View source for Ihr Tore zu Zion, BWV 193

{{short description|Cantata by J. S. Bach}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ihr Tore zu Zion'', BWV 193}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{use list-defined references|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox Bach composition
| title                 = {{lang|de|Ihr Tore zu Zion}}
| bwv                   = 193
| type                  = [[Church cantata (Bach)|Sacred cantata]]
| image                 = Leipzig Nikolaikirche BW 2012-09-10 18-11-46.jpg
| caption               = [[Nikolaikirche, Leipzig]] (2012)
| related               = [[BWV 193a]]
| occasion              = {{lang|de|Ratswechsel}} (Inauguration of new town council)
| performed             = {{nowrap|{{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1727|08|25|df=y}}|location=[[Leipzig]]}}}}
| movements             = 7
| composer=[[Johann Sebastian Bach]]
| vocal                 = [[SATB|{{abbr|SATB|soprano, alto, tenor and bass}}]] choir (only soprano and alto extant)
| instrumental          = incomplete: {{flatlist|
* 2 [[oboe]]s
* 2 [[violin]]s
* [[viola]]
}}
}}
'''{{lang|de|Ihr Tore zu Zion}}''' also called '''{{lang|de|Ihr Pforten zu Zion}}''' (You gates of Zion),<ref name="Dellal" /> '''{{abbrlink|BWV|Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis}}&nbsp;193''', is a [[Bach cantata|sacred cantata]] by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]. He composed it in [[Leipzig]] for {{lang|de|Ratswechsel}}, the inauguration of a new town council, in 1727 and first performed it on 25 August 1727. The music survives in an incomplete state.
== History and words ==
While living in Leipzig Bach composed [[Church cantata (Bach)#Ratswechsel|several cantatas for the ''Ratswechsel'']], the inauguration of the newly elected town council.<ref name="Dürr" /> This event took place in a festive service, which was not part of the [[liturgical year]], on the Monday following the feast of [[St. Bartholomew]] on 24 August.<ref name="Wolff" /> In 1723, Bach's first year in Leipzig, he began the series with {{lang|de|[[Preise, Jerusalem, den Herrn, BWV 119|''Preise, Jerusalem, den Herrn'', BWV 119]] |italic=unset}}. Another cantata was performed in 1725, but only the text has survived. Bach first performed {{lang|de|Ihr Tore zu Zion}}, BWV 193 on 25 August 1727 at [[St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig|St. Nicholas Church]].<ref name="Wolff" />
The words are by an unknown poet, who is assumed by [[Christoph Wolff]] to have been Bach's regular collaborator [[Picander]], the librettist of the related secular cantata.<ref name="Wolff" /> The text identifies Leipzig with the holy city of [[Jerusalem]], praising God as the protector of the "{{lang|de|Leipziger Jerusalem}}".<ref name="Dürr" /> Ideas from psalms are included, using [[Psalm 87]]:2, "The Lord loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob." in movement 1, and [[Psalm 121]]:4, "Behold, he that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep." in movement 2.
The work shared material with a secular cantata which premiered the same month. {{lang|de|[[Ihr Häuser des Himmels, ihr scheinenden Lichter, BWV 193a|''Ihr Häuser des Himmels, ihr scheinenden Lichter'', BWV 193a]] |italic=unset}}, was a {{lang|it|[[dramma per musica]]}} (drama for music) composed for the [[name day]] of [[Augustus II the Strong]] on 3 August 1727. Movements 1, 3 and 5 of ''Ihr Tore zu Zion'' are probably a [[Parody music|parody]] of the secular work. However, the music of this piece is also lost. According to Alfred Dürr, both works may include earlier music, perhaps composed in [[Köthen]].<ref name="Dürr" /> One movement of the text of {{lang|de|Ihr Tore zu Zion}}, a [[recitative]], is lost. The first chorus is repeated at the end as is stated at the end of most extant parts ("Chorus ab initio repetatur").
The surviving music was first published in 1894. It cannot be given a satisfactory performance without a certain amount of reconstruction of lost material, as the parts for tenor, bass, [[basso continuo]] and other instruments (probably [[trumpets]] and [[timpani]], maybe also [[flute]]s) for all of the music are missing. A reconstruction was made for [[Helmuth Rilling]] in 1983 by [[Reinhold Kubik]]. [[Ton Koopman]] made a version for his 1999 recording, adding a recitative for bass at the end. Other reconstructions of the work were made by Michael Radulesco and Alan Dergal Rautenberg. To achieve the scoring Bach usually used for festive occasions,<ref name="Wolff" /> all of these reconstructions restore the missing tenor and bass parts in the opening chorus as well as the basso continuo for the whole work and add trumpets and timpani.
