View source for ICD-10

{{Short description|World Health Organization medical codes}}
{{Infobox technology standard
| title             = International Classification of Diseases Version 10
| long_name         = [[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems]] 10th Revision
| image             = File:Icd10codeslogo.png
| caption           =
| status            = Active
| year_started      = 1983
| first_published   = 1994
| version           =
| version_date      =
| preview           =
| preview_date      = 1990
| organization      = [[World Health Organization]]
| committee         =
| editors           =
| authors           =
| base_standards    =
| related_standards =
| abbreviation      = ICD-10
| domain            = [[Medical classification]]
| license           =
| website           = {{URL|https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en}}
}}
'''ICD-10''' is the 10th revision of the [[International Classification of Diseases]] (ICD), a [[medical classification]] list by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases.<ref Name="WHOICD">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/factsheet/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104064222/http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/factsheet/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 4, 2012|title=International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Information Sheet|access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref> Work on ICD-10 began in 1983,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/246208/1/9789241549165-V1-eng.pdf|title=ICD-10 Fifth Edition|website=apps.who.int|page=5|access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref> became endorsed by the Forty-third [[World Health Assembly]] in 1990, and came into effect in member states on 1 January 1993.<ref name="WHOICD" /><ref name="WHOcod" /> It was replaced by [[ICD-11]] on January 1, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO releases new International Classification of Diseases (ICD 11) |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/18-06-2018-who-releases-new-international-classification-of-diseases-(icd-11) |publisher=WHO |access-date=18 November 2021 |language=en |date=18 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="WHOcod">{{cite web |title=International Classification of Diseases (ICD) |url=https://www.who.int/classifications/classification-of-diseases |publisher=World Health Organization |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204085603/https://www.who.int/classifications/classification-of-diseases |archive-date=4 February 2022 |language=en |quote=The latest version of the ICD, ICD-11, was adopted by the 72nd World Health Assembly in 2019 and came into effect on 1 January 2022.}}</ref>
While WHO manages and publishes the base version of the ICD, several member states have modified it to better suit their needs. In the base classification, the code set allows for more than 14,000 different codes<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/classifications/help/icdfaq/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041017011702/http://www.who.int/classifications/help/icdfaq/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 17, 2004|title=FAQ on ICD|access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref> and permits the tracking of many new [[Medical diagnosis|diagnoses]] compared to the preceding [[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems#ICD-9|ICD-9]]. Through the use of optional sub-classifications, ICD-10 allows for specificity regarding the cause, manifestation, location, severity, and type of injury or disease.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42980/9241546530_eng.pdf|title=ICD-10 Second Edition Volume 2 – World Health Organization, p15|website=Who.int|access-date=4 September 2023}}</ref> The adapted versions may differ in a number of ways, and some national editions have expanded the code set even further; with some going so far as to add [[procedure code]]s. [[ICD-10-CM]], for example, has over 70,000 codes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=The switch from ICD-9 to ICD-10: When and why|url=https://icd.codes/articles/icd9-to-icd10-explained|website=icd.codes|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref>
