View source for Immilla of Turin

{{ infobox noble
| name = Immilla of Turin
| noble family = [[Arduinici]]
| father = [[Ulric Manfred II of Turin]]
| mother = [[Bertha of Milan]]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* [[Otto III, Duke of Swabia|Otto of Schweinfurt]]
* [[Egbert I, Margrave of Meissen|Eckbert I of Meissen]]
}}
| issue = {{plainlist|
*Bertha
*Gisela
*Judith
*Eilika
*Beatrice
*[[Egbert II, Margrave of Meissen|Eckbert II]]
*[[Gertrude of Brunswick|Gertrude]]
}}
| birth_date = {{circa|1020}}
| birth_place = [[Turin]]
| death_date = 1078
| death_place = Turin
}}
'''Immilla''' (also Emilia, Immula, Ermengard, or Irmgard) (born c. 1020; died January 1078)<ref>Bresslau, ''Jahrbücher'', I, p. 378 (birthdate); Previté-Orton, ''Early History'', p. 232 (deathdate)</ref> was a [[Duchess of Swabia|duchess consort of Swabia]] by marriage to [[Otto III, Duke of Swabia]], and a [[List of margravines of Meissen|margravine of Meissen]] by marriage to [[Egbert I, Margrave of Meissen|Ekbert I of Meissen]]. She was regent of Meissen during the minority of her son, [[Egbert II, Margrave of Meissen|Ekbert II]].
==Life==
Immilla was the daughter of [[Ulric Manfred II of Turin]] and [[Bertha of Milan]] and thereby a member of the [[Arduinici]] dynasty. Her older sister was [[Adelaide of Susa]].
Her first husband was [[Otto III, Duke of Swabia]], whom she married c. 1036.<ref>Previté-Orton, ''Early History'', p. 217</ref> After Otto's death in September 1057,<ref>Hellmann, ''Grafen'', p. 21</ref> Immilla married again (c.1058). Her second husband was [[Egbert I, Margrave of Meissen|Ekbert I of Meissen]].<ref>Hellmann, ''Grafen'', p. 21; Previté-Orton, ''Early History'', p. 231</ref>
In 1067, shortly before his death, Ekbert I attempted to repudiate Immilla in order to marry [[Adela of Louvain (d.1083)|Adela of Louvain]], daughter of [[Lambert II, Count of Louvain]] and the widow of [[Otto I, Margrave of Meissen]].<ref>Bresslau, ''Jahrbücher'', I, p. 378; {{Cite journal|last=Creber|first=Alison|date=2019-04-22|title=Breaking Up Is Hard To Do: Dissolving Royal and Noble Marriages in Eleventh-Century Germany|journal=German History|language=en|volume=37|issue=2|pages=149–171|doi=10.1093/gerhis/ghy108|issn=0266-3554}}</ref> After Ekbert's death in 1068, Immilla spent some time at the imperial court with her niece [[Bertha of Savoy|Bertha]], before returning to Italy.<ref>Bresslau, ''Jahrbücher'', I, p. 378</ref> It is possible that she acted as regent for her young son, [[Egbert II, Margrave of Meissen|Ekbert II]], at this time.<ref>Fenske, ''Adelsopposition'', pp. 35,74</ref>
Immilla died in Turin on January 10, 1078. She is sometimes said to have become a nun before her death.<ref>Previté-Orton, ''Early History'', p. 232</ref>
==Marriages and children==
With her first husband, Otto, Immilla had five daughters:
*Bertha (or Alberada) (died 1 April 1103), married firstly Herman II, Count of [[Kastl, Upper Bavaria|Kastl]], and married secondly Frederick, Count of Kastl
*Gisela, inherited [[Kulmbach]] and [[Plassenburg]], married Arnold IV, Count of [[Andechs]]
*Judith (died 1104), married firstly [[Conrad I, Duke of Bavaria]], and secondly Botho, Count of [[Pottenstein, Bavaria|Pottenstein]]
*Eilika, abbess of [[Niedermünster]]
*Beatrice (1040–1140), inherited Schweinfurt, married Henry II, Count of [[Hildrizhausen]] and Margrave of the Nordgau
With her second husband, Ekbert I, Immilla had the following children:
*[[Egbert II, Margrave of Meissen|Ekbert II]]
*[[Gertrude of Brunswick|Gertrude]]
==References==
*H. Bresslau, ''Jahrbücher des Deutschen Reichs unter Konrad II.'', 2 vols. (1884), accessible online at: [https://archive.org/stream/jahrbcherdesde12bresuoft#page/n7/mode/2up archive.org]
*[[Charles William Previté-Orton|C.W. Previté-Orton]], ''The Early History of the House of Savoy (1000-1233)'' (Cambridge, 1912), accessible online at:  [https://archive.org/stream/earlyhistoryofho00prevuoft#page/n5/mode/2up archive.org]
*S. Hellmann, ''Die Grafen von Savoyen und das Reich: bis zum Ende der staufischen Periode'' (Innsbruck, 1900), accessible online (but without page numbers) at: [https://web.archive.org/web/20140110134301/http://www.manfred-hiebl.de/genealogie-mittelalter/savoyen_grafen_von/adelheid_von_turin_+_1091/hellmann.html Genealogie Mittelalter]
*L. Fenske, ''Adelsopposition und kirchliche Reformbewegung im östlichen Sachsen. Entstehung und Wirkung des sächsischen Widerstandes gegen das salische Königtum während des Investiturstreites'' (1977).
==External links==
*[http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/woman/128.html Epistolae: Medieval Women's Latin Letters: Immilla of Turin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221014909/https://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/woman/128.html |date=2016-12-21 }} (brief biography and English translation of a legal document issued by Immilla)
*[http://www.manfred-hiebl.de/genealogie-mittelalter/turin_markgrafen_von/irmgard_von_turin_1078/irmgard_von_turin_graefin_von_braunschweig_+_1078.html Irmgard von Turin, Gräfin von Braunschweig, Markgräfin von Schweinfurt] (in German)
==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Savoy]]||{{circa|1020}}|January|1078}}
{{S-reg}}
{{s-bef | before=Unknown daughter of Hugh IV of Egisheim}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchess of Swabia]] | years=1048–1057}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Matilda of Germany, Duchess of Swabia|Matilda of Swabia]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Adela of Louvain (d.1083)|Adela of Louvain]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of margravines of Meissen|Margravine of Meissen]]|years=1067–1068}}
{{s-aft|after=Oda of Weimar}}
{{s-end}}
[[Category:Nobility from Turin]]
[[Category:11th-century women regents]]
[[Category:11th-century Italian nobility]]
[[Category:11th-century German nobility]]
[[Category:11th-century German women]]
[[Category:Margravines of Germany]]
[[Category:Margravines of Meissen]]
[[Category:Duchesses in Germany]]
[[Category:Duchesses of Swabia]]
[[Category:11th-century Italian women]]
[[Category:1078 deaths]]
[[Category:Remarried royal consorts]]
[[Category:11th-century Italian nuns]]
[[Category:11th-century Christian nuns]]
[[Category:11th-century regents]]