== Scoring and structure ==
The music in seven movements survives in an incomplete state. Only two vocal parts are extant ([[soprano]] and [[alto]]). The parts for [[tenor]] and [[Bass (voice type)|bass]] are missing. The instrumental parts which survive are for two [[oboe]]s, two [[violin]]s and [[viola]]. The [[basso continuo|continuo]] line is missing completely, as are parts for any additional instruments deployed by Bach. For a festive occasion he typically scored trumpets and timpani.<ref name="Dürr" /><ref name="Mincham" />
# Chorus: {{lang|de|Ihr Tore zu Zion}}
# Recitative (soprano): {{lang|de|Der Hüter Israels entschläft noch schlummert nicht}}
# Aria (soprano): {{lang|de|Gott, wir danken deiner Güte}}
# Recitative (alto): {{lang|de|O Leipziger Jerusalem}}
# Aria (alto): {{lang|de|Sende, Herr, den Segen ein}}
# Recitative [lost]
# {{lang|la|Chorus ab initio repetatur}} (repeated from the beginning)
== Music ==
The chorus is opened by a long [[ritornello]], which is repeated completely in the middle of the movement, but not in the end. The existing vocal parts suggest that the choral writing was mostly in [[homophony]].<ref name="Mincham" />
The first aria is a [[minuet]] in [[da capo]] form. Musicologist Julian Mincham likens the interplay of oboe and strings to music of [[Handel]]. They begin in [[unison]], then the oboe plays only the top notes of the strings, finally it "emerges with its own melody". In the second aria for alto, oboe and continuo, the ornamentation of the oboe stands for God's blessings. Mincham concludes from the unison of voice and oboe from measure 13 that mankind is depicted in tune with it.<ref name="Mincham" />
== Recordings ==
* ''Die Bach Kantate Vol. 67'', [[Helmuth Rilling]], [[Gächinger Kantorei]], [[Bach-Collegium Stuttgart]], [[Arleen Augér]], [[Julia Hamari]], [[Hänssler Classic|Hänssler]] 1983
* ''J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 19'', [[Ton Koopman]], [[Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir]], [[Caroline Stam]], [[Michael Chance]], [[Paul Agnew]], Antoine Marchand 1999
== References ==
{{reflist
| colwidth = 30em
| refs =
<ref name="Dellal">{{cite web
| last = Dellal
| first = Pamela
| author-link = Pamela Dellal
| url = https://www.emmanuelmusic.org/bach-translations/bwv-193
| title = BWV 193&nbsp;– ''Ihr Pforten zu Zion''
| publisher = [[Emmanuel Music]]
| access-date = 9 September 2022
}}</ref>
<ref name="Dürr">{{cite book
| last = Dürr
| first = Alfred
| author-link = Alfred Dürr
| title = Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach
| year = 1981
| publisher = Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag
| isbn = 3-423-04080-7
| volume = 1
| edition = 4th
| page = [https://archive.org/details/diekantatenvonjo0002durr/page/593 593]
| language = de
| url = https://archive.org/details/diekantatenvonjo0002durr/
}}</ref>
<ref name="Mincham">{{cite web
| last = Mincham
| first = Julian
| url = https://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-87-bwv-193
| title = Chapter 87 BWV 193 ''Ihr Tore zu Zion''
| website = The Cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach
| year = 2010
| access-date = 9 September 2022
}}</ref>
<ref name="Wolff">{{cite web<!-- This should use {{Cite AV media notes}} -->
| last = Wolff
| first = Christoph
| author-link = Christoph Wolff
| url = https://www.bach-cantatas.com/Pic-Rec-BIG/Koopman-C19c%5bAM-3CD%5d.pdf
| title = The cantatas of the period 1726–1731 and of the Picander cycle (1728–29)
| website = Bach Cantatas website
| pages = 12, 15
| year = 1999
| access-date = 16 January 2024
}}</ref>
}}
== Sources ==
* {{IMSLP|work=Ihr Tore zu Zion, BWV 193 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)|cname=''Ihr Tore zu Zion'', BWV 193}}
* {{cite web
| url = http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000234?lang=en
| title = ''Ihr Tore zu Zion'', BWV 193; BC B 5 / Cantata
| publisher = [[Leipzig University]]
}}
* [http://www.bach-cantatas.com/BWV193.htm "Cantata BWV 193 ''Ihr Tore zu Zion''], history, scoring, sources for text and music, translations to various languages, discography, discussion, Bach Cantatas website
* [http://www.bach.de/werk/bwv/193.html "''Ihr Tore zu Zion''"], history, scoring, Bach website {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.uvm.edu/~classics/faculty/bach/BWV193.html "BWV 193 ''Ihr Tore /Pforten/ zu Zion''"], English translation, [[University of Vermont]]
* [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/193.html "BWV 193 ''Ihr Tore zu Zion''"], text, scoring, [[University of Alberta]] {{in lang|de}}
{{Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach}}
{{Bach cantatas}}
{{Portal bar|Classical music}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ihr Tore zu Zion Bwv 193}}
[[Category:Council cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach]]
[[Category:Psalm-related compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach]]
[[Category:1727 compositions]]