The WHO provides detailed information regarding the ICD via its website – including an ICD-10 online browser<ref>{{cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en|title=ICD-10 Version:2016|website=apps.who.int|access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref> and ICD training materials.<ref name="WHOtrain">{{cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10training/|title=ICD-10 Training Tool|website=apps.who.int|access-date=23 May 2017}}</ref> The online training includes a support forum, a self-learning tool<ref name="WHOtrain" /> and user guide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10training/ICD-10_Resources/User_Guide.pdf |title= ICD-10 User Guide |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref>
==Chapters{{anchor|List}}==
The following table lists the chapter number (using [[Roman numerals]]), the code range of each chapter, and the chapter's title from the international version of the ICD-10.<ref Name="WHO">{{cite web | title =International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | year = 2010 | url =http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en | access-date = February 26, 2010}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ ICD-10 chapters
|-
! Chapter
! Block
! Title
|-
| {{rn|I}}
| {{nowrap|A00–B99}}
| Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
|-
| {{rn|II}}
| {{nowrap|C00–D48}}
| Neoplasms
|-
| {{rn|III}}
| {{nowrap|D50–D89}}
| Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
|-
| {{rn|IV}}
| {{nowrap|E00–E90}}
| Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
|-
| {{rn|V}}
| {{nowrap|F00–F99}}
| Mental and behavioural disorders
|-
| {{rn|VI}}
| {{nowrap|G00–G99}}
| Diseases of the nervous system
|-
| {{rn|VII}}
| {{nowrap|H00–H59}}
| Diseases of the eye and adnexa
|-
| {{rn|VIII}}
| {{nowrap|H60–H95}}
| Diseases of the ear and mastoid process
|-
| {{rn|IX}}
| {{nowrap|I00–I99}}
| Diseases of the circulatory system
|-
| {{rn|X}}
| {{nowrap|J00–J99}}
| Diseases of the respiratory system
|-
| {{rn|XI}}
| {{nowrap|K00–K93}}
| Diseases of the digestive system
|-
| {{rn|XII}}
| {{nowrap|L00–L99}}
| Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
|-
| {{rn|XIII}}
| {{nowrap|M00–M99}}
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
|-
| {{rn|XIV}}
| {{nowrap|N00–N99}}
| Diseases of the genitourinary system
|-
| {{rn|XV}}
| {{nowrap|O00–O99}}
| Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
|-
| {{rn|XVI}}
| {{nowrap|P00–P96}}
| Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period
|-
| {{rn|XVII}}
| {{nowrap|Q00–Q99}}
| Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities
|-
| {{rn|XVIII}}
| {{nowrap|R00–R99}}
| Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified
|-
| {{rn|XIX}}
| {{nowrap|S00–T98}}
| Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes
|-
| {{rn|XX}}
| {{nowrap|V01–Y98}}
| External causes of morbidity and mortality
|-
| {{rn|XXI}}
| {{nowrap|Z00–Z99}}
| Factors influencing health status and contact with health services
|-
| {{rn|XXII}}
| {{nowrap|U00–U99}}
| Codes for special purposes
|}
==National adoptions==
Approximately 27<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eohima.org/education/ICD_10Overview.pdf|title = 3M Health Information Services: ICD-10 Overview|date = 2009|access-date = Dec 2, 2015|website = Eastern Ohio Health Information Management Association|archive-date = March 3, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233135/http://www.eohima.org/education/ICD_10Overview.pdf|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title = Case Mix: Global Views, Local Actions : Evolution in Twenty Countries|last = France|first = Francis H. Roger|publisher = IOS Press|year = 2001|isbn = 1-58603-217-8|location = Amsterdam}}</ref> countries use ICD-10 for reimbursement and resource allocation in their health system, and some have made modifications to ICD to better accommodate its utility. The unchanged international version of ICD-10 is used in 117 countries for performing cause of death reporting and statistics.<ref name="WHOICD" />
The national versions may differ from the base classification in the level of detail, incomplete adoption of a category,<ref name="NCCS.DSC.XX.2">{{cite book|title=National Clinical Coding Standards ICD-10 5th Edition (2017)|date=April 2017|publisher=NHS Digital Clinical Classification Services|page=200}}</ref> or the addition of [[procedure code]]s.
