston]] as designed by [[George Frederick Bodley|G. F. Bodley]]]]
In 1870, Grosvenor commissioned [[Alfred Waterhouse]] to design a new house to replace the previous hall designed by [[William Porden]] and extended by [[William Burn]].  The core of the previous hall was retained, parts were completely rebuilt and other parts were refaced and remodelled.  A private wing was built as a residence for the family, connected to the main hall by a corridor.  Waterhouse also designed [[Eaton Chapel]] and its associated clocktower and redesigned the stables.<ref name=halls>{{Citation | last=Anon. |year=2002| title=Eaton Halls |publisher=Eaton Estate| location=Eaton |page=6}}</ref> It is said that the hall's guests "were not greatly amused" by the carillon of 28&nbsp;bells that played 28&nbsp;tunes and sounded every quarter of the hour during the day and night.<ref name=dnb/> The work took 12&nbsp;years to complete and cost £803,000 (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|803000|1882|{{Inflation-year|UK}}|r=-4}}}} as of {{Inflation-year|UK}}).<ref name=nl27/>{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}}  The hall has been described as "the most ambitious instance of [[Gothic Revival architecture |Gothic Revival]] domestic architecture anywhere in the country",<ref name=halls/> and as "a vast, cheerless, Gothic structure".<ref name=dnb/>
[[File:Grosvenor 1878.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Grosvenor in about 1878]]
Grosvenor paid for many buildings on his estates.  He was a patron of the Chester architect [[John Douglas (English architect)|John Douglas]].  Douglas' biographer, [[Edward Hubbard (architectural historian)|Edward Hubbard]], estimated that the duke commissioned four churches and chapels, eight large houses, about 15&nbsp;schools and institutions, about 50&nbsp;farms (in whole or part), about 300&nbsp;cottages, lodges, smithies and the like, two cheese factories, two inns, and about 12&nbsp;commercial buildings (for most of which Douglas was the architect)—and these were just the buildings in the city of Chester and on the Eaton estate.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hubbard|1991|pp=63–64.}}</ref> He commissioned [[George Frederick Bodley|G. F. Bodley]] to rebuild [[St Mary's Church, Eccleston|St Mary's Church]] in his Cheshire estate village of [[Eccleston, Cheshire|Eccleston]], which was completed in 1899, the year of his death.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pevsner|Hubbard|2003|p=213.}}</ref> He also spent money on [[Grosvenor House]] in London and [[Cliveden]] in Buckinghamshire, which he had inherited on the death of his mother-in-law.  He built shooting lodges on sporting estates in [[Sutherland]], in Scotland, that he rented from his cousin, the Duke of Sutherland.<ref name=dnb/>
The Grosvenor wealth came mainly from the [[ground rent]]s of [[Mayfair]] and [[Belgravia]] in London; these grew from about £115,000 (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|115000|1870|{{Inflation-year|UK}}|r=-4}}}} as of {{Inflation-year|UK}}) in 1870 to about £250,000 (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|250000|1899|{{Inflation-year|UK}}|r=-4}}}} as of {{Inflation-year|UK}}){{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} annually in 1899.  He oversaw much rebuilding in Mayfair and commissioned architects—such as [[Richard Norman Shaw|Norman Shaw]], [[Aston Webb]] and Alfred Waterhouse—to design new buildings.  He held his own opinions on architectural styles and decoration, favouring the [[Queen Anne Style architecture |Queen Anne style]] rather than the [[Italianate architecture |Italianate]] [[stucco]] preferred by his father; for red brick and [[terracotta]]; for stucco to be painted bright orange, and railings in chocolate or red; and for [[Oxford Street]] to be paved with wooden blocks.  He opposed the use of telegraph poles and wires and would not allow any building work during the London [[Season (society)|season]].  He encouraged the provision of more [[Urinal (restroom)|urinals]], both on his estates and in London generally, and has been described as a "one-man planning and enforcement officer".<ref name=dnb/>
==Personality and personal interests==
[[File:Orme, the Duke of Westminster's racehorse, by Holland & Tringham of Kinsclere. ILN 1892.jpg|thumb|The duke's [[Orme (horse)|Orme]] by [[Holland Tringham]], trained by [[John Porter (horseman)|John Porter]] at [[Kingsclere]]. ([[Illustrated London News]], May 1892).]]
