View source for In scale

The '''''in'' scale''' (also known as the '''''Sakura'' pentatonic scale''' due to its use in the well-known folk song ''[[Sakura Sakura]]'') is one of two [[pentatonic scale]]s commonly used in [[Japanese folk music]], excluding ''[[gagaku]]'' and [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] ''[[shōmyō]]''. The ''in'' scale, which contains [[Minor scale|minor]] notes, is used specifically in music for the ''[[koto (musical instrument)|koto]]'' and ''[[shamisen]]'' and is contrasted with the [[yo scale|''yo'' scale]], which does not contain minor notes.<ref>Titon, Jeff Todd (1996). ''Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples'', p.372. {{ISBN|0-02-872612-X}}.</ref>
[[Image:In scale.png|400px|thumb|center|In scale on D with auxiliary notes (F) & (C). 1-b2-(b3)-4-5-b6-(b7) {{audio|In scale.mid|Play}}.]]
More recent theory<ref>Koizumi Fumio (1974). ''Nihon no ongaku'' (Japanese music), 76. Tokyo: National Theater of Japan.</ref> emphasizes that it is more useful in interpreting Japanese melody to view scales on the basis of "nuclear tones" located a [[perfect fourth|fourth]] apart and containing notes between them, as in the '''''miyako-bushi'' scale''' used in ''koto'' and ''shamisen'' music and whose pitches are equivalent to the ''in'' scale:<ref>Titon (1996), 373.</ref>
[[Image:Miyako-bushi scale.png|400px|thumb|center|''Miyako-bushi'' scale on D, equivalent to ''in'' scale on D, with brackets on fourths. 1-b2-4-5-b6 {{audio|Miyako-bushi scale.mid|Play}}.]]
== ''In'' scale in the other musical traditions ==
In Indian classical music, [[Gunkali]] (Hindustani), Raga Salanganata (Indian) and [[Karnataka Shuddha Saveri]] (Carnatic) are nearly identical to the pentatonic ''in'' scale,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comprehensive Scale Catalog: Five-Tone Scales in Equal Temperament |url=https://www.flutopedia.com/csc_5tone_12tet.htm |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.flutopedia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Raga Salanganata Scale for Piano {{!}} Piano Scales |url=https://pianoencyclopedia.com/scales/raga-salanganata/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=pianoencyclopedia.com}}</ref> highlighting the shared past of their origins. Some rare examples of ancient genres of [[Andean music]] (e.g. [[k'antu]]) use a scale similar to the ''in'' scale combined with melody leading with a parallel [[Perfect fifth|fifths]] and [[Perfect fourth|fourths]]. For example, ''Machulas Kantu'' by [[Bolivia Manta]] folk group from the album ''Wiñayataqui''.{{Original research inline|date=June 2022}}
== See also ==
* [[Hirajōshi scale]]
* [[Japanese mode]]
* [[Japanese musical scales]]
==Sources==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
*Hewitt, Michael. 2013. ''Musical Scales of the World''. The Note Tree. {{ISBN|978-0957547001}}.
{{Scales}}
[[Category:Pentatonic scales]]
[[Category:Music of Japan]]
[[Category:Andean music]]
[[Category:Hemitonic scales]]
[[Category:Tritonic scales]]
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