===Australia===
Introduced in 1998, ICD-10 Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) was developed by the National Centre for Classification in Health at the [[University of Sydney]].<ref name="ICD10AM">{{cite web |title=ICD-10-AM/ACHI/ACS: Australian Consortium for Classification Development |url=https://www.accd.net.au/icd10.aspx |website=Australian Consortium for Classification Development |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204101937/https://www.accd.net.au/icd10.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is currently maintained by the Australian Consortium for Classification Development.<ref name="ICD10AM2">{{cite web |title=Overview : Australian Consortium for Classification Development |url=https://www.accd.net.au/Default.aspx?page=2 |website=Australian Consortium for Classification Development |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005709/https://www.accd.net.au/Default.aspx?page=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
ICD-10-AM has also been adopted by [[New Zealand]],<ref name="ICD10NZ">{{cite web |title=ICD-10-AM/ACHI/ACS |url=https://www.health.govt.nz/nz-health-statistics/classification-and-terminology/icd-10-am-achi-acs |website=Ministry of Health NZ |access-date=3 December 2018 }}</ref> [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]],<ref name="ICD10Ireland">{{cite web |title=Irish Coding Standards Version 9 |url=https://www.hpo.ie/hipe/clinical_coding/irish_coding_standards/ICS_V9.0_2017_Jan.pdf |website=Healthcare Pricing Office |access-date=3 December 2018}}</ref> [[Saudi Arabia]]<ref name="ICD10KSA">{{cite web |last1=الصحة |first1=فريق بوابة وزارة |title=ICD-10-AM - Introduction |url=https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/HICC/ICD10AM/Pages/Introduction.aspx |website=www.moh.gov.sa |access-date=3 December 2018 }}</ref> and several other countries.<ref name="ICD10Killewo">{{cite book |last1=Killewo |first1=Japhet |last2=Heggenhougen |first2=Kristian |last3=Quah |first3=Stella R. |title=Epidemiology and Demography in Public Health |date=2010 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=9780123822017 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=USRmqCiIaigC&pg=PA43 |access-date=3 December 2018 }}</ref>
===Brazil===
[[Brazil]] introduced ICD-10 in 1996.<ref name="ICD10Brazil">{{cite journal |last1=Fazito |first1=Erika |last2=Cuchi |first2=Paloma |last3=Fat |first3=Doris Ma |last4=Ghys |first4=Peter Denis |last5=Pereira |first5=Mauricio G. |last6=Vasconcelos |first6=Ana Maria Nogales |last7=Pascom |first7=Ana Roberta Pati |title=Identifying and quantifying misclassified and under-reported AIDS deaths in Brazil: a retrospective analysis from 1985 to 2009 |journal=Sex Transm Infect |date=1 December 2012 |volume=88 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=i86–i94 |doi=10.1136/sextrans-2012-050632 |pmid=23172349 |pmc=3512438 |url=|issn=1368-4973}}</ref>
The provisional translation of the ICD-10 for Brazilian Portuguese was started around 1986. Brazil was designated the Field Trial Coordinating Centre for field testing of the list's Chapter V, and the translation was then updated and modified by several contributors across the country. One of the final versions was proofread by J. Leme Lopes, and the final translation was created directly from the English-language version in 1992.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Classificação de Transtornos Mentais e de Comportamento da CID-10 |year=1993 |location=Porto Alegre |language=pt |trans-title=Claffication of Mental and Behavioural Disorders from the ICD-10 |chapter=Prefácio à Edição Brasileira |trans-chapter=Preface to the Brazilian Edition}}</ref>
===Canada===
[[Canada]] began using ICD-10 for mortality reporting in 2000.<ref name="ICD10Canada1">{{cite journal |title=Implementation of ICD-10-CA and CCI in Canada |url=http://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=58259 |journal=Implementation of ICD-10-CA and CCI in Canada / AHIMA, American Health Information Management Association |access-date=3 December 2018 |date=15 October 2004|last1=Moskal |first1=Lori }}</ref> A six-year, phased implementation of ICD-10-CA for morbidity reporting began in 2001.<ref name="ICD10Canada2">{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=Robin L. |last2=Hennessy |first2=Deirdre A. |last3=Johansen |first3=Helen |last4=Sambell |first4=Christie |last5=Lix |first5=Lisa|author5-link= Lisa Lix |last6=Quan |first6=Hude |title=Implementation of ICD-10 in Canada: how has it impacted coded hospital discharge data? |journal=BMC Health Services Research |volume=12 |pages=149 |doi=10.1186/1472-6963-12-149 |pmid=22682405 |pmc=3411494 |date=10 June 2012 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It was staggered across Canada's ten provinces, with [[Quebec]] the last to make the switch.<ref name="ICD10Canada2" />