Grosvenor's major interest was in horse racing.  In 1875, he established a racing stable at Eaton, eventually employing 30&nbsp;[[Groom (horses)|grooms]] and boys, with two or three [[stallion]]s and about 20&nbsp;breeding [[mare]]s.<ref name=":0" />  He regarded this, not so much as an extravagance, but rather as an [[Aristocracy|aristocratic]] duty.  He never gambled or placed a bet on any of his horses.  In 1880, one of his horses, ''[[Bend Or]]'', ridden by [[Frederick J. Archer|Fred Archer]], won the [[Epsom Derby|Derby]], and he had more Derby successes in 1882, 1886, and 1899.  With his successes and sale of horses, it is considered possible that this enterprise was self-financing.  Grosvenor took an interest in the country pursuits of [[deer stalking]] and shooting, both in the [[Scottish Highlands]] and on his Cheshire estate and added to the family's art collection.  Grosvenor was [[Teetotalism|teetotal]] and a supporter of [[Temperance movement|temperance]].  In his Mayfair estate he reduced the number of public houses and beerhouses from 47 to eight.<ref name=dnb/>
==Final years and death==
In 1899, the last year of his life, he supported the [[Seats for Shop Assistants Act 1899|Seats for Shop Assistants Act]] (to reduce cruelty to women employees), stalked a stag in Scotland, shot 65 [[common snipe|snipe]] in 1½&nbsp;hours in [[Aldford]] on his Cheshire estate, and attended the wedding of one of his granddaughters, [[Constance Ashley-Cooper, Countess of Shaftesbury]], in July.<ref>{{Harvnb|Newton|Lumby|2002|p=37.}}</ref>
On 11 December, while visiting the same granddaughter at the Shaftesbury estate, [[St Giles House, Wimborne St Giles|St Giles House]] in Dorset, he developed [[bronchitis]]. He frequently suffered from bouts of bronchitis in the winters and was reported to be recovering, but on 20 December his condition took a grave turn. Members of his family were summoned to St Giles, where he died two days later.<ref>{{cite news |title=Death of the Duke of Westminster |work=[[The Times]] |date=23 December 1899 |page=6 }}</ref>
He was cremated in [[Woking Crematorium]] and his ashes were buried in the churchyard of [[St Mary's Church, Eccleston|Eccleston Church]], Cheshire. The 1st Duke of Westminster had two [[cenotaph]]s erected in his honour, one in the Grosvenor Chapel of Eccleston Church and another in the south transept of [[Chester Cathedral]]. Another memorial was a stained-glass window in the south transept of [[Westminster Abbey]], dedicated by the Dean in September 1902.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The late Duke of Westminster|date=27 September 1902 |page=7 |issue=36884}}</ref>
He was succeeded as Duke of Westminster by his grandson, [[Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster|Hugh]]. At his death he was "reputedly the wealthiest man in Britain"; his estate for the purposes of [[probate]] was £594,229 (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|0.594229|1899|{{Inflation-year|UK}}|r=1}}}} million as of {{Inflation-year|UK}}),{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} and his real estate ([[entail]]ed therefore not included in his personal estate under the law of that time) was valued at about £6 million ({{Inflation|UK|6000000|1899|r=-3|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}).<ref name=dnb/>
<gallery>
File:St Mary's Church Eccleston, Grosvenor Chapel 1.JPG|Grosvenor Chapel at [[St Mary's Church, Eccleston|Eccleston Church]]: Cenotaph and Garter Banner of the 1st Duke of Westminster
File:Chester Cathedral interior 021.jpg|South transept at [[Chester Cathedral]]: Cenotaph of the 1st Duke of Westminster (detail)
St Mary's Church Eccleston, Old Churchyard - grave of Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster (1825–1899).jpg|Grave of Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster
File:St Mary's Church Eccleston, Old Churchyard - grave of Constance Gertrude (née Leveson-Gower), wife of 1st Duke of Westminster.JPG|Grave of Constance Gertrude (née Leveson-Gower), first wife of the 1st Duke of Westminster
File:St Mary's Church Eccleston, Old Churchyard - grave of Katherine Caroline (née Cavendish), widow of 1st Duke of Westminster.JPG|Grave of Katherine Caroline (née Cavendish), second wife of the 1st Duke of Westminster
</gallery>
==Family==
[[File:Grosvenor about 1855.jpg|thumb|150px|Grosvenor in about 1855]]
The Duke married twice and was the father of fifteen children, twelve of whom survived into adulthood. The difference in age between his eldest son Victor and his youngest son Edward was thirty-nine years.
