View source for ICE 2

{{Short description|German high speed train}}
{{About|a high-speed train design|the Bridgman form of water ice|Ice II|the film|Ice 2}}
{{Infobox Train
| name = ICE&nbsp;2
| image = Angermund ICE2 duo 402 031-030 als ICE 942 Berlin Hbf-Köln Hbf (33754015610).jpg
| caption = Two coupled ICE 2 trainsets
| interiorimage = First class on a German ICE train to Munich - Flickr - TeaMeister.jpg
| interiorcaption = First class interior
| manufacturer = [[Adtranz]], [[Siemens AG|Siemens]]
| operator = [[DB Fernverkehr]]
| depots = [[Berlin]]-[[Berlin-Rummelsburg Betriebsbahnhof station|Rummelsburg]]
| yearconstruction = 1995-1997
| numberbuilt = 46
| refurbishment = 2010-2013
| fleetnumbers = Tz 201 to 244
| formation = 1 power car,<br />6 intermediate cars,<br/>1 control car
| maxspeed = {{convert|280|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}
| weight = {{convert|412|t|abbr=on}}
| gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| electricsystem = [[15 kV AC railway electrification|15 kV 16.7 Hz AC]] [[Overhead line|catenary]]
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]]
| poweroutput = {{convert|4,800|kW|abbr=on}}
| capacity = 391 seats
| safety = [[Sifa]], [[PZB|PZB90]], [[LZB]]
}}
The '''ICE 2''' is the second series of German [[High-speed rail|high-speed train]]s and one of six in the [[Intercity-Express]] family since 1995. The ICE 2 (half-) trains are even closer to a conventional [[push–pull train]] than the [[ICE 1|ICE&nbsp;1]], because each train consists of only one [[locomotive]] ('''Class 402''', called ''powerhead''), six passenger cars ('''Classes 805 to 807''') and a [[cab car]] ('''Class 808'''). The maximum speed is {{convert|280|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, but this is limited to {{convert|250|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} when the cab car is leading the train and even further down to {{convert|160|km/h|abbr=on|round=10}} when two units are coupled at the powerheads due to the forces on the overhead line by their respective pantographs.
==History==
On September 25, 2014, [[Mitsubishi Electric|Mitsubishi Electric Corp.]] of Japan announced that it had received a contract from [[Deutsche Bahn|DB]] to supply new [[Insulated-gate bipolar transistor|IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor)]] power modules to replace the old [[Gate turn-off thyristor|GTO (Gate turn-off thyristor)]] power modules in the drives of 46 ICE 2 trainsets.  Mitsubishi said that the modern smaller and lighter IGBT power modules will reduce power consumption and extend the life of the ICE 2 trains. The contract for $22 million was expected to be completed by 2019.<ref>'Mitsubishi wins first order from DB,' Railway Gazette International, 25 September 2014, http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/mitsubishi-wins-first-order-from-db.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109111927/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/mitsubishi-wins-first-order-from-db.html |date=2015-01-09 }}</ref>
While it was still planned in 2022 that all 44 ICE 2 multiple units would still be in service in 2029, Deutsche Bahn announced in 2024 to gradually phase out all ICE 2 trainsets by 2027.<ref>[https://www.freiepresse.de/zwickau/zwickau/unerwartetes-ende-ice-zwickau-nach-20-jahren-ausgemustert-artikel13361849 freiepresse.de] (German) 8 May 2024</ref>
== Differences from ICE 1 ==
[[File:ICE-2-Halbzug Radbruch.jpg|thumb|left|An unpowered ICE 2 control car with coupling equipment, both features the ICE 1 lacks.]]
Except for the [[Railway coupling#Multi-function couplers|automatic Scharfenberg coupling]], ICE 2 powerheads are very similar to those of the ICE&nbsp;1 and can actually be used in ICE&nbsp;1 trains if the necessity arises.
=== Half-trains ===
Usually two ICE 2 half-trains are coupled to form a block train of similar dimensions to the original ICE&nbsp;1 for serving the main routes, and separated again to operate on routes with less traffic or to provide the passengers two different destinations. Until the class 808 cab cars were cleared for passenger service, two ICE 2 half-trains had been solidly coupled to form a permanent block train.
