View source for Incheon

{{Short description|City in South Korea}}
{{About|the city|the airport|Incheon International Airport|other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Icheon}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Tone|date=August 2014}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2015}}
{{Travel guide|date=January 2022}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Incheon
| official_name      = Incheon Metropolitan City<br/>{{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|ko|인천광역시}}}}}}<br/>{{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|ko|仁川廣域市}}}}}}
| native_name        = 인천<br/>仁川
| settlement_type    = [[Special cities of South Korea|Metropolitan city]]
| translit_lang1     = Korean name
| translit_lang1_type = [[Hangul]]
| translit_lang1_info = {{lang|ko|인천광역시}}
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Hanja]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ko|仁川廣域市}}
| translit_lang1_type2 = {{nowrap|[[Revised&nbsp;Romanization]]}}
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{nowrap|Incheon Gwangyeoksi}}
| translit_lang1_type3 = {{nowrap|[[McCune–Reischauer]]}}
| translit_lang1_info3 = {{nowrap|Inch'ŏn Kwangyŏksi}}
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| total_width            = 280
| border                 = infobox
| perrow                 = 1/2/1/2
| caption_align          = center
| image1 = Songdo Central Park and Posco Tower Songdo.jpg
| caption1 = [[Songdo International Business District]]
| image2 = Ganghwado Jeondeungsa Temple 20200718 039.jpg
| caption2 = [[Jeondeungsa]]
| image3 = Jayu Park 20230430 024.jpg
| caption3 = [[Jayu Park|Freedom Park]]
| image4 = Icheon bridge.jpg
| caption4 =  [[Incheon Bridge]]
| image5 = Incheon Airport Train Terminal, Korea.jpg
| caption5 = [[Incheon International Airport]]
| image6 = Incheon Soccer Stadium 2.JPG{{!}}Incheon Soccer Stadium
| caption6 = [[Incheon Football Stadium]]
}}
| image_flag         = Flag of Incheon.svg
| image_blank_emblem = Emblem of Incheon.svg
| blank_emblem_type  = Emblem of Incheon
| blank_emblem_size  =
| nickname           =
| motto              =
| image_map          = Incheon-gwangyeoksi in South Korea.svg
| map_caption        =
| pushpin_map        = #South Korea#Asia
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_mapsize    =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates        = {{Coord|37|29|N|126|38|E|region:KR-28_type:adm1st|display=it}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = South Korea
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Korea|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Seoul Capital Area|Seoul Capital]]
| established_title  =
| established_date   = 18 BC; as Michuhol<br />1995 AD; as Incheon Metropolitan City
| founder            =
| named_for          =
| seat_type          =
| seat               =
| parts_type         = [[#Administrative divisions|Subdivisions]]
| parts_style        =
| parts              = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->
| p1                 = '''8 districts ("gu")'''
| government_footnotes =
| government_type    = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor-Council]]
| leader_title       = [[Mayor of Incheon|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Yoo Jeong-bok]] {{small|([[People Power Party (South Korea)|People Power]])}}
| leader_title1      = Body
| leader_name1       = [[Incheon Metropolitan Council]]
| total_type         = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref          = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
| area_footnotes     =
| area_magnitude     = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_total_km2     = 1062.63 <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_total_sq_mi   = >
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m        =
| elevation_ft       =
| elevation_min_m    =
| elevation_min_ft   =
| population_total   = 3,016,250
| population_as_of   = September 2024
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mois.go.kr/frt/sub/a05/totStat/screen.do |script-title=ko:연령별 인구현황 |trans-title=Population by Age |work=[[Ministry of the Interior and Safety (South Korea)|Ministry of the Interior and Safety]] |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-date=20 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420175139/http://www.mois.go.kr/frt/sub/a05/totStat/screen.do |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
| population_density_sq_mi = <!-- General information ------>
| population_note    =
| postal_code_type   = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code        =
| website            = {{URL|1=https://www.incheon.go.kr/en/index|2=Official website (English)}}
| area_code          = +82-31
| iso_code           = KR-28
| footnotes          = <!-- images and maps ------>
| p5                 = {{nowrap|[[Jung District, Incheon|Jung District]]}}
| p6                 = {{nowrap|[[Michuhol District]]}}
| p7                 = {{nowrap|[[Namdong District]]}}
| p8                 = {{nowrap|[[Seo District, Incheon|Seo District]]}}
| p9                 = {{nowrap|[[Yeonsu District]]}}
| p10                = &nbsp;
| p11                = '''2 counties ("gun")'''
| p12                = {{nowrap|[[Ganghwa County]]}}
| elevation_max_m    =
| elevation_max_ft   =
| timezone           = Korea Standard Time
| utc_offset         = +9
| blank_name         = [[Dialects of Korean|Dialect]]
| blank_info         = [[Gyeonggi dialect|Gyeonggi]]
| blank1_name        = Flower
| blank1_info        = [[Rose]]
| blank2_name        = Tree
| blank2_info        = [[Liriodendron|Tulip tree]]
| blank3_name        = Bird
| blank3_info        = [[Crane (bird)|Crane]]
| blank4_name        =
| blank4_info        =
| blank5_name        =
| blank5_info        =
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_title1 = Total
| demographics2_info1 = [[KR₩]]104 trillion<br />[[US$]]83 billion (2022)
| p13                = {{nowrap|[[Ongjin County, Incheon|Ongjin County]]}}
| anthem             = Song of Incheon
}}
'''Incheon''' ({{Korean|hangul=인천}}; {{IPA|ko|intɕʰʌ̹n}}; or '''Inch'ŏn'''; literally "kind river"), formerly '''Jemulpo''' or '''Chemulp'o''' ({{Korean|hangul=제물포}}) until the period after 1910, officially the '''Incheon Metropolitan City''' ({{Korean|hangul=인천광역시|labels=no}}), is a city located in northwestern South Korea, bordering [[Seoul]] and [[Gyeonggi Province]] to the east. Inhabited since the [[Neolithic]], Incheon was home to just 4,700 people when it became an international port in 1883. As of February 2020, about 3 million people live in the city, making it South Korea's third-most-populous city after [[Seoul]] and [[Busan]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1IN1502&conn_path=I2&language=en | title=Population, Households and Housing Units | publisher=[[Statistics Korea]] | date=2022-07-28 | access-date=2023-01-25}}</ref>
The city's growth has been assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city and its proximity to the South Korean capital. It is part of the [[Seoul Capital Area]], along with Seoul itself and [[Gyeonggi Province]], forming the world's fourth-largest [[List of metropolitan areas by population|metropolitan area by population]].