ICD-10-CA is available in both English- and French-language versions.<ref name="ICD10Canada1" />
===China===
[[China]] adopted ICD-10 in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-UnitedStates/Local%20Assets/Documents/us_lshc_ImpactOfICD10_081409.pdf|title=Deloitte Center for Health Solutions|website=Deloitte.com|access-date=23 May 2017|archive-date=11 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611095302/http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-UnitedStates/Local|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Czech Republic===
The [[Czech Republic]] adopted ICD-10 in 1994, one year after its official release by WHO.<ref name="uzis.cz">{{cite web |url=http://www.uzis.cz/katalog/klasifikace/mkn |title=MKN Mezinárodní statistická klasifikace nemocí a přidružených zdravotních problémů |website=uzis.cz |access-date=26 April 2019 |language=cs |trans-title=International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems}}</ref> Revisions to the international edition are adopted continuously.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uzis.cz/nas/mezinarodni-spoluprace/spoluprace-who |title=Spolupráce s WHO |website=uzis.cz |access-date=26 April 2019 |language=cs |trans-title=Cooperation with WHO}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Zvolský|first=Miroslav|url=https://www.uzis.cz/system/files/2016-11-29-WHO-MZ-05-Zvolsky-Implementation-of-international-classifications.pdf|title=Implementation of International Classifications in the Czech Republic|website=uzis.cz|date=December 2016|access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref> The official Czech translation of ICD-10 2016 10th Revision was published in 2018.<ref name="uzis.cz" />
===Denmark===
ICD-10 was first introduced into the psychiatric health service system on 1 January 1994.<ref name="Povl Munk-Jørgensen, Aksel Bertelse 5–9">{{Cite journal|last=Povl Munk-Jørgensen, Aksel Bertelse|date=January 1999|title=Implementation of ICD-10 in the Nordic countries|journal=Nordic Journal of Psychiatry|volume=53|issue=1|pages=5–9|doi=10.1080/080394899426648|issn=0803-9488}}</ref>
===Estonia===
[[Estonia]] adopted ICD-10 from January 1, 1997, via a ministerial degree.<ref>Sotsiaalministri 16.01.1996 käskkiri nr 5 "Rahvusvahelise Haiguste Klassifikatsiooni RHK-10 kasutuselevõtmine. Rahvusarhiiv, ERA.5276.1.62</ref> However, chapter V "Mental and behavioural disorders" had already been in use from January 1, 1994, also via a ministerial degree.<ref>Sotsiaalministri 29.12.1993 käskkiri nr 194 "Uue psüühikahäirete klassifikatsiooni kasutusele võtmisest. Rahvusarhiiv, ERA.5276.1.52</ref>
===France===
[[France]] introduced a clinical addendum to ICD-10 in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webpt.com/blog/post/history-icd-10-0|title=History of ICD-10|date=2015-02-17}}</ref> See also website of the ATIH.
===Germany===
[[Germany]]'s ICD-10 German Modification (ICD-10-GM) is based on ICD-10-AM.<ref name="ICD10Killewo" /> ICD-10-GM was developed between 2003 and 2004, by the [[German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information]].<ref name="ICD10Killewo" />
===Greece===
[[Greece]] introduced ICD-10 on December 23, 2023. The Greek DRG (Gr-DRG) system is based on the Greek modification of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, based on the 2013 German Amendment of ICD-10 (ICD-10-GM), and a systematic catalog of codes of medical procedures called Greek Medical Procedure Classification (GMPC), based on corresponding international procedural classification. <ref>{{cite web |date=22 December 2023 |title=Κοινή Υπουργική Απόφαση Γ2δ/οίκ. 68058/2023 - ΦΕΚ 7262/Β/21-12-2023 |url=https://www.e-nomothesia.gr/kat-ygeia/kya-g2d-oik-68058-2023.html}}</ref>
===Hungary===
[[Hungary]] introduced the use of ICD-10 from January 1, 1996, via a ministerial decree.<ref>{{cite web |title=42/1995. (XI. 14.) NM rendelet a Betegségek Nemzetközi Osztályozása X. Revíziója bevezetéséről |url=http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=23711}}</ref>
===Korea===
A Korean modification has existed since 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.whofic-apn.com/pdf_files/2013thai/10_Use%20of%20classifications%20in%20Korea%20%20-%20Sukil%20Kim%20(Korea).pdf|title = Use of Classifications in Korea|date = July 18, 2013|access-date = Oct 10, 2017|last = Kim|first = Sukil|archive-date = October 10, 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171010210554/http://www.whofic-apn.com/pdf_files/2013thai/10_Use%20of%20classifications%20in%20Korea%20%20-%20Sukil%20Kim%20(Korea).pdf|url-status = dead}}</ref>