=== Cars ===
The passenger cars are very different from the ICE&nbsp;1 cars, despite their similar exterior. The weight has been significantly reduced and the passenger compartments have been removed in favor of a seating arrangement similar to an airliner (due to reduced seat pitch). Also, the train has been equipped with [[air suspension]] to circumvent the wheel noise problems of the ICE&nbsp;1, which led to the installation of rubber-buffered wheel rims on the ICE&nbsp;1 units and therefore the [[Eschede train disaster]]. ICE 2 trains have no service car as the class 803 on ICE&nbsp;1 trains, on the other hand the class 808 cab car is unique to the ICE&nbsp;2.
== Routes ==
ICE 2 trains mainly run on the main east–west line, starting in [[Berlin]] with two coupled trainsets. In [[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]] the train is then separated into two half-trains. One half-train goes through the [[Ruhr area]] to [[Düsseldorf Hauptbahnhof|Düsseldorf]] and [[Cologne/Bonn Airport station]], while the other half-train continues through [[Wuppertal]] and [[Cologne]] to [[Bonn]]. In the opposite direction, both half-trains are coupled again at Hamm.
Some trains also serve the [[Munich]]—[[Hanover]] line with halves continuing to [[Hamburg]] and [[Bremen]] respectively.
== Eurotrain ==
[[File:Eurotrain München Laim.jpg|thumb|The ''Eurotrain'' demonstration trainset at [[München-Laim railway station|Munich-Laim]] on 4 April 1998]]
{{main|Eurotrain}}
'''Eurotrain''' was a joint venture formed by [[Siemens]] and GEC-Alsthom (today [[Alstom]]) in 1996 to market high-speed rail technology in Asia. In 1997, it was one of two competitors to supply the core system of [[Taiwan High Speed Rail]] (THSR), and was awarded the status of preferred bidder by concessionaire THSRC.<ref name="TT_unprincipled">{{cite web |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2000/01/30/0000022103 |title=Editorial: THSRC agreement unprincipled |date=2000-01-30 |publisher=[[Taipei Times]] |access-date=2010-10-03}}</ref>
In early 1998, the two companies created a demonstration train by combining cars of three existing French and German high-speed trains: ICE 2 powerheads 402&nbsp;042 and 402&nbsp;046, were joined at both ends to the articulated double-deck intermediate cars of [[SNCF TGV Duplex|TGV Duplex]] trainset #224. On 4 May 1998, the ''Eurotrain'' demonstration train made a presentation run on the [[Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway]] in Germany, achieving a maximum speed of {{Cvt|316|km/h}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hochgeschwindigkeitszuege.com/germany/index_weitere_ice_zuege.htm |title=Weitere ICE-Züge |publisher=Website über die schnellsten Züge der Welt |language=de |access-date=2009-01-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090118202521/http://hochgeschwindigkeitszuege.com/germany/index_weitere_ice_zuege.htm |archive-date=2009-01-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railfaneurope.net/tgv/images/research/index.html |title=TGV Research Activities |publisher=TGVweb |access-date=2009-01-19}}</ref>
In December 2000, THSRC decided to award the contract to the rival Taiwan Shinkansen Consortium,<ref name="TT_unprincipled"/> leading to a legal battle<ref name="TT_SupCourtRejects">{{cite web |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2000/06/17/40382 |title=Eurotrain appeal rejected, might go international |date=2000-06-17 |publisher=[[Taipei Times]] |access-date=2009-01-28}}</ref> ending in damage payments for Eurotrain in 2004.<ref name="AG_SingaporeRulesEurotrain">{{cite web |url=http://www.analysisgroup.com/cases.aspx?id=212 |title=Eurotrain Consortium v. Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation |publisher=[[Analysis Group]] |access-date=2010-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707140227/http://www.analysisgroup.com/cases.aspx?id=212 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="TT_TpayEu">{{cite web |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2004/11/27/2003212715 |title=Taiwan High Speed Rail to compensate railway consortium |date=2004-11-27 |publisher=[[Taipei Times]] |access-date=2009-01-28}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of high-speed trains]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category inline|DBAG Class 402|ICE 2}}
* [https://www.bahn.de/service/ueber-uns/zugtypen/ice-2 ICE 2 on bahn.de] (German)
{{High-speed rail}}
{{German ICE class}}
{{German EMUs}}
[[Category:Electric multiple units of Germany]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units with locomotive-like power cars]]
[[Category:Deutsche Bahn locomotives]]
[[Category:Intercity Express]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1995]]
[[Category:Passenger trains running at least at 250 km/h in commercial operations]]
[[Category:15 kV AC multiple units]]