Incheon has since led the economic development of South Korea by opening its port to the outside world, ushering in the modernization of South Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as South Korea's first free economic zone.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bost |first=F. |title=World Free Zones Organization; Index cards by country; SOUTH KOREA |url=https://www.worldfzo.org/Portals/0/OpenContent/Files/487/South_Korea.pdf |access-date=15 April 2024 |website=World Free Zones Organization}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Changwon |date=2005-12-01 |title=Development of Free Economic Zones and Labor Standards: A Case Study of Free Economic Zones in Korea |url=https://hdl.handle.net/1813/89761 |journal=DigitalCollections@ILR |hdl=1813/89761 |language=en-US}}</ref> Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in the [[Incheon Free Economic Zone]], including [[Samsung]] which chose [[Songdo International Business District|Songdo]] International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
As an international city, Incheon has held numerous large-scale international conferences, such as the Incheon Global Fair & Festival in 2009. The 17th [[2014 Asian Games|Asian Games Incheon 2014]] was also held in Incheon on 19 September 2014. Incheon is also a major transportation hub in northeast Asia, with [[Incheon International Airport]] and Incheon Port.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} The large volume of port traffic makes Incheon a Large-Port Metropolis using the Southampton System of Port-City classification.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1080/03088839.2020.1802785 | title=The Southampton system: A new universal standard approach for port-city classification | year=2021 | last1=Roberts | first1=Toby | last2=Williams | first2=Ian | last3=Preston | first3=John | journal=Maritime Policy & Management | volume=48 | issue=4 | pages=530–542 | s2cid=225502755 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
==History==
The first historical record of the Incheon area dates back to 475 CE, during the reign of [[King Jangsu]] of [[Goguryeo]], by the name of '''Michuhol''', which is supposed to be located on modern Munhak Hill ({{lang|ko|문학산}}). The area underwent several name changes with successive kingdoms and dynasties. In [[Goryeo]] era, Incheon was called '''Gyeongwon''' ({{lang|ko|경원}}) or '''Inju''' ({{lang|ko|인주}}). The current name was turned to Incheon in 1413. {{citation needed|date=October 2017}} Later, Incheon County became Incheon Metropolitan Prefecture (dohobu, {{lang|ko|도호부}}). Old Incheon consisted of modern southern Incheon (i.e. Jung-gu, Dong-gu, Nam-gu, Yeonsu District, and Namdong District) and the northern part of [[Siheung]]. The city center was Gwangyo-dong, where the prefecture office ({{lang|ko|도호부청사}}) and the local academy (hyanggyo, {{lang|ko|향교}}) were located. The "original" two remaining buildings of the Incheon prefecture office are located in Munhak Elementary School, while the newly built (in 2001) prefecture office buildings are right across from [[Munhak Baseball Stadium]].
===Modern history===
[[File:Chemulpo (Incheon), 1890.jpg|thumb|left|270px|Jemulpo in 1890]]
Another historical name of the city, '''Jemulpo''' (alternatively Romanized as '''Chemulpo'''), was not widely used until the opening of the port in 1883. It was frequently used until the Japanese annexation.<ref>[http://english.incheon.go.kr/ Incheon Metropolitan City] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060107015749/http://english.incheon.go.kr/ |date=7 January 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ewing |first=Stefan |url=http://koreaweb.ws/pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2006-January/005354.html |title=By Train from Seoul to Incheon – and Jemulpo, too |publisher=Korea Web |date=25 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928035926/http://koreaweb.ws/pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2006-January/005354.html |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> After the opening of the Incheon port, the city center moved from Gwangyo to Jemulpo. Today, either Jemulpo or Gwangyo-dong is considered "Original Incheon" ({{lang|ko|원인천}}). It was internationally known as '''Jinsen''' during [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]], based on the Japanese pronunciation of Incheon's Sino-Korean name.
In 1914, the Japanese colonial government merged outer parts of old Incheon (including the former center of Gwangyo) with [[Bupyeong District|Bupyeong]] County, forming [[Bucheon]] County.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GAMEON'ASIA 2015, March 25–27, 2015, Ghent University, Incheon, South-Korea, Conference Venue {{!}} EUROSIS|url=https://www.eurosis.org/cms/index.php?q=node/2980|access-date=2021-07-08|website=www.eurosis.org|archive-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324001430/https://www.eurosis.org/cms/index.php?q=node%2F2980|url-status=live}}</ref> Between 1936 and 1940, some part of Bucheon County was recombined into Incheon, by which some part of "old" Bupyeong was annexed into Incheon.
Incheon was originally part of [[Gyeonggi Province]], but was granted ''Directly Governed'' (now Metropolitan) City status on 1 July 1981; the city officially separated from the province. In 1989, neighboring islands and Gyeyang township of Gimpo County{{efn|Prior to 1973, the township belonged to Bucheon or old Bupyeong.}} were ceded to Incheon and in 1995 Geomdan township of Gimpo County and two counties of Ganghwa and Onjin were annexed to Incheon.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
Incheon was known as '''Inchon''' prior to South Korea's adoption of a [[Revised Romanization of Korean|new Romanization system]] in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herald |first=Korea |date=2022-03-02 |title=[Lee Kyong-hee] Romanization of Korean &ndash; alphabet buffet |url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20220302000147 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=[[The Korea Herald]] |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:City attacked with tear gas 1987-05-10.png|left|thumb|Juan-dong, Incheon attacked with tear gas in May 1987]]
=== Major events ===
The city was the site of the [[Battle of Chemulpo Bay]], where the first shots of the [[Russo-Japanese War]] were fired.
During the [[Korean War]], Incheon was occupied by North Korean troops on 4 July 1950. Incheon was the site of the [[Battle of Inchon]] when the United States troops landed to relieve pressure on the [[Pusan Perimeter]] and to launch a United Nations offensive northward. The result was a decisive UN victory and it was recaptured on 19 September 1950.<ref>Bill Sloan, ''The Darkest Summer: Pusan and Inchon 1950: The Battles That Saved South Korea—and the Marines—From Extinction''(2009)</ref> {{USS|Inchon||6}} was named after the tide-turning battle that ensued.
Prior to and during the [[June Democratic Struggle|June Democratic Movement]] in 1987, Incheon was the site of several pro-democracy protests.
Incheon has also hosted a series of major international events. The Global Fair & Festival 2009 Incheon was held in the Songdo District in August 2009. It was open from 7 August to 25 October for a period of 80 days. It was a comprehensive international event with global institutions and corporations as participants. Various musicians and artists performed during the event.
[[File:인천광역시 시청 본관 2024.jpg|thumb|Incheon City Hall (2024.10)]]
The city hosted a meeting of the [[G20]] Finance Ministers in February 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/|title=G20 Information Centre|work=utoronto.ca|access-date=19 January 2010|archive-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216181533/http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/|url-status=live}}</ref> Incheon was the site of the third Global Model United Nations Conference, held from 10 to 14 August 2011.
It first hosted the [[Incheon Women Artists' Biennale]] in 2004 which expanded into welcoming international artists in its subsequent 2007, 2009<ref>{{cite news|last=Garcia |first=Cathy Rose A. |title=Spotlight on Women Artists at Incheon Biennale |date=30 July 2009 |newspaper=[[The Korea Times]] |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/09/203_49336.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811041901/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/09/203_49336.html |archive-date=11 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> and 2011.