===Netherlands===
The Dutch translation of ICD-10 is ICD10-nl, which was created by the WHO-FIC Network in 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rivm.nl/who-fic/ICD.htm|title=WHO-Fic|website=Rivm.nl|access-date=23 May 2017}}</ref> There is an online dictionary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://class.who-fic.nl/browser.aspx?scheme=ICD10-nl.cla|title=Browser|website=class.who-fic.nl|access-date=2012-06-11|archive-date=2008-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001112346/http://class.who-fic.nl/browser.aspx?scheme=ICD10-nl.cla|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Russia ===
[[Ministry of Health (Russia)|The Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation]] ordered in 1997 to transfer all health organizations to ICD-10.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zakonbase.ru/content/part/416784|title=Приказ Минздрава РФ от 27.05.97 № 170 (ред. от 12.01.98) "О переходе органов и учреждений здравоохранения Российской Федерации на Международную статистическую классификацию болезней и проблем, связанных со здоровьем X пересмотра"|website=zakonbase.ru|language=ru|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref>
===South Africa===
ICD-10 was implemented in July 2005 under the auspice of the National ICD-10 Implementation Task Team which is a joint task team between the National Department of Health and the Council for Medical Schemes.<ref>{{citation|id=Version 3|date=March 2009|title=South African ICD-10 Coding Standards|publisher=Republic of South Africa Department of Health|author=Council for Medical Schemes|url=http://www.medicalschemes.com/files/ICD10%20Codings/SA_ICD-10_Coding_Standards_V3_200903.pdf|access-date=2016-01-24}}</ref>
===Sweden===
The current Swedish translation of ICD-10 was created in 1997.<ref name="Povl Munk-Jørgensen, Aksel Bertelse 5–9" />
=== Switzerland ===
In Switzerland, the German Modification (ICD-10-GM) is used for coding diagnoses. The Federal Statistical Office (FSO) of Switzerland publishes the ICD-10-GM in French and Italian every two years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Office |first=Federal Statistical |date=2020-11-13 |title=ICD-10-GM 2020: alphabetic index |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/agenda/en/2020-0143 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Federal Statistical Office |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Office |first=Federal Statistical |date=2020-10-30 |title=ICD-10-GM 2020: systematic index |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home.agendadetail.2020-0142.html |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Federal Statistical Office |language=en}}</ref>
===Thailand===
The ICD-10-TM (Thai Modification) is a [[Thai language]] version based on the 2016 ICD-10.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nitsuwat |first1=S. |last2=Paoin |first2=W. |date=31 August 2012 |title=Development of ICD-10-TM ontology for a semi-automated morbidity coding system in Thailand. |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22935742/ |journal=Methods of Information in Medicine |volume=51 |issue=6 |pages=519–528 |doi=10.3414/ME11-02-0024 |pmid=22935742 |via=National Library of Medicine}}</ref> An unusual feature of the index of ICD-10-TM is that it is bilingual, containing both Thai and English trails.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thcc.or.th/ebook1/2016/mobile/index.html#p=1|title=ICD10TM2016VOL1_FINAL|website=thcc.or.th}}</ref>
===United Kingdom===
ICD-10 was first mandated for use in the UK in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|title=ICD-10 Classification|url=http://systems.hscic.gov.uk/data/clinicalcoding/codingstandards/icd10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329103349/http://systems.hscic.gov.uk/data/clinicalcoding/codingstandards/icd10|archive-date=29 March 2016}}</ref> In 2010 the UK Government made a commitment to update the UK version of ICD-10 every three years.