The Duke's first wife, whom he married in 1852, was his first cousin, Lady Constance Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, the fourth daughter of his maternal uncle the 2nd Duke of Sutherland. They had eleven children, eight of whom survived into adulthood, being:<ref name=":0" />
*Victor Alexander Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor (28 April 1853 – 22 January 1884), who married Lady Sibell Mary Lumley, the daughter of [[Richard Lumley, 9th Earl of Scarbrough]] and Frederica Mary Adeliza Drummond.  He was the father of [[Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster]]
*[[Elizabeth, Marchioness of Ormonde|Lady Elizabeth Harriet]] (11 October 1856 – 25 March 1928), who married [[James Butler, 3rd Marquess of Ormonde]].
*Lady Beatrice Constance (14 November 1858 – 12 January 1911), who married her stepmother's brother [[Charles Cavendish, 3rd Baron Chesham]] in 1877.
*Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Arthur Hugh (31 May 1860 – 29 April 1929), who married Helen, a daughter of [[Sheffield baronets|Sir&nbsp;Robert Sheffield, 5th&nbsp;Baronet]], and is the grandfather of [[George Alston-Roberts-West]].
*Lord Henry George (23 June 1861 – 27 December 1914), who married, first, Dora Mina, the daughter of [[James Hay Erskine Wemyss|James Erskine-Wemyss]], and was the father of [[William Grosvenor, 3rd Duke of Westminster]]; and second, Rosamund Angharad, the daughter of Edward Lloyd.
*Lord Robert Edward (19 March 1869 – 16 June 1888), who died unmarried.
*[[Margaret Cambridge, Marchioness of Cambridge|Lady Margaret Evelyn]] (9 April 1873 – 27 March 1929), who married [[Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge]], younger brother of [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]].
*Captain Lord Gerald Richard (14 July 1874 – 10 October 1940), who died unmarried.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
Constance died in 1880. In June 1882, Grosvenor married Katherine Cavendish, the third daughter of the [[William Cavendish, 2nd Baron Chesham|2nd Baron Chesham]]. She had four children with him, being:
*Lady Mary Cavendish (12 May 1883 – 14 January 1959), who married, first Henry Crichton, Viscount Crichton (1872– {{KIA2}} 1914), and was the mother of [[John Crichton, 5th Earl Erne]]; and second, Colonel the Hon. Algernon Francis Stanley (1874–1962), son of [[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby]].
*[[Lord Hugh Grosvenor|Lord Hugh William]] (6 April 1884 – {{KIA2}} 30 October 1914), who married Lady Mabel Florence Mary, the daughter of [[John Crichton, 4th Earl Erne]], and who was the father of [[Gerald Grosvenor, 4th Duke of Westminster]] and [[Robert Grosvenor, 5th Duke of Westminster]].  He was killed in action in the [[First World War]].