Incheon hosted the [[Asian Games]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GHAFDetails?q=aKk4+eLTtkU0FFSe77FvufSabEQ+7pbdEdiwzqmxViilKeU8DBtcRpORjJxkGRKoY+p7/Kby5fQysZ6i4RcR8g==|title=- Olympic Council of Asia|website=www.ocasia.org|access-date=2019-02-18|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911002226/http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GHAFDetails?q=aKk4+eLTtkU0FFSe77FvufSabEQ+7pbdEdiwzqmxViilKeU8DBtcRpORjJxkGRKoY+p7%2FKby5fQysZ6i4RcR8g%3D%3D|url-status=live}}</ref> It hosted the 6th [[OECD]] World Forum in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 6th OECD World Forum: the Future of Well-being, 27–29 November 2018, Incheon, Korea|url=https://www.oecd.org/statistics/6wf.htm|access-date=November 3, 2021|website=OECD|archive-url=https://archive.today/20211103175121/https://www.oecd.org/statistics/6wf.htm|archive-date=3 November 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Incheon was designated as the [[World Book Capital]] for the year 2015 by [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2013-07-23 |title=Incheon (Republic of Korea) named World Book Capital 2015 |url=https://en.unesco.org/news/incheon-republic-korea-named-world-book-capital-2015 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref>
==Education==
On 27 February 2007, Incheon declared itself an "English City," and inaugurated the "Incheon Free English Zone" program. The goal of the program is to make the city as proficient in English as [[Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=69676&code=Ne4 |title=Arirang News |publisher=Arirang.co.kr |date=20 March 2007 |access-date=13 May 2013 |archive-date=7 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007131240/http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=69676&code=Ne4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This is for the ultimate purpose of establishing Incheon as a commercial and business hub of northeast Asia (see Free Economic Zone below). The official slogan of the program is "Smile with English."{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
===Higher education===
{{See also|Category:Universities and colleges in Incheon}}
Incheon is home to a number of colleges and universities:
* [[George Mason University]] Korea Campus
* [[Ghent University]] Global Campus
* [[Gyeongin National University of Education]] Incheon campus
* [[Inha University]] (formerly Inha Institute of Technology)
* [[Gachon University]] Medical·Ganghwa campus
* [[Gyeongin Women's College]]
* [[Inha Technical College]]
* [[Incheon Catholic University]]
* [[Incheon City College]]
* [[Incheon National University]]
* [[Jaineung College]]
* [[University of Utah]] Asia Campus
* [[SUNY South Korea]]
* [[Anyang University]] Ganghwa campus
* [[Yonsei University]] International campus
* [[Korea Polytechnics II]]
* [[Seongsan Hyo University]]
* [[Juan International University]]
== Climate ==
Incheon has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cwa'') using the {{Convert|-3|C|F}} isotherm,<ref name = kottek>{{cite journal| last = Kottek| first = M.| author2 = J. Grieser| author3 = C. Beck| author4 = B. Rudolf| author5 = F. Rubel| title = World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated| journal = Meteorol. Z.| volume = 15| pages = 259–263| url = http://www.schweizerbart.de/resources/downloads/paper_free/55034.pdf| doi = 10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130| access-date = 8 December 2012| year = 2006| issue = 3| bibcode = 2006MetZe..15..259K| archive-date = 12 April 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190412021016/http://www.schweizerbart.de/resources/downloads/paper_free/55034.pdf| url-status = live}}</ref> and [[humid continental climate]]<ref name=Peel>{{cite journal | author1=Peel, M. C. | author2=Finlayson B. L. | author3=McMahon, T. A. | name-list-style=amp | year=2007 | title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification | journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. | volume=11 | issue=5 | pages=1633–1644 | doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 | url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf | issn=1027-5606 | bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P | doi-access=free | access-date=25 March 2022 | archive-date=2 December 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202204538/https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dwa'', respectively) using the {{Convert|0|C|F}} isotherm. Like other metropolitan cities, Incheon has a strong [[urban heat island]] effect.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://meteo.geo.uni.lodz.pl/icuc5/text/P_2_4.pdf |title=MAXIMUM URBAN HEAT ISLAND INTENSITY IN LARGE CITIES OF KOREA |author1=Yeon-Hee Kim |author2=Jong-Jin Baik |author3=Byoung-Cheol Choi |website=[[University of Łódź]] |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-date=23 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123191003/http://meteo.geo.uni.lodz.pl/icuc5/text/P_2_4.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Incheon's climate is about average compared to the rest of Korea, with 8 locations being cooler and 10 locations being warmer, and with 9 locations being wetter and 9 locations being drier.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/k/KO47112.php|title=Inchon, Korea: Climate, Global Warming, and Daylight Charts and Data|work=climate-charts.com|access-date=31 July 2008|archive-date=14 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114064037/http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/k/KO47112.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
Incheon experiences each of its four seasons, distinctly feeling the rise and fall of temperature and humidity. The temperature however, never rises to an extreme, and the climate of the city is essentially mild. Incheon is swept by the seasonal winds as the northwesterly winds strike the city in the winter and the summer in Incheon is affected by gusts of the warm southwesterly winds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/south-korea/incheon/incheon--overview/-incheon-weather.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513231114/http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/south-korea/incheon/incheon--overview/-incheon-weather.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=13 May 2008|title=AsiaRooms – LateRooms – Last Minute Hotel Deals & Cheap Hotels|work=asiarooms.com}}</ref>
{{Weather box
| location = Incheon (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1904–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 15.8
| Feb record high C = 18.2
| Mar record high C = 21.9
| Apr record high C = 32.7
| May record high C = 31.2
| Jun record high C = 33.8
| Jul record high C = 38.9
| Aug record high C = 38.9
| Sep record high C = 33.4
| Oct record high C = 28.6
| Nov record high C = 26.2
| Dec record high C = 17.5
| year record high C = 38.9
| Jan high C = 2.2
| Feb high C = 4.8
| Mar high C = 10.1
| Apr high C = 16.2
| May high C = 21.6
| Jun high C = 25.6
| Jul high C = 27.8
| Aug high C = 29.2
| Sep high C = 25.8
| Oct high C = 19.9
| Nov high C = 12.0
| Dec high C = 4.5
| year high C = 16.6
| Jan mean C = −1.5
| Feb mean C = 0.7
| Mar mean C = 5.6
| Apr mean C = 11.5
| May mean C = 16.8
| Jun mean C = 21.3
| Jul mean C = 24.4
| Aug mean C = 25.6
| Sep mean C = 21.5
| Oct mean C = 15.3
| Nov mean C = 7.9
| Dec mean C = 0.7
| year mean C = 12.5
| Jan low C = -4.8
| Feb low C = -2.8
| Mar low C = 2.1
| Apr low C = 7.9
| May low C = 13.1
| Jun low C = 18.0
| Jul low C = 21.8
| Aug low C = 22.9
| Sep low C = 18.1
| Oct low C = 11.4
| Nov low C = 4.3
| Dec low C = -2.7
| year low C = 9.1
| Jan record low C = -21.0
| Feb record low C = -18.4
| Mar record low C = -13.8
| Apr record low C = -3.6
| May record low C = 3.4
| Jun record low C = 8.7
| Jul record low C = 12.8
| Aug record low C = 14.4
| Sep record low C = 5.3
| Oct record low C = -3.2
| Nov record low C = -12.0
| Dec record low C = -18.6