<ref name=HSCICpdf>{{cite web|title=SCCI0021: ICD-10 5th Edition: Change Paper|url=http://www.hscic.gov.uk/media/18526/0021102014change-spec/pdf/0021102014change-spec.pdf|website=Health & Social Care Information Centre|access-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418163422/http://www.hscic.gov.uk/media/18526/0021102014change-spec/pdf/0021102014change-spec.pdf|archive-date=18 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 1 April 2016, following a year's delay,<ref name=HSCICpdf /> ICD-10 5th Edition<ref group=note>The numbering system of editions only refers to those used in the UK; not those issued by WHO. For example, whilst the 5th edition is based on ICD-10 version:2016, the 4th edition was based on the version from 2010 (skipping the versions of ICD-10 from 2014 and 2015).</ref> replaced the 4th Edition as the mandated diagnostic classification within the UK,<ref>{{cite web|title=ICD-10 Updates|url=http://systems.hscic.gov.uk/data/clinicalcoding/codingstandards/icd10/icd10updates/index_html|website=Health and Social Care Information Centre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509044011/http://systems.hscic.gov.uk/data/clinicalcoding/codingstandards/icd10/icd10updates/index_html|archive-date=9 May 2016}}</ref> and remains the current version for use within the UK.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Digital |first1=N. H. S. |title=Delen: Home : ICD-10 |url=https://hscic.kahootz.com/t_c_home/view?objectID=14232080 |website=hscic.kahootz.com |access-date=6 October 2021}}</ref>
===United States===
{{main|ICD-10-CM}}
For disease reporting, the US utilizes its own national variant of ICD-10 called the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM).<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ahima.org/topics/icd10/faqs|title=ICD-10 FAQs|website=www.ahima.org|access-date=2018-11-20|archive-date=2018-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120135950/http://www.ahima.org/topics/icd10/faqs|url-status=dead}}</ref> A [[Procedure code|procedural classification]] called [[ICD-10 Procedure Coding System]] (ICD-10-PCS)<ref group=note>Although named ICD-10-PCS, this volume is not based on any of the [[Medical classification#WHO Family of International Classifications|WHO-FIC]] publications.</ref> has also been developed for capturing inpatient procedures.<ref name=":3" /> The ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS were developed by the [[Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services]] (CMS) and the [[National Center for Health Statistics]] (NCHS).<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd10cm_pcs_background.htm|title=ICD - ICD-10-CM - International Classification of Diseases,(ICD-10-CM/PCS Transition|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> There are over 70,000 ICD-10-PCS procedure codes and over 69,000 ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, compared to about 3,800 procedure codes and roughly 14,000 diagnosis codes found in the previous ICD-9-CM.<ref name=":1" />
There was much controversy when the transition from the ICD-9-CM to the ICD-10-CM was first announced in the US. Many providers were concerned about the vast number of codes being added, the complexity of the new coding system, and the costs associated with the transition.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=301014|title=Misperceptions, Misinformation, and Misrepresentations: the ICD-10-CM/PCS Saga}}</ref> The [[Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services]] (CMS) weighed these concerns against the benefits of having more accurate data collection, clearer documentation of diagnoses and procedures, and more accurate claims processing.<ref name=":2" /> CMS decided the financial and public health cost associated with continuing to use the ICD-9-CM was too high and mandated the switch to ICD-10-CM.<ref name=":2" />
The deadline for the United States to begin using ICD-10-CM for diagnosis coding and Procedure Coding System [[ICD-10 Procedure Coding System|ICD-10-PCS]] for inpatient hospital procedure coding was set at October 1, 2015,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.healthdatamanagement.com/news/Senate-Approves-ICD-10-Delay-Doc-Fix-47692-1.html|title=Senate Approves ICD-10 Delay, 'Doc Fix'|website=Healthdatamanagement.com|access-date=23 May 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d113:HR04302:@@@D&summ2=m& "H.R. 4302 (Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705025117/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d113:HR04302:@@@D&summ2=m& |date=2016-07-05 }}. [[United States Senate]]. March 31, 2014</ref> a year later than the previous 2014 deadline.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Administrative Simplification: Adoption of a Standard for a Unique Health Plan Identifier; Addition to the National Provider Identifier Requirements; and a Change to the Compliance Date for the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition (ICD–10–CM and ICD–10–PCS) Medical Data Code Sets|publisher=[[Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services]]}} {{USFR|77|54664}} of 5 September 2012. {{USFR|77|60629}} of 4 October 2012.