View source for Ibn Sa'd

{{Short description|Arab scholar, biographer and historian (784/5-845)}}
{{Distinguish|Ibn Saud}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion           = [[Islam]]
| era                = {{Plainlist|
*[[Islamic golden age]]
*([[Abbasid Caliphate|Early Abbasid era]])
}}
| image              =
| caption            =
| name               = Muhammad ibn Sa'd ibn Mani' al-Hashimi
| title              = Katib al-Waqidi
| birth_date         = 784/785 CE (168 AH)
| death_date         = 16 February 845 (aged 61) (230 AH)<ref name="Ibn Hajar, Taqrib al-Tahdhib">Ibn Hajar, Taqrib al-Tahdhib</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 1, p.546, Edition. I, 1964</ref>|
| ethnicity          =
| region             =
| works              = 'كتاب طبقات الكبرى', ''Kitab Tabaqat Al-Kubra'' (Book of the Major Classes)
| influences         = [[Al-Waqidi]]
| influenced         =
| birth_place        = [[Basra]]<ref>Siyar A'lam al-Nubala (10/664) .</ref>
}}
'''Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī'''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|first=J.W. |last=Fück |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ibn-sad-SIM_3343 |title=Ibn Saʿd |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam |edition=2 |publisher=Brill |date=1960 |isbn=9789004161214 |access-date=2015-11-05}}</ref> or simply '''Ibn Sa'd''' ({{langx|ar|ابن سعد}}) and nicknamed ''Scribe of [[Al-Waqidi|Waqidi]]'' (''Katib al-Waqidi''), was a [[scholar]] and [[Arabia]]n biographer. Ibn Sa'd was born in 784/785 CE (168 AH)<ref name="imamate">{{cite web |author=MM |url=http://www.al-islam.org/imamate/biblio.htm |title=Imamate |publisher=Al-islam.org |access-date=2010-05-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821032700/http://www.al-islam.org/imamate/biblio.htm |archive-date=2009-08-21 }}</ref> and died on 16 February 845 CE (230 AH).<ref name="imamate"/> Ibn Sa'd was from [[Basra]],<ref name="Ibn Hajar, Taqrib al-Tahdhib"/> but lived mostly in [[Baghdad]], hence the [[Nisba (onomastics)|''nisba'']] al-Basri and al-Baghdadi respectively. He is said to have died at the age of 62 in Baghdad and was buried in the cemetery of the Syrian gate.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Volume 3|page=65|chapter=Muhammad ibn Saad|author=Ibn Khallikan|author-link=Ibn Khallikan|translator=William MacGuckin de Slane|year=1868|publisher=Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland}}</ref>
==''Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kabīr''==
The ''[[Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kabīr]]'' ({{Trans|''The Major Book of Classes''}}) is a compendium of biographical information (''[[tabaqat|tabaqāt]]'') about famous [[Islam]]ic personalities. This eight-volume work contains the lives of [[Muhammad]], [[Companions of the Prophet|his Companions]] and [[Ansar (Islam)|his Helpers]], including those who fought at the [[Battle of Badr]] as a special class, and of the following generation, [[tabi‘un|the Followers]], who received their traditions from the Companions.<ref>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle = Ibn Ṣa'd|volume=14|page=223}}</ref>
Ibn Sa'd's authorship of this work is attested in a postscript to the book added by a later writer. In this notice he is described as a "client of al-Husayn ibn ‘Abdullah of the [[Abbasid dynasty|‘Abbasid]] family".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnalhyderabadee.blogspot.com/2006/04/muhammad-ibn-saad.html |title=Muhammad Ibn Sa'ad Ibn al-Hyder Abadee Blogspot |publisher=Ibnalhyderabadee.blogspot.com |date=2006-04-20 |access-date=2010-05-19 |archive-date=2011-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708042408/http://ibnalhyderabadee.blogspot.com/2006/04/muhammad-ibn-saad.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The work was subject to a major study by a European scholar already in 1869.<ref>cf. Loth, Otto, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NNYOAAAAQAAJ Das Classenbuch des Ibn Sa‘d: Einleitende Untersuchungen über Authentie und Inhalt nach den handschriftlichen Überresten]'' (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1869).</ref>
===Contents===
* Books 1 and 2 contain a [[prophetic biography]].
* Books 3 and 4 contain biographies of companions of Muhammad.
* Books 5, 6 and 7 contain biographies of later Islamic scholars.
* Book 8 contains biographies of Islamic women.
