View source for Inauguration of Beatrix

{{short description|Inauguration of Queen Beatrix}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox historical event
|Event_Name     = Inauguration of Queen Beatrix
|Image_Name     = File:BeatrixInaug1980 (cropped (Centered on Beatrix)).jpg
|Image_Caption  = Queen Beatrix taking the oath
|Participants   = {{bulleted list|[[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrix]]|[[States General of the Netherlands|States General]]|[[Armed Forces of the Netherlands|Dutch Armed Forces]]|[[King of Arms]]|[[Officer of Arms]]}}
|Location       = [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
|Date           = {{Start date|1980|04|30|df=y}}
}}
The inauguration of [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] as [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands|Queen of the Netherlands]] took place on 30 April 1980 at the [[Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam|Nieuwe Kerk]] in [[Amsterdam]]. Beatrix ascended the throne immediately following the abdication of her mother [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Juliana]] earlier that day.
Celebrations were largely marred by riots, known as the [[Amsterdam coronation riots]].
==Background==
[[File:Koningin Juliana maakt haar aftreden bekend via de TV, Bestanddeelnr 930-6513.jpg|thumb|left|Queen Juliana accouncing her intent to abdicate]]
Following a reign of 31 years which began with the abdication of her mother [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] in 1948, [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Queen Juliana]], in a television and radio address to the nation on 31 January 1980, announced her intent to abdicate the throne in favour of her eldest daughter, Beatrix, in accordance with the precedence set by her mother.<ref>{{cite web |title=Princess of the Netherlands |url=https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/in-memoriam/queen-juliana/princess-of-the-netherlands |website=Royal House of the Netherlands |date=20 January 2015 |access-date=6 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Netherlands: Queen Juliana Announces her Abdication After 31 Year Reign |url=https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/179620/ |website=British Pathé |access-date=6 September 2023}}</ref>
==Abdication==
[[File:Akte van abdicatie van Koningin Juliana - Deed of abdication of Queen Juliana (8637710944).jpg|150px|thumb|right|The instrument of abdication]]
At 10:06 AM CEST on 30 April 1980, her 71st birthday, Queen Juliana signed the instrument of abdication in the [[Royal Palace of Amsterdam]]. Juliana thus relinquished the Dutch throne and all its [[Style of the Dutch sovereign|associated titles and styles]]. She reverted to her pre-accession martial titles "Princess of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld" with the style of ''[[Royal Highness]]''.
Afterward, Queen Beatrix, Prince Claus, Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard appeared on the palace balcony. The outgoing and incoming queens both made speeches. Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard left the balcony, making way for the new Queen's three sons, Prince Willem-Alexander, Prince Johan-Friso and Prince Constantijn, to symbolise the transition of the Royal House.<ref name="Graham"/>
==Inauguration==
===Procession===
[[File:Troonswisseling 30 april , Koningin Beatrix en Prins Claus lopen onder pergola n, Bestanddeelnr 930-8016.jpg|thumb|Queen Beatrix and Prince Claus process to the Nieuwe Kerk]]
En route from the [[Royal Palace of Amsterdam|Royal Palace]] to the [[Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam|Nieuwe Kerk]], the Queen was led by a delegation of aids carrying both the [[Charter of the Kingdom of the Netherlands|Charter]] and [[Constitution of the Netherlands|Constitution]] which were placed on the [[credence table]] in front of the throne. The delegation consisted of two kings of arms, the senior one being [[Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema]], a member of the [[Dutch resistance|resistance]] and officers of arms. Then came the [[Sword of state]] and the [[gonfalon|gonfalon of state]], a white banner bearing the 1815 [[coat of arms of the Netherlands]] symbolizing the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
===Ceremony===
Beatrix was inaugurated as queen of the Netherlands in a solemn session of the [[States General of the Netherlands]] in the [[Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam|Nieuwe Kerk]]. During the ceremony, she took his oath of office and swore to uphold the [[Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands]] and the [[Constitution of the Netherlands]]. Following Beatrix's swearing-in, members of the States General swore allegiance.<ref name="Graham">{{cite news |last1=Graham |first1=Bradley |title=Beatrix Accedes to Dutch Throne |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/05/01/beatrix-accedes-to-dutch-throne/5e0d5730-c5e9-4425-96d8-996c91fc39e3/ |access-date=7 January 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=1 May 1980}}</ref>
Queen Beatrix was not physically crowned, but the [[regalia of the Netherlands]] was displayed during the ceremony.<ref name="Graham"/>
===Attire===
Queen Beatrix wore a gown by Dutch designer Theresia Vreugdenhil under the ''[[Koningsmantel (Netherlands)|Koningsmantel]]''. She wore the Pearl Button Tiara and the riband and star of the [[Military Order of William]].