| year record low C = -21.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 15.9
| Feb precipitation mm = 25.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 33.8
| Apr precipitation mm = 63.5
| May precipitation mm = 96.3
| Jun precipitation mm = 106.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 337.7
| Aug precipitation mm = 274.6
| Sep precipitation mm = 130.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 51.1
| Nov precipitation mm = 50.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 22.3
| year precipitation mm = 1207.4
| Jan humidity = 61.1
| Feb humidity = 61.2
| Mar humidity = 63.4
| Apr humidity = 64.5
| May humidity = 69.8
| Jun humidity = 75.9
| Jul humidity = 83.8
| Aug humidity = 80.1
| Sep humidity = 72.9
| Oct humidity = 66.7
| Nov humidity = 64.3
| Dec humidity = 61.8
| year humidity = 68.8
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 5.9
| Feb precipitation days = 5.2
| Mar precipitation days = 5.9
| Apr precipitation days = 7.9
| May precipitation days = 8.4
| Jun precipitation days = 9.5
| Jul precipitation days = 15.0
| Aug precipitation days = 12.4
| Sep precipitation days = 8.1
| Oct precipitation days = 6.0
| Nov precipitation days = 8.6
| Dec precipitation days = 7.7
| year precipitation days = 100.6
| Jan snow days = 7.1
| Feb snow days = 4.4
| Mar snow days = 2.0
| Apr snow days = 0.2
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 1.8
| Dec snow days = 6.6
| year snow days = 22.1
| Jan sun = 186.6
| Feb sun = 188.5
| Mar sun = 215.3
| Apr sun = 220.0
| May sun = 239.5
| Jun sun = 212.5
| Jul sun = 159.7
| Aug sun = 189.8
| Sep sun = 200.4
| Oct sun = 219.1
| Nov sun = 170.2
| Dec sun = 176.7
| year sun = 2378.3
| Jan percentsun = 58.0
| Feb percentsun = 59.5
| Mar percentsun = 55.3
| Apr percentsun = 55.6
| May percentsun = 52.7
| Jun percentsun = 46.1
| Jul percentsun = 35.0
| Aug percentsun = 45.4
| Sep percentsun = 52.9
| Oct percentsun = 60.6
| Nov percentsun = 55.2
| Dec percentsun = 57.3
| year percentsun = 52.0
| source = [[Korea Meteorological Administration]] (percent sunshine 1981–2010)<ref name=KMA>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220129211110/https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/korea_pdf_0106_v2.pdf
| archive-date = 29 January 2022
| url = https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/korea_pdf_0106_v2.pdf
| title = Climatological Normals of Korea (1991 ~ 2020)
| publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration
| access-date = 4 April 2022
| pages = II-29, II-30, II-468
| language = ko}}</ref><ref name= KMAextremes>{{cite web
| url = https://data.kma.go.kr/climate/extremum/selectExtremumList.do?pgmNo=103
| publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration
| access-date = 16 October 2021
| script-title = ko:순위값 – 구역별조회
| language = ko
| archive-date = 7 October 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211007220002/https://data.kma.go.kr/climate/extremum/selectExtremumList.do?pgmNo=103
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name= KMAnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161207185450/http://www.kma.go.kr/down/Climatological_2010.pdf
| archive-date = 7 December 2016
| url = http://www.kma.go.kr/down/Climatological_2010.pdf
| publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration
| access-date = 8 December 2016
| title = Climatological Normals of Korea
| date = 2011
| page = 499 and 649}}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box
| collapsed = Y
| location = [[Ganghwa County]], Incheon (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1972–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 12.6
| Feb record high C = 17.4
| Mar record high C = 22.3
| Apr record high C = 29.2
| May record high C = 31.0
| Jun record high C = 33.2
| Jul record high C = 35.5
| Aug record high C = 35.8
| Sep record high C = 31.7
| Oct record high C = 28.3
| Nov record high C = 23.8
| Dec record high C = 16.0
| year record high C = 35.8
| Jan high C = 1.7
| Feb high C = 4.5
| Mar high C = 9.8
| Apr high C = 16.2
| May high C = 21.4
| Jun high C = 25.4
| Jul high C = 27.6
| Aug high C = 29.0
| Sep high C = 25.5
| Oct high C = 19.5
| Nov high C = 11.5
| Dec high C = 3.9
| year high C = 16.3
| Jan mean C = -3.2
| Feb mean C = -0.7
| Mar mean C = 4.6
| Apr mean C = 10.7
| May mean C = 16.0
| Jun mean C = 20.5
| Jul mean C = 23.7
| Aug mean C = 24.7
| Sep mean C = 20.2
| Oct mean C = 13.7
| Nov mean C = 6.3
| Dec mean C = -0.9
| year mean C = 11.3
| Jan low C = -8.1
| Feb low C = -5.8
| Mar low C = -0.6
| Apr low C = 5.3
| May low C = 11.0
| Jun low C = 16.3
| Jul low C = 20.6
| Aug low C = 21.2
| Sep low C = 15.6
| Oct low C = 8.1
| Nov low C = 1.2
| Dec low C = -5.7
| year low C = 6.6
| Jan record low C = -22.5
| Feb record low C = -19.4
| Mar record low C = -11.3
| Apr record low C = -4.4
| May record low C = 1.6
| Jun record low C = 6.9
| Jul record low C = 12.7
| Aug record low C = 12.5
| Sep record low C = 3.0
| Oct record low C = -4.2
| Nov record low C = -12.0
| Dec record low C = -19.8
| year record low C = -22.5
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 15.6
| Feb precipitation mm = 22.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 31.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 64.9
| May precipitation mm = 110.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 110.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 355.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 300.4
| Sep precipitation mm = 131.5
| Oct precipitation mm = 55.8
| Nov precipitation mm = 46.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 21.3
| year precipitation mm = 1266.2
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 5.0
| Feb precipitation days = 4.8
| Mar precipitation days = 6.0
| Apr precipitation days = 7.5
| May precipitation days = 8.2
| Jun precipitation days = 8.6
| Jul precipitation days = 14.1
| Aug precipitation days = 11.9
| Sep precipitation days = 7.4
| Oct precipitation days = 5.6
| Nov precipitation days = 7.5
| Dec precipitation days = 6.6
| year precipitation days =
| Jan snow days = 7.3
| Feb snow days = 4.3
| Mar snow days = 2.4
| Apr snow days = 0.2
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.1
| Nov snow days = 1.5
| Dec snow days = 5.1
| year snow days = 20.6
| Jan humidity = 63.6
| Feb humidity = 61.0
| Mar humidity = 61.4
| Apr humidity = 62.4
| May humidity = 68.6
| Jun humidity = 75.1
| Jul humidity = 82.8
| Aug humidity = 79.9
| Sep humidity = 73.8
| Oct humidity = 68.9
| Nov humidity = 67.8
| Dec humidity = 65.4
| year humidity = 69.2
| Jan sun = 186.2
| Feb sun = 186.5
| Mar sun = 217.0
| Apr sun = 221.7
| May sun = 235.3
| Jun sun = 208.5
| Jul sun = 153.0
| Aug sun = 184.9
| Sep sun = 203.8
| Oct sun = 214.3
| Nov sun = 166.0
| Dec sun = 171.8
| year sun = 2349.0
| Jan percentsun = 58.7
| Feb percentsun = 61.8
| Mar percentsun = 58.9
| Apr percentsun = 59.0
| May percentsun = 54.8
| Jun percentsun = 50.0
| Jul percentsun = 38.6
| Aug percentsun = 47.7
| Sep percentsun = 57.4
| Oct percentsun = 63.3
| Nov percentsun = 55.7
| Dec percentsun = 55.6
| year percentsun = 54.6
| source = [[Korea Meteorological Administration]] (percent sunshine 1981–2010)<ref name= KMA/><ref name= KMAextremes/><ref name= KMAnormals/>
}}
{{Weather box
| collapsed = Y
| location = [[Baengnyeongdo]], [[Ongjin County, Incheon|Ongjin County]], Incheon (2001–2020 normals, extremes 2000–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 9.4
| Feb record high C = 15.5
| Mar record high C = 17.3
| Apr record high C = 23.7
| May record high C = 28.1
| Jun record high C = 30.0
| Jul record high C = 33.5
| Aug record high C = 33.2
| Sep record high C = 29.9
| Oct record high C = 25.6
| Nov record high C = 20.3
| Dec record high C = 13.8
| year record high C = 33.5
| Jan high C = 1.2
| Feb high C = 2.8
| Mar high C = 7.1
| Apr high C = 13.0
| May high C = 18.7
| Jun high C = 22.9
| Jul high C = 25.4
| Aug high C = 26.9
| Sep high C = 23.5
| Oct high C = 17.7