== Published editions ==
=== Arabic ===
* {{Cite book |last=Ibn Saʻd |first=Muḥammad |title=Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-kabīr : wa-huwa mushtamil aydan ʻalá al-Sīrah al-Sharīfah al-Nabawīyah / taṣnīf Muḥammad ibn Saʻd Kātib al-Wāqidī ; ʻaniya bi-taṣḥīḥihi wa ṭabʻihi Idward Sakhaw ; Kārl Brūkilmān |publisher=Brill |year=1904–40 |editor-last=Sachau |editor-first=Eduard |editor-link=Eduard Sachau |volume=9 vols |location=Leiden |language=ar |script-title=ar:كتاب الطبقات الكبير : وهو مشتمل أيضاً على السيرة الشريفة النبويّة. الجزء الثامن |trans-title=Biographien Muhammeds, seiner gefährten und der späteren träger des Islams bis zum jahre 230 der flucht |editor-last2=Brockelmann |editor-first2=Carl |editor-link2=Carl Brockelmann}} (includes brief German synopses with page references for each book, reprinted in 2022 as {{cite book | author = Muḥammad Ibn Saʿd | date = 13 January 2022 | title = <nowiki>Biography of Muḥammad, His Companions and the Successors up to the Year 230 of the Hijra: Eduard Sachau's Edition of <i>Kitāb Al-Ṭabaqāt Al-Kabīr</i></nowiki> | publisher = BRILL | pages = | isbn = 978-90-04-46989-1 | oclc = 1291632208 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QafczgEACAAJ}}[https://archive.org/details/tabqaatibnsaadarabic/page/n7/mode/1up online link]
* In 1968, Iḥsān Abbās edited it (Beirut: Dār Sādir).
*{{cite book|editor=‘Alī Muḥammad ‘Umar |date=2001 |title=Kitāb al-ṭabaqāt al-kabīr |place=Cairo |publisher=Maktabat al-Khānjī |url=https://archive.org/details/tabqaatibnsaadarabic/mode/2up}} Contains 11 volumes.<ref>{{cite book|first=Lejla |last=Demiri |title=Muslim Exegesis of the Bible in Medieval Cairo: Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī's (d. 716/1316) Commentary on the Christian Scriptures. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cT4yAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA549 |date=2013 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-24320-0 |pages=549 |access-date=2015-11-05}}</ref>
=== English ===
* S. Moinul Haq (transl.), ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir: Volume I, Parts I & II''; Karachi: Pakistan Historical Society, 1967 [= ''Pakistan Historical Society Publication'', no.&nbsp;46][https://archive.org/details/kitab-al-tabaqat-al-kabir-ibn-sad-s.-moinul-haq-h.-k.-ghazanfar-1 online link]
* S. Moinul Haq (transl.), ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir: Volume II, Parts I & II''; Karachi: Pakistan Historical Society, 1972 [= ''Pakistan Historical Society Publication'', no.&nbsp;59][https://archive.org/details/kitab-al-tabaqat-al-kabir-ibn-sad-s.-moinul-haq-h.-k.-ghazanfar-2 online link]
* S. Moinul Haq (transl.), Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir: Volume I ( Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi, 1981)[https://dokumen.pub/qdownload/tabaqat-al-kabir-life-of-the-prophet-vol-i-parts-i-and-ii-1nbsped-8171511279-8171511287.html online link]
* S. Moinul Haq (transl.), Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir: Volume ll ( Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi, 1981)[https://dokumen.pub/qdownload/kitab-al-tabaqat-al-kabir-life-of-the-prophet-muhammad-vol-ii-parts-i-and-ii-8171511279-8171511295.html online link]
* Abridged translations of Volumes 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 have been translated by Aisha Bewley and published under the titles of ''The Companions of Badr'', ''The Men of Madina-II'', ''The Scholars of Kufa'', ''The Men of Madina-I'', and ''The Women of Madina''.[https://archive.org/details/kitab-at-tabaqat-al-kabir/Kitab_at_Tabaqat_al_Kabir_Volume_III_The_Companions_of_Badr_2013/page/n1/mode/1up online link]
== See also ==
*[[List of Islamic scholars]]
*[[List of biographies of Muhammad]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Wikisourcelang|ar|مؤلف:ابن سعد|Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi}}
* [http://www.muslimscholars.info/manage.php?submit=scholar&ID=30008 Biodata at MuslimScholars.info]
{{Historians of Islam|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sad, Ibn}}
[[Category:784 births]]
[[Category:845 deaths]]
[[Category:9th-century historians from the Abbasid Caliphate]]
[[Category:Hadith scholars]]
[[Category:9th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:Biographical evaluation scholars]]
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