===Guests===
====Dutch royal family====
[[File:Troonswisseling 30 april inhuldiging in Nieuwe Kerk Koninklijke Familie , vl, Bestanddeelnr 253-8329.jpg|thumb|right|Prince Johan Friso, the Prince of Orange, Baroness Gösta von Amsberg, Princess Juliana, Prince Bernhard and Princess Margriet during the ceremony]]
* [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Princess Juliana]] and [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld|Prince Bernhard]], the Queen's parents
** [[Prince Claus of the Netherlands|Prince Claus]], the Queen's husband
*** The [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Prince of Orange]], the Queen's son
*** [[Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau|Prince Johan Friso]], the Queen's son
*** [[Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands|Prince Constantijn]], the Queen's son
** The [[Princess Irene of the Netherlands|Duchess]] and [[Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma|Duke of Parma and Piacenza]], the Queen's sister and brother-in-law
** [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands|Princess Margriet]] and Prof. [[Pieter van Vollenhoven]], the Queen's sister and brother-in-law
*** [[Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven]], the Queen's nephew
*** [[Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven]], the Queen's nephew
*** [[Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven]], the Queen's nephew
** [[Princess Christina of the Netherlands|Princess Christina]] and Mr [[Jorge Guillermo|Jorge Pérez y Guillermo]], the Queen's sister and brother-in-law
====von Amsberg family====
* [[Baroness Gösta von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen|Baroness Gösta von Amsberg]], Prince Claus' mother
====Foreign royal guests====
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} The [[Albert II of Belgium|Prince]] and [[Queen Paola of Belgium|Princess of Liège]] (representing the [[Baudouin of Belgium|King of the Belgians]])
* {{flagicon|Denmark}} The [[Princess Benedikte of Denmark|Princess]] and [[Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg|Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg]] (representing the [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Queen of Denmark]])
* {{flagicon|Japan}} The [[Takahito, Prince Mikasa|Prince]] and [[Yuriko, Princess Mikasa|Princess Mikasa]] (representing the [[Hirohito|Emperor of Japan]])
* {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} The [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg]] (representing [[Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke of Luxembourg]])
* {{flagicon|Morocco}} The [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Crown Prince of Morocco]] (representing the [[Hassan II of Morocco|King of Morocco]])
* {{flagicon|Norway}} The [[Harald V of Norway|Crown Prince]] and [[Queen Sonja of Norway|Crown Princess of Norway]] (representing the [[Olav V of Norway|King of Norway]])
* {{flagicon|Spain}} The [[Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz|Duchess]] and [[Luis Gómez-Acebo, Duke of Badajoz|Duke of Badajoz]] (representing the [[Juan Carlos I|King of Spain]])
* {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Princess Christina, Mrs Magnuson]], and Mr [[Tord Magnuson]] (representing the [[Carl XVI Gustaf|King of Sweden]])
* {{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Sirindhorn|Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn]] (representing the [[Bhumibol Adulyadej|King of Thailand]])
* {{flagicon|UK}} The [[Charles III|Prince of Wales]] (representing the [[Elizabeth II|Queen of the United Kingdom]])
==Riots==
{{Main|Amsterdam coronation riots}}
On the day of the inauguration, large-scale riots were staged by those advocating for [[Adverse possession|squatter's rights]]. The protesters chanted the slogan ''Geen woning, geen kroning'' (No house, no coronation).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio/historical-figures/queen-beatrix|title=Queen Beatrix - Historical figures - Rijksstudio - Rijksmuseum|publisher=}}</ref> Around 10,000 police officers and military personnel were present in Amsterdam for the inauguration, thus turning the riots into a major clash.<ref name="auto">{{cite magazine|url=https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2084377,00.html|title=Amsterdam vs. the Squatters: Evictions, Arrests and Protests|first=Jean-Pierre|last=Stroobants|magazine=Time|date=20 July 2011|publisher=|via=content.time.com|access-date=7 January 2024|archive-date=22 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222202209/https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2084377,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
600 people were injured and, due to the large public support the royal family enjoyed, the riots largely turned public opinion against the squatters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dutchnews.nl/features/2017/06/deep-lying-even-violent-divisions-are-a-recurring-theme-in-dutch-history/|title=Deep-lying, even violent, divisions are a recurring theme in Dutch history - DutchNews.nl|date=26 June 2017 |publisher=}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Inauguration of Willem-Alexander]]
* [[Inauguration of the Dutch monarch]]
* [[Amsterdam coronation riots]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Inauguration of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands}}
{{coord|52.3739|N|4.8918|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
[[Category:Beatrix of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:1980 in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Ceremonies in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Monarchy of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Inauguration|Beatrix]]