| Nov high C = 10.6
| Dec high C = 3.8
| year high C = 14.5
| Jan mean C = -1.3
| Feb mean C = 0.0
| Mar mean C = 3.8
| Apr mean C = 9.1
| May mean C = 14.5
| Jun mean C = 19.0
| Jul mean C = 22.3
| Aug mean C = 23.8
| Sep mean C = 20.1
| Oct mean C = 14.7
| Nov mean C = 7.9
| Dec mean C = 1.2
| year mean C = 11.3
| Jan low C = -3.4
| Feb low C = -2.2
| Mar low C = 1.3
| Apr low C = 6.0
| May low C = 11.1
| Jun low C = 16.1
| Jul low C = 19.9
| Aug low C = 21.5
| Sep low C = 17.8
| Oct low C = 12.3
| Nov low C = 5.5
| Dec low C = -1.1
| year low C = 8.7
| Jan record low C = -17.4
| Feb record low C = -15.3
| Mar record low C = -7.7
| Apr record low C = 0.5
| May record low C = 5.0
| Jun record low C = 7.3
| Jul record low C = 13.0
| Aug record low C = 14.1
| Sep record low C = 10.7
| Oct record low C = 2.1
| Nov record low C = -3.9
| Dec record low C = -11.3
| year record low C = -17.4
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 13.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 17.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 18.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 47.5
| May precipitation mm = 74.3
| Jun precipitation mm = 72.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 201.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 158.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 90.6
| Oct precipitation mm = 31.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 41.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 21.6
| year precipitation mm = 787.3
| Jan humidity = 63.4
| Feb humidity = 63.0
| Mar humidity = 65.5
| Apr humidity = 65.7
| May humidity = 70.1
| Jun humidity = 80.2
| Jul humidity = 88.0
| Aug humidity = 83.7
| Sep humidity = 75.9
| Oct humidity = 67.8
| Nov humidity = 64.7
| Dec humidity = 63.8
| year humidity = 71.0
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 7.4
| Feb precipitation days = 4.8
| Mar precipitation days = 5.3
| Apr precipitation days = 6.9
| May precipitation days = 8.1
| Jun precipitation days = 10.0
| Jul precipitation days = 13.9
| Aug precipitation days = 11.1
| Sep precipitation days = 6.7
| Oct precipitation days = 5.0
| Nov precipitation days = 8.5
| Dec precipitation days = 9.9
| year precipitation days = 97.6
| Jan snow days = 11.0
| Feb snow days = 6.2
| Mar snow days = 2.3
| Apr snow days = 0.1
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.2
| Nov snow days = 3.0
| Dec snow days = 12.7
| year snow days = 35.5
| Jan sun = 139.9
| Feb sun = 166.6
| Mar sun = 216.9
| Apr sun = 219.3
| May sun = 239.6
| Jun sun = 191.0
| Jul sun = 136.7
| Aug sun = 189.6
| Sep sun = 212.4
| Oct sun = 217.6
| Nov sun = 146.7
| Dec sun = 117.3
| year sun = 2193.6
| Jan percentsun = 43.3
| Feb percentsun = 54.3
| Mar percentsun = 53.9
| Apr percentsun = 53.0
| May percentsun = 51.4
| Jun percentsun = 38.6
| Jul percentsun = 28.6
| Aug percentsun = 40.8
| Sep percentsun = 54.5
| Oct percentsun = 60.6
| Nov percentsun = 49.3
| Dec percentsun = 37.9
| year percentsun = 46.8
| source = [[Korea Meteorological Administration]] (percent sunshine 1981–2010)<ref name= KMA/><ref name= KMAextremes/><ref name= KMAnormals/>
}}
==Economy==
Incheon forms the heart of Capital Industrial Region. During the industrialization of South Korea, several industrial complexes were built throughout the city, and as a result, the city was largely dependent on manufacturing industry. But with the designation of [[Incheon Free Economic Zone]] in 2003, the city is now making an effort to foster new growth industries. Major industrial parks include Bupyeong industrial complex, which hosts [[General Motors|GM]] Incheon plant(formerly a GM Daewoo Incheon plant), Juan industrial complex, and Namdong Industrial complex.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
In recent years, bio industry is emerging as a new growth industry of the city.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} Currently, with the total production capacity of 330kℓ per year, the city ranks 2nd in the world by production capacity along with [[San Francisco]], United States.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} The capacity is under expansion, and after completion in 2018, the city will rank 1st with the production capacity of 510kℓ.<ref>{{Cite news|script-title=ko:송도국제도시 세계 최대 바이오의약품 생산기지로 뜬다 |trans-title=Songdo International City becomes the world's largest biopharmaceutical production base |language=ko |date=12 October 2015 |url=http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2015/10/12/0200000000AKR20151012057700065.HTML? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014232338/http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2015/10/12/0200000000AKR20151012057700065.HTML |archive-date=14 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Also, [[logistics industry]] is also experiencing a rapid growth, thanks to [[Incheon Airport]], which was ranked fourth in the world by cargo traffic, and the expansion of Incheon Port.
==Transportation==
Incheon is a major domestic and international transport hub for Korea.
[[File:인천공항T2 체크인F 한글조형물반사된 모습.jpg|thumb|Incheon Air Departures]]
=== Air ===
[[Incheon International Airport]] is South Korea's primary international airport and a regional air hub. In 2015, it was the world's 22nd busiest airport by passenger traffic, with 49,412,750 passengers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Year to date Passenger Traffic: December 2015 |publisher=Airports Council International (ACI) |url=http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/Passenger-Summary/Year-to-date |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129021001/http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/Passenger-Summary/Year-to-date |archive-date=29 January 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
There were a total of 305,446 flights (300,634 international, 4,812 domestic) to and from Incheon International Airport in 2015, an average of 837 flights (824 international, 13 domestic) daily. Korea's two main carriers, [[Korean Air]] and [[Asiana Airlines]], serviced 50.9% of flights, while low-cost and foreign carriers serviced the remaining 49.1% of flights.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:Airport Statistics: 인천공항 |trans-title=Airport Statistics: Incheon International Airport |language=ko |url=http://www.airport.kr/co/en/2/6/3/index.jsp# |access-date=15 June 2016 |archive-date=22 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622184659/http://www.airport.kr/co/en/2/6/3/index.jsp |url-status=live |title=Incheon Airport }}</ref> The airport is experiencing a rapid increase in passengers, and the opening of Terminal 2 in December 2017 spurred additional traffic.
The airport was also featured in the Korean drama series, "Air City."
Incheon International Airport ranked "5th in the world" among international airports in late 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-09|script-title=ko:인천공항 국제여객 순위 '세계 5위' 기염|url=http://www.kihoilbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=786472|access-date=2021-04-17|website={{ill|Kiho Ilbo|ko|기호일보}}|language=ko|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417112632/http://www.kihoilbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=786472|url-status=live}}</ref>{{when|date=March 2022}}{{update inline|date=March 2022}}
=== Sea ===
Incheon's sea port is the second largest port in Korea after [[Busan Port]].
The International Passenger Terminal located at the port offers ferries to five cities in [[China]]: [[Dalian]], [[Qingdao]], [[Tianjin]], [[Dandong]], and [[Weihai]]. There are also ferries to Incheon's outlying islands as well as [[Baengnyeongdo]] inside of the [[Northern Limit Line]].
=== Buses ===
[[Incheon Bus Terminal]], located at its eponymous subway stop, offers express bus transportation to all parts of Korea. Many city bus lines offer transportation within city limits as well as to the neighboring cities of [[Bucheon]], [[Gimpo]], [[Seoul]], and [[Siheung]].