</ref> Before the 2014 deadline, the previous deadline had been a year before that on October 1, 2013.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd10cm.htm "International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM)"]. National Center for Health Statistics. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC). December 20, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.cms.gov/ICD10/ "Overview ICD-10"]. [[Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services]].</ref> All [[HIPAA]] "covered entities" were required to make the change; a pre-requisite to ICD-10-CM is the adoption of [[Electronic Data Interchange|EDI]] Version 5010 by January 1, 2012.{{cn|date=November 2023}} Enforcement of 5010 transition by the [[Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services]] (CMS), however, was postponed by CMS until March 31, 2012, with the federal agency citing numerous factors, including slow software upgrades.<ref>[http://www.physicianspractice.com/blog/content/article/1462168/1994128 "Physicians Get Grace Period from CMS on HIPAA 5010 Enforcement"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516061604/http://www.physicianspractice.com/blog/content/article/1462168/1994128 |date=2012-05-16 }}. Physicians Practice. November 18, 2011</ref> The implementation of ICD-10-CM has been subject to previous delays. In January 2009, the date was pushed back to October 1, 2013, rather than an earlier proposal of October 1, 2011.<ref>[https://blogs.wsj.com/health/2009/01/15/feds-delay-icd-10-for-two-years/ "Feds Delay ICD-10 for Two Years"]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''. January 15, 2009.</ref>
Two common complaints in the United States about the ICD-10-CM are 1) the long list of potentially relevant codes for a given condition (such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]]) which can be confusing and reduce efficiency and 2) the assigned codes for seldom seen conditions (e.g. W55.22XA: Struck by cow, initial encounter; and V91.07XA: Burn due to water-skis on fire, initial encounter).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-rheumatologist.org/article/icd-10-an-ode-to-code/|title=ICD-10: An Ode to Code - The Rheumatologist|website=The-rheumatologist.org|access-date=23 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Manchikanti |first1=Laxmaiah |last2=Kaye |first2=Alan D. |last3=Singh |first3=Vijay |last4=Boswell |first4=Mark V. |title=The Tragedy of the Implementation of ICD-10-CM as ICD-10: Is the Cart Before the Horse or Is There a Tragic Paradox of Misinformation and Ignorance? |journal=Pain Physician |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=E485–495 |pmid=26218946 |issn=2150-1149|year=2015 |doi=10.36076/ppj.2015/18/E485 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
== Criticism ==
The expansion of healthcare delivery systems and changes in global health trends prompted a need for codes with improved clinical accuracy and specificity.<ref name=":4" /> The alphanumeric coding in ICD-10 is an improvement from ICD-9 which had a limited number of codes and a restrictive structure.<ref name=":4" /> Early concerns in the implementation of ICD-10 included the cost and the availability of resources for training healthcare workers and professional coders.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2003-09-23|others=American Hospital Association; AHIMA|title=ICD-10-CM Field Testing Project: Report on Findings: Perceptions, Ideas and Recommendations from Coding Professionals Across the Nation|url=http://bok.ahima.org/doc?oid=61292|journal=ICD-10-CM Field Testing Project: Report on Findings: Perceptions, Ideas and Recommendations from Coding Professionals Across the Nation / AHIMA, American Health Information Management Association|last1=Association|first1=American Hospital}}</ref>
==See also==
* ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]'', used in [[psychiatry]]
** [[DSM-5]]: its current version
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wikidata property |1=P4229}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://icd.who.int/browse10 ICD-10 online browser] (WHO)
* [https://icd.who.int/training/icd10training/ ICD-10 online training direct access] (WHO)
* [https://icd.who.int ICD-11 Home Page]
{{Medical classification}}
[[Category:International Classification of Diseases]]