*Lady Helen Frances (5 February 1888 – 21 October 1970), who married Brigadier-General Lord Henry Seymour (1878–1939) and was the mother of [[Hugh Seymour, 8th Marquess of Hertford]]. She gave her name to Lady Helen Seymour House, part of the former St Mary's Hospital for Women and Children in [[Plaistow, Newham|Plaistow]].<ref>{{cite web |title=St Mary's Hospital for Women and Children Upper Road, Plaistow, E13 0DL |url=https://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/stmarysplaistow.html |website=Lost Hospitals of London}}</ref>
*[[Lord Edward Grosvenor|Lord Edward Arthur]] (27 October 1892 – 26 August 1929), who married Lady Dorothy Margaret, the daughter of [[Valentine Browne, 5th Earl of Kenmare]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lord Edward Grosvenor|date=27 August 1929|work=[[The Times]]|issue=45292|page=12}}</ref>
==References==
'''Citations'''
{{Reflist}}
'''Sources'''
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation | last =Hubbard | first =Edward | author-link = Edward Hubbard (architectural historian) | title =The Work of John Douglas | publisher =[[The Victorian Society]] | year =1991 | location =London | isbn =0-901657-16-6 }}
* {{citation | last =Huxley | first =Gervas | author-link = Huxley family| title =Victorian Duke: The Life of Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, First Duke of Westminster | publisher =[[Oxford University Press]] | year =1967 }}
*{{Citation | last1 = Newton| first1 = Diana| last2 = Lumby| first2 = Jonathan| year = 2002| title = The Grosvenors of Eaton | location = Eccleston, Cheshire | publisher = Jennet Publications | isbn = 0-9543379-0-5}}
*{{Citation | last1 =Pevsner | first1 =Nikolaus | author-link =Nikolaus Pevsner | last2 = Hubbard| first2 =Edward | series= The Buildings of England| title = Cheshire| publisher =[[Yale University Press]]| year =2003| orig-year=1971| location =New Haven and London| isbn =0-300-09588-0 }}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Hansard-contribs | earl-grosvenor | the Duke of Westminster }}
{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef| before = [[Robert Grosvenor, 1st Baron Ebury|Lord Robert Grosvenor]] <br/> [[John Jervis (judge)|Sir John Jervis]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = Member of Parliament for [[Chester (UK Parliament constituency)|Chester]]
| with   = [[John Jervis (judge)|Sir John Jervis]] 1847–1850
| with2  = [[William Owen Stanley]] 1850–1857
| with3  = [[Enoch Salisbury]] 1857–1859
| with4  = [[Philip Stapleton Humberston]] 1859–1865
| with5  = [[William Henry Gladstone]] 1865–1868
| with6  = [[Henry Cecil Raikes]] 1868–1869
| years  = [[1847 United Kingdom general election|1847]]–[[1869 Chester by-election|1869]] }}
{{s-aft| after  = [[Henry Cecil Raikes]] <br/> [[Norman Grosvenor]] }}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box | title=[[Master of the Horse]] | before=[[Orlando Bridgeman, 3rd Earl of Bradford|The Earl of Bradford]] | after=[[Orlando Bridgeman, 3rd Earl of Bradford|The Earl of Bradford]] | years=1880–1885}}
{{s-hon}}
{{succession box | title=[[Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire]] | before=[[William Egerton, 1st Baron Egerton|William Egerton]] | after=[[Wilbraham Egerton, 1st Earl Egerton|The Earl Egerton]] | years=1883–1899}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Lord Lieutenant of the County of London]]
| years  = 1889–1899 }}
{{s-aft| after  = [[Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife|The Duke of Fife]] }}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-new|creation}}
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Duke of Westminster]]
| years  = 1874–1899 }}
{{s-aft| rows   = 2 | after  = [[Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster|Hugh Grosvenor]] }}
{{s-bef| before = [[Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster|Richard Grosvenor]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Marquess of Westminster]]
| years  = 1869–1899 }}
{{s-end}}
{{Dukes of Westminster}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Westminster, Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of}}
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