<gallery mode="nolines">
File:인천공항T1 버스매표소 2024.jpg|Incheon Air Bus Terminal
File:인천버스터미널.jpg|Bus Terminal
File:Cheongna GRT Bi-modality tram stop at Cheongna International City Station.jpg|Cheongna GRT
File:Incheon City Tour 1289.JPG|Incheon City Tour Bus
File:Incheon City Bus No 30.JPG|Incheon City Bus No 30
</gallery>
=== Trains ===
[[File:AREX gyeyang station platform.jpg|thumb|AREX [[Gyeyang station]] platform]]
Local service to [[Guro station|Guro]], [[Seoul Station|Seoul]], [[Cheongnyangni Station (underground)|Cheongnyangni]], [[Uijeongbu station|Uijeongbu]] and [[Soyosan station|Soyosan]] is offered by Seoul's subway [[Seoul Subway Line 1|Line 1]]. The line has 11 stations within Incheon and connects to the Incheon Subway at Bupyeong and Juan stations.
Rapid service on the same line to [[Yongsan station]] in Seoul depart from Dongincheon station and stops at major stations.
The Airport Express ([[AREX]]) line runs from [[Incheon International Airport]] to [[Seoul Station]] via [[Gimpo International Airport]]. The Incheon-Gimpo section was opened in March 2007 and was extended to Seoul station in December 2010. Passengers can choose a high-speed service stopping only at Incheon airport and Seoul, which takes 43 minutes but departs only every half-hour; or the all-station service which takes 53 minutes but leaves every six minutes.
[[KTX]] service was introduced on the AREX line on 30 June 2014, with stops at [[Incheon International Airport station]] and [[Geomam station]]. There are additional plans to use the newly built [[Suin Line]] to bring KTX service to [[Incheon station]] by 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bae |first=Joon-yong |date=19 April 2016 |script-title=ko:인천역에 KTX 들어오나? |trans-title=Will KTX come to Incheon station? |language=ko |newspaper=Incheon Daily News |url=http://www.incheonilbo.com/?mod=news&act=articleView&idxno=574070 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808132343/http://www.incheonilbo.com/?mod=news&act=articleView&idxno=574070 |archive-date=8 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Subway ===
{{Main|Incheon Subway}}
[[File:Incheon Airport Maglev.jpg|thumb|left|[[Incheon Airport Maglev]]]]
The Incheon Subway has two subway lines serving the city. The first line connects to the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]] system at [[Bupyeong station]] ([[Seoul Subway Line 1]]), and [[AREX]] line at [[Gyeyang station]]. It connects [[International Business District station]] in [[Songdo International Business District|Songdo]] to Gyeyang station. The line has 28 stations on {{convert|29.4|km|1|abbr=off}} of track. The line also has transfer stations with the [[Suin Line]] at [[Woninjae station]], with the [[Incheon Subway Line 2]] at [[Incheon City Hall station]], and with [[Seoul Subway Line 7]] at [[Bupyeong-gu Office station]]. [[Incheon Subway Line 2]] opened in July 2016 and runs from Geomdan Oryu station to Unyeon station. The automated line is {{convert|29.2|km|1|abbr=off}} long, and has 27 stations, including transfer stations at [[Geomam station]] with the [[AREX]] line, [[Juan station]] with [[Seoul Subway Line 1]] and [[Incheon Subway Line 2]] at [[Incheon City Hall station]].
The Incheon subway is operated by the Incheon Rapid Transit Corporation (IRTC).
[[Korail]] has also constructed a new commuter rail line named [[Suin Line]]. The line opened in 2012 from [[Oido station]] in [[Siheung]] to [[Songdo station]] in Incheon. It was then extended in 2016, and now reaches [[Incheon station]] where passengers can transfer to [[Seoul Subway Line 1]]. In 2020, the line was extended from [[Oido station]] to [[Suwon Station]].
SMRT (one of three operating companies of Seoul Metropolitan Subway) has extended Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 7 to Bupyeong-gu office by 2011 and provided transfers to the Incheon Subway system. It has 3 stations within Incheon. By 2020, the line will further be extended westwards to Seoknam station where it will be possible to transfer to Incheon Subway Line 2.
==Free Economic Zone==
The [[Incheon Free Economic Zone]] (''IFEZ'') comprises the regions of [[Songdo]], [[Cheongna International City|Cheongna]], and [[Yeongjongdo|Yeongjong]] Island, covering a total area of 51,739 acres (20,938 hectares). IFEZ was established to develop these areas into centres for logistics, international business, leisure, and tourism, aimed primarily at the Northeast Asian region. The designation of "''Free Economic Zone''" refers to efforts to enhance the business environment for foreign enterprises and improve living conditions for expatriates. It was the first zone of its kind in South Korea, formally designated in August 2003. The region includes infrastructure for air and sea transportation, logistics, international business, financial services, and residential facilities, alongside educational, medical, and leisure amenities.
===New Songdo City===
Development of [[Songdo|Songdo International City]] began in 1994 on [[Land reclamation|reclaimed land]] and has been intended as a centre for international business, trade, technology, and environmentally conscious urban living. Initially projected to be completed by 2020, some areas continue to be under development, with evolving projects and adjustments to the original master plan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 14, 2023 |script-title=ko:송도 들어서는 롯데몰 건축허가 변경 승인됐다 (A change in the building permit for Lotte Mall in Songdo was approved.) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7DPHLpGkSuE |access-date=September 30, 2024 |website=OBS Gyeongin TV}}</ref> Songdo houses various multinational companies and hosts several international institutions, including the [[Green Climate Fund]]. The city is also recognised for its smart city technologies and eco-friendly design, featuring extensive green spaces, smart infrastructure, and advanced waste management systems.
* Development area: {{convert|13162|acre|km2}}
* Planned population: 252,000 persons{{cn|date=November 2024}}
=== Yeongjong Island ===
As of 2012, [[Yeongjongdo|Yeongjong International City]], centred around [[Incheon International Airport]], has been under development as an eco-friendly airport city. Originally scheduled for completion by 2020, certain projects are still ongoing as the area continues to evolve.<ref>{{Cite web |first=미숙 |last=서 |date=March 23, 2020 |script-title=ko:우미·제일·서한건설, 세종·인천에 공공지원 민간임대 건설 - (Umi, Cheil, Seohan Construction, construction of public support private lease in Sejong and Incheon) |url=https://n.news.naver.com/mnews/article/001/0011491031?sid=101 |access-date=September 30, 2024 |website=[[Yonhap News Agency]] (delivered by Naver)}}</ref> The development aims to combine logistical facilities with residential, business, and tourism sectors, leveraging its proximity to the airport.
* Development area: {{convert|34,183|acre|km2|}}{{cn|date=November 2024}}
=== Cheongna ===
[[Cheongna International City|Cheongna]], located on the mainland near [[Yeongjongdo|Yeongjong]] Island, is designed to focus on entertainment and leisure. It includes residential zones, sports facilities, and a business district catering to international finance. Although initially slated for completion by 2008, development timelines have since been extended, with some projects, such as the theme park, still in the planning or early construction stages.
* Development Size: {{convert|4394|acre|km2|}}
* Planned population: 90,000 persons{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
<gallery>
File:Dwppp.png|[[Cheongna]] District
File:South Korea, Incheon, Songdo, the Sharp Central Park Towers and Prugio Central Park Towers.jpg|[[Songdo International City]]
File:Yeongjong Bridge2.jpg|[[Yeongjong Island|Yeongjong]] Bridge
</gallery>
==Administrative divisions==
{{Main|List of districts and counties of Incheon}}
[[File:04-00-incheon-en.svg|400px|thumb|Administrative divisions]]
Incheon is divided into 8 districts (''gu'') and 2 counties (''gun'').
* [[Bupyeong District]] ({{Korean |hangul=부평구 |hanja=富平區}})
* [[Dong District, Incheon|Dong District]] ({{Korean |labels=no |hangul=동구 |hanja=東區}})
* [[Gyeyang District]] ({{Korean |labels=no |hangul=계양구 |hanja=桂陽區}})
* [[Jung District, Incheon|Jung District]] ({{Korean |labels=no |hangul=중구 |hanja=中區}})
* [[Michuhol District]] ({{Korean |labels=no |hangul=미추홀구 |hanja=彌鄒忽區}})
* [[Namdong District]] ({{Korean |labels=no |hangul=남동구 |hanja=南洞區}})
* [[Seo District, Incheon|Seo District]] ({{Korean |labels=no |hangul=서구 |hanja=西區}})
* [[Yeonsu District]] ({{Korean |labels=no |hangul=연수구 |hanja=延壽區}})
* [[Ganghwa County]] ({{Korean |labels=no |hangul=강화군 |hanja=江華郡}})
* [[Ongjin County, Incheon|Ongjin County]] ({{Korean |labels=no |hangul=옹진군 |hanja=甕津郡}})
==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Incheon (2015)<ref name="2015census">{{cite web|url=https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1PM1502&conn_path=I2|title=2015 Census – Religion Results|publisher=KOSIS KOrean Statistical Information Service|language=ko|access-date=March 10, 2021|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226150454/https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1PM1502&conn_path=I2|url-status=live}}</ref>
|label1 = Not religious
|value1 = 57.9
|color1 = Gray
|label2 = [[Protestantism]]
|value2 = 23.1
|color2 = DodgerBlue
|label3 = [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]
|value3 = 9.5
|color3 = DarkOrchid
|label4 = [[Buddhism]]
|value4 = 8.7
|color4 = Gold
|label5 = Other
|value5 = 0.8
|color5 = Black
}}
{{Historical populations|1970|634046|1980|1083906|1990|1817919|2000|2475139|2010|2662509|2020|2945454|align=right|source=<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://population.un.org/wup/ |title=World Urbanization Prospects |access-date=20 February 2020 |archive-date=19 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119092357/https://population.un.org/wup/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census|url=https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1IN0001_ENG&vw_cd=MT_ETITLE&list_id=A111&scrId=&language=en&seqNo=&lang_mode=en&obj_var_id=&itm_id=&conn_path=MT_ETITLE&path=%252Feng%252FstatisticsList%252FstatisticsListIndex.do|publisher=[[Statistics Korea]]}}</ref>}}According to the 2015 census, 32.6% of the population follow [[Christianity]] (23.1% [[Protestantism]] and 9.5% [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]) and 8.7% follow [[Buddhism]]. 57.9% of the population is irreligious. 0.8% of the population follow other religions including [[Islam]], [[Muism]], and [[Confucianism]].<ref name="2015census" />
==Sports==
[[File:Incheon Asiad Main Stadium.jpg|thumb|[[Incheon Asiad Main Stadium]], main stadium of [[2014 Asian Games]] ]]
Incheon is home to the following professional and semi-professional sports teams:
;Association football
The [[K League 2]] team [[Incheon United FC]]. The club was known to have a popular rivalry against former [[Bucheon SK]] (now [[Jeju United]]), due to the teams' close geographical relationship.
The [[K4 League]] team [[FC Namdong]] is based in the [[Namdong District]] of Incheon.
The [[WK League]] team is named [[Incheon Hyundai Steel Red Angels|Hyundai Steel Red Angels]].
;Baseball
The [[KBO League]] team [[SSG Landers]]. The first Incheon-based professional baseball team were [[Hyundai Unicorns|Sammi Superstars]].
;Basketball
The [[Women's Korean Basketball League|WKBL]] team [[Incheon Shinhan Bank S-Birds]] is based in Incheon. Between 1997 and 2021, Incheon hosted the [[Korean Basketball League|KBL]] team [[Incheon Electroland Elephants]].
;Volleyball
The [[V-League (South Korea)|V-League]] teams are [[Incheon Korean Air Jumbos]] (men's) and [[Incheon Heungkuk Life Pink Spiders]] (women's).
;Munhak Sports Complex
The Munhak Sports Complex houses both a [[Incheon Munhak Stadium|football stadium]] and a [[Munhak Baseball Stadium|baseball stadium]]. The football stadium was Incheon's venue for the [[2002 Football World Cup]], and is also the home venue for Incheon United. The baseball stadium is the home venue for the SSG Landers.
In April 2007, Incheon was selected as the host city for the [[2014 Asian Games]], beating out [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yoo|first=Soh-jung|newspaper=[[The Korea Herald]]|title=2014 Asian Games to promote regional harmony|date=July 6, 2010|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20100607001600|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419194814/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20100607001600|archive-date=April 19, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
;Yeonhui Cricket Ground
[[Yeonhui Cricket Ground]] is a purpose-built cricket stadium in Incheon built for [[cricket at the 2014 Asian Games|cricket events]] at the 2014 Asian Games. The 2014 Asian Games featured cricket for both the men's and the women's event and this ground was used for the scheduled cricket matches played at the games. It is the first cricket stadium in South Korea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiancricket.org/index.php/news/december-2013/2758|title=INCHEON PUTTING IN THE HARD YARDS|work=[[Asian Cricket Council]]|date=December 4, 2013|access-date=July 13, 2019|archive-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713163201/http://www.asiancricket.org/index.php/news/december-2013/2758|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://modernseoul.org/2014/10/30/yeonhui-cricket-ground-incheon-asian-games-2014/|title=Yeonhui Cricket Ground (Incheon Asian Games 2014)|work=modernseoul.org|date=December 4, 2013|access-date=July 13, 2019|archive-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713163159/https://modernseoul.org/2014/10/30/yeonhui-cricket-ground-incheon-asian-games-2014/|url-status=live}}</ref>
;Incheon Football Stadium (Sungui Arena)
[[Incheon Football Stadium]] is the first football-only stadium in Incheon. It was built in 2012 with a capacity for 20,891 spectators.
==Points of interest==
Incheon administers several of Korea's western islands, including [[Ganghwa Island]], [[Yeongjong Island]], and [[Baengnyeongdo]], with Baengnyeongdo being South Korea's westernmost point.
Key points of interest in Incheon include:
* [[Bupyeong Station]]: A major transport hub where [[Seoul Subway Line 1]] and Incheon Subway Line intersect. Bupyeong is known for its vast underground shopping centre, featuring 1,408 stores over 31,692 square metres (as recorded by the National Archives of Korea). This centre was recognised by the American World Record Academy in 2014 for having the largest number of stores in the world. Above ground, Bupyeong offers a lively mix of restaurants, shops, and a Lotte Mart.
* [[Jayu Park|Jayu (Freedom) Park]]: Located near Incheon's port, this park is home to a statue of General [[Douglas MacArthur]] and a memorial marking the centennial of U.S.-Korea relations.
* [[Incheon Chinatown|Chinatown]]: Korea's only official Chinatown, situated across from Incheon Station, close to Jayu Park, offering a taste of Chinese culture and cuisine.
* [[Incheon Bus Terminal]] Area: Centred around the city's bus terminal, this area also features a subway station and a performance venue. The bustling Rodeo Street in Guwol-dong is lined with restaurants, department stores, and shops.
* [[Wolmido]]: A former military site at [[Green Beach]], used during the Incheon Landing. It is now a popular tourist destination with a [[boardwalk]], [[amusement park]], and seafood restaurants. Ferries to Yeongjongdo and Jakyakdo depart from here.
* [[Jakyakdo]] Island: A small island located between Wolmido and Yeongjongdo. Visitors can enjoy scenic walks, picnic spots, a restaurant, and seasonal accommodation.
* [[Incheon Landing Operation Memorial Hall]]: This site commemorates the Incheon Landing with a plaza and museum displaying weapons and artefacts from the operation and the Korean War.
* [[Incheon Dohobu Cheongsa]]: The former government complex of Incheon, dating back to at least the reign of King Sejong in the 15th century. It is located near Munhak Stadium.
* [[Ara Canal]]: A waterway linking the [[Han River (Korea)|Han River]] to the [[Yellow Sea]]. The canal is bordered by parks and a popular bike path.
* [[Korean-Chinese Cultural Centre]]: Built by the Jung-gu District, this centre promotes cultural exchange and understanding between Korea and China.
* [[Songwol-dong Fairy Tale Village]]: Created as part of a renovation project, this vibrant village is now a popular attraction for children and young visitors.
<gallery>
File:Korea-us100.jpg|Monument to 100 years of friendship between Korea and the US in Jayu Park
File:Jayuwalkway.jpg|A walkway in Jayu Park
File:Korea-Incheon-Chinatown-01.jpg|The only official [[Chinatown]] in South Korea
File:Peking opera wall chinatown.jpg|Peking Opera wall Chinatown, Incheon, South Korea
File:Korean-Chinese Cultural Center.jpg|Korean-Chinese cultural center [[Chinatown]] in South Korea
File:Songwol-dong Fairy Tale Village.jpg|Songwol-dong Fairy Tale Village in Incheon in South Korea
File:Incheon-port.jpg|Port of Incheon
File:Incheon bridge 2009.jpg|[[Incheon Bridge]]
File:Jakyakdo.jpg|The tiny island of Jakyakdo
File:Walmido promenade.jpg|Wolmido promenade
File:Seoul Incheon Airport (27833094934).jpg|Incheon International Airport
File:SSG 랜더스 문학경기장 문학스타디움 전경 2024.jpg|Incheon Munhak Stadium
File:인천버스터미널 택시타는곳.jpg|Lotte Department & Incheon Bus Terminal
File:박태환수영장 2024.jpg|[[Park Tae-hwan|Park Taehwan]] Swimming Stadium
File:SSG 랜더스 문학경기장(문학스타디움) 2024.jpg|Incheon Munhak Stadium (SSG Landers Baseball Team Home)
File:인천로데오거리 스타벅스.jpg|Guwol Rodeo Street
File:구월아시아드근린공원 환영의장 2023.jpg|Guwol Asiad Park at Night (2014 Asian Game Park)
File:인천대공원남문 2023.jpg|Incheon Grand Park
File:소래해넘이전망대 야경 2024.jpg|Sorae Bridge
File:남동소래아트홀 야경 2 2024.jpg|Sorae Art Center & Halls
</gallery>
== Notable people ==
{{main category|People from Incheon}}
*[[Lee Je-no]], member of [[NCT (group)|NCT]] and its subunit [[NCT Dream]]
*[[Cho Mi-yeon|Miyeon]], [[(G)I-dle]]
*[[Hapkido]] Grand Master [[Han Bong-soo]]
*[[Hangzoo]], [[Rhythm Power]]
*[[Kim Ryeo-wook]], [[Super Junior]]
*[[Hyoyeon|Kim Hyo-yeon]], [[Girls' Generation]]
*[[Choi Min-ho]], [[Shinee]]
*[[Kang Ki-young]]
*[[Michaela Dietz]], voice actress
*[[Kim Gu-ra]]
*[[Kim Nam-il]], footballer
*[[Cho Yong-hyung]], footballer
*[[Shin Ji]], [[Koyote]]
*[[Yoon Chae-kyung]], [[April (band)|April]]
*[[Kang Hye-jung]], actress
*[[Kwon Nara]], actress
*[[Go Kyung-pyo]], actor
*[[Lee Sung-hyun]], kickboxer
*[[Choi Ji-man]], baseball player ([[New York Yankees]], [[Milwaukee Brewers]], [[Tampa Bay Rays]])
*[[Ku Hye-sun]], actress
*[[Hyolyn]], [[Sistar]]
*[[Roh Ji-hoon]], singer
*[[Ryu Hyun-jin]], baseball player ([[Hanwha Eagles]], [[Los Angeles Dodgers]], [[Toronto Blue Jays]])
*[[Park Cho-a]], soloist and former member of [[AOA (band)|AOA]]
*[[Bang Min-ah]], [[Girl's Day]]
*[[Nam Ji-hyun (actress)|Nam Ji-hyun]]
*[[Kyung Soo-jin]]
*[[Kim Young-kwang (actor)|Kim Young-kwang]]
*[[JinJoo Lee]], [[DNCE]]
*[[Ong Seong-wu]], former member of [[Wanna One]], actor and soloist
*[[Yoo Seung-ho]], actor
*[[Lee Kang-in]], footballer
*[[Kim Sung-joo (entertainer)|Kim Sung-joo]], singer, actor, [[Uniq (band)|UNIQ]]
*[[Sung Dong-il]], actor
*[[Kim So-hee (singer, born 1999)|Sohee]], singer and member of [[Alice (South Korean girl group)|Alice]]
*[[Park Nam-choon]]
*[[Kim Do-yeon (singer)|Doyeon]], singer, actress and member of [[Weki Meki]] and [[WJMK (group)|WJMK]]
*[[Young Kim]]
*[[Hong Soo-hyun]], actress
*[[Peggy Gou]], DJ
*[[Wonpil|Kim Won-pil]], singer-songwriter, keyboardist and member of [[Day6]]
*[[Do Han-se]], rapper and member of [[Victon]]
==International relations==
[[File:Tianjin Water Park Tianjin and Incheon Friendship City Memorial Sculpture.jpg|thumb|Tianjin and Incheon Friendship City Memorial Sculpture in [[Tianjin Water Park]]]]
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in South Korea}}
Incheon is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Sister Cities & Affiliated Cities|url=https://www.incheon.go.kr/en/EN020101|website=incheon.go.kr|publisher=Incheon Metropolitan Government|access-date=2020-04-13|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809193346/https://www.incheon.go.kr/en/EN020101|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Alexandria]], Egypt (2000)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]], United States (1986)
*{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Banten]], Indonesia (2009)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], United States (1961)
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Chongqing]], China (2007)
*{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Haiphong]], Vietnam (1997)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Honolulu]], United States (2003)
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kitakyushu]], Japan (1988)
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kobe]], Japan (2010)
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], India (2007)
*{{flagicon|PHL}} [[Manila]], Philippines (2008)
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mérida, Yucatán|Mérida]], Mexico (2007)
*{{flagicon|PAN}} [[Panama City]], Panama (2000)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Philadelphia]], United States (1983)
*{{flagicon|CAM}} [[Phnom Penh]], Cambodia (2009)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Seattle]], United States
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shenyang]], China (2014)
*{{flagicon|TWN}} [[Taoyuan, Taiwan|Taoyuan]], Taiwan (2009)
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Tel Aviv]], Israel (2000)
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Tianjin]], China（1993）
*{{flagicon|MNG}} [[Ulaanbaatar]], Mongolia (2017)
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Veneto]], Italy (2010)
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladivostok]], Russia (2012)
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Yekaterinburg]], Russia (2009)
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Gödöllő]], Hungary (2023)
{{div col end}}
== See also ==
{{portal|Geography|Asia|South Korea}}
* [[List of cities in South Korea]]
* [[List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean]]
* [[Battle of Chemulpo Bay]]
* ''[[Inchon (film)|Inchon]]''
* [[Incheon Chinatown]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Sister project links|voy=Incheon}}
* {{URL|1=https://www.incheon.go.kr/|2=Official website}}
* [https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/national-institute-of-biological-resources National Institute of Biological Resources on Google Cultural Institute]
{